ABSTRACT
Resumen Desde hace casi un siglo el código penal argentino incluye situaciones en las que el aborto no está penalizado: riesgo para la salud y embarazo producto de violación. Sin embargo, su implementación ha sido inexistente hasta recientemente. Este estudio cualitativo exploró las experiencias de mujeres que accedieron a un aborto legal con el fin de analizar los recorridos que transitan e identificar los modos en que el estigma se percibe, manifiesta y procesa. Las mujeres parten del supuesto de que el aborto es siempre ilegal y "descubren" la legalidad después de recorrer un laberinto plagado de estigma, riesgo, frustración y desesperación. Las situaciones de mayor angustia no se vinculan a la decisión de interrumpir el embarazo sino al recorrido tortuoso que deben transitar. La "legalidad oculta" es causa y consecuencia del estigma vinculado al aborto.
Abstract For nearly a century Argentina's penal code has included two exceptions in which abortion is permitted: health risk and rape. However, the implementation of legal abortion has been nearly nonexistent until recently. This qualitative study explored the experiences of women who accessed legal abortions in Argentina. It sought to analyze the paths they must walk through and to identify the ways in which stigma is perceived, manifested and processed. All women interviewed started searching for clandestine solutions to their unwanted pregnancy assuming abortion was always illegal. They "discovered" legality after walking through a path marked by stigma, risk, frustration and despair. Distress is not linked to the decision to end the pregnancy but is rather a result of the path they wander through. The "hidden legality" is a cause and consequence of abortion stigma.
Resumo Por quase um século, o código penal argentino inclui situações nas quais o aborto não penalizado: risco à saúde e gravidez resultante de estupro. No entanto, sua implementação não existia até recentemente. Este estudo qualitativo explorou as experiências de mulheres que acessaram um aborto legal, a fim de analisar as jornadas pelas quais passam e identificar as maneiras pelas quais o estigma é percebido, manifestado e processado. As mulheres assumem que o aborto é sempre ilegal e "descobrem" a legalidade depois de passar por um labirinto cheio de estigma, risco, frustração e desespero. As situações mais angustiantes não estão ligadas à decisão de interromper a gravidez, mas à jornada tortuosa pela qual devem passar. A "legalidade oculta" é causa e consequência do estigma associado ao aborto.
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Women's Health , Abortion, Legal , Pregnant Women , Social Stigma , Life Change Events , Argentina , Women's Health Services , Risk , Interviews as Topic , Qualitative Research , Personal Narrative , Psychological DistressABSTRACT
Las mujeres embarazadas que desean interrumpir su embarazo de forma voluntaria deben recibir un trato digno durante su atención. El Trato Digno incluye saludo amable, presentación del personal de salud, hablar a la paciente por su nombre, explicación e información de procedimientos a realizar, salvaguardar la intimidad, trato respetuoso, y la satisfacción del paciente con respecto al trato del personal que le atendió. Objetivo: Evaluar la percepción que tienen las usuarias del cumplimiento del indicador de calidad: "Trato Digno" proporcionado por personal de enfermería en el servicio de ILE. Metodología: Estudio de tipo cuantitativo, descriptivo y transversal. Muestreo por conveniencia conformado por 54 pacientes que acudieron al servicio de ILE. Resultados: La edad de las mujeres osciló entre 15 y 45 años. El 66% de las mujeres del estudio refirieron haber esperado más de 60 minutos para recibir tratamiento; a pesar de ello 56% reportó estar satisfecha con el tiempo de espera. El 93% consideró que recibió información clara y concisa acerca de su tratamiento y evolución. Un porcentaje igual valora como respetuoso el trato del personal. El 89% de las mujeres del estudio recibió cuidados de enfermería durante su atención. También 96% dice estar satisfecha con la atención recibida. Conclusión: La atención a las pacientes que acuden al servicio de ILE corresponde a un trato digno, ya que se brinda con respeto, amabilidad, humanismo e informando acerca de los procedimientos a realizar, medidas diagnósticas y/o terapéuticas necesarias.
