Anomalías venosas sistémicas más frecuentes en el feto: embriología, diagnóstico prenatal y asesoramiento cardiogenético / Most common systemic venous abnormalities found in the fetus: embryology, prenatal diagnosis and cardiogenetic advice

Se hace una extensa revisión de la embriología del sistema venoso torácico y su relación con la anomalía venosa más frecuente a este nivel: la vena cava superior izquierda persistente. Se destaca la importancia de su conocimiento en la interpretación de estas malformaciones, y otra menos frecuente, como la interrupción de la vena cava inferior. Si bien es cierto que su hallazgo per se no afecta significativamente al portador de esta anomalía, su asociación a otras cardiopatías muy graves -que a manera de marcadores anatómicos la acompañan- hacen que su estudio sea necesario para todos aquellos interesados en la evaluación de las cardiopatías congénitas, pediatras, ultrasonografistas y asesores cardiogenéticos.

An extensive review of the embryology of thoracic venous system, and its relation with the most common venous abnormality, that is, persistent left superior vena cava, was made. The review underlined the importance of knowledge in the interpretation of such malformations, and of other less frequent like the interruption of the inferior vena cava. Although it is true that finding this abnormality does not significantly affect the patient, its association with other very severe cardiopathies, which accompany it as a sort of anatomical markers, makes the study necessary for all those people interested in the evaluation of congenital cardiopathies, pediatricians, ultrasonography technicians and cardiogenetic advisers.

A Case of Persistent Left Superior Vena Cava with Interruption of Inferior Vena Cava

Failure in regression of fetal left common cardinal vein, commonly referred to as persistent left superior vena cava, is one of the most frequently encountered anomalies of the systemic venous return. We experienced a case of persistent left superior vena cava in a 60-year-old male who presented with exertional dyspnea and intermittent cough for 1 year. We found that the persistent left superior vena cava drained into right atrium via markedly dilated coronary sinus in transthoracic and contrast transesophageal echocardiography. The patient had also interruption of inferior vena cava, confirmed by venogram during right heart catheterization, so that the blood of inferior vena cava drained into left superior vena caba via hemiazygos vein. The patient improved with medical treatment and was discharged.