Pregnant women seeking to terminate voluntary her pregnancy on a basis should be treated with dignity in their health. The worthy relationship includes friendly greeting, presentation of professional health, and call to the patient by name, explanation and information about to make procedures, safeguard privacy, respectful, and patient satisfaction regarding the care of staff who attended her. Objective: To evaluate the users' perception of quality care indicator fulfillment with worthy relationship provided by nurses in ILE service. Methodology: quantitative, descriptive and transversal study. Convenience sample comprised of 54 patients who attended the ILE service. Results: The age of the women ranged between 15 and 45. 66% of women in the study reported having waited more than 60 minutes for treatment, despite that 56%reported being satisfied with the waiting time. 93% felt that was clear and concise information about their treatment and evolution. The same percentage was observed respectful relationship by staff. 89% of women in the study nursing care received during your stay. 96% also say they are satisfied with the medical care. Conclusion: The care of patients attending the ILE service corresponds to a worthy relationship, as it provides with respect, kindness, humanism and report on procedures performed, diagnostic measures and / or treatment required.
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Adult , Abortion, Legal , Nursing , Quality Indicators, Health Care , Social Perception , Abortion, InducedABSTRACT
Introducción: El embarazo no deseado, lleva a la mujer a practicarse un aborto. De acuerdo a International Projects Assistance Services (IPAS) en México, el aborto y sus complicaciones son la 5ª causa de muerte materna. En el D.F. la despenalización de la interrupción del embarazo antes de las 12 semanas de gestación es una ley, lo que ha significado derecho a elegir voluntaria y libremente sobre la maternidad y por lo tanto a decidir la interrupción de un embarazo. Objetivo: Caracterizar a la población que acude al programa de Interrupción Legal del Embarazo (ILE) en un hospital del sector salud del D.F. Metodología: Estudio cuantitativo, descriptivo y transversal, encuestando a 61 mujeres, que deseaban ingresar al programa ILE y aceptaron participar en el estudio. Se realizó y aplicó un instrumento de valoración con 27 ítems. Resultados: Mujeres asistentes al ILE de entre 16 y 42 años; el 46% se dedican al hogar; 50% solteras y el resto en unión libre o casadas; el 23% reportó no emplear ningún método para control de la natalidad. Principales razones para acudir al programa ILE: problemas económicos (36%), embarazo no deseado (20%), paridad satisfecha (20%). Principal sentimiento que despierta el ingreso al programa ILE: tranquilidad (82%). El 100% de las mujeres sometidas a ILE aseguran haber sido tratadas con ética y dignidad. Discusión: Se concuerda con Gutmacher que la legalización de la interrupción del embarazo coincide con el incremento en solicitudes de la mujer a este procedimiento. Respecto a las razones tales como embarazo no deseado y los problemas económicos, ello corresponde con los resultados de la encuesta IPSOS- Bimsa para Population Council en la población Mexicana. Conclusiones. Debe ser creciente la calidad de atención a la salud reproductiva, se debe priorizar en la prevención de embarazos no deseados, orientando y educando a la población y ofreciendo métodos de planificación a hombres y mujeres con vida sexual activa.
Introduction: Unwanted pregnancy leads women to undergo abortion. According to the International Projects Assistance Services (IPAS), abortion and its complications are the 5th cause of maternal death in Mexico. However, in Mexico's Federal District (D.F.), it is legal to interrupt pregnancy before the 12th week of gestation, a situation which gives women the right to freely and voluntarily decide about their maternity. Objective: To characterize the people who enroll a Legal Pregnancy Interruption Program in a D.F. health sector's hospital. Methodology: Basic and descriptive study involving 61 women who were willing to enroll the program and be part of this study. We used a 27-item instrument. Results: Out of all participants (16 to 42 years old), 46% had home activities; 50% were single; 50% were married (or de-facto); and 23% said they were not using pregnancy-prevention methods. Among the main reasons to enroll the Legal Pregnancy Interruption Program were: economical problems (36%); unwanted pregnancy (20%); and being satisfied with the number of sons (20%). 82% reported a feeling of tranquility after having enrolled the program, and all of them reported having been treated with ethics and dignity. Discussion: In agreement with Gutmacher, pregnancy interruption legalization is in parallel with the increment in women's application to pregnancy interruption procedures. Findings on economical problems and unwanted pregnancy reasons were similar to those found in the Population Council's IPSOS-Bimsa survey on the Mexican population. Conclusions: Reproductive health attention must be enhanced, emphasizing unwanted pregnancy prevention programs and thus, orienting and offering people family planning methods.