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1.
Arch. cardiol. Méx ; 93(4): 451-457, Oct.-Dec. 2023. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1527723

ABSTRACT

Resumen Objetivo: Describir los tipos de cateterismo cardiaco que se realizan en el único laboratorio de hemodinamia pediátrica dentro de la red de salud pública de El Salvador, en colaboración con organizaciones sin fines de lucro. Material y método: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo retrospectivo de corte transversal en el periodo entre mayo de 2022 a enero de 2023, revisando los expedientes de todos los pacientes que pasaron a cateterismo cardiaco. Resultados: Se realizaron 54 procedimientos dentro de la sala de hemodinamia, 37 pacientes de sexo femenino. El peso fue de 20.6 ± 14.5 kg, de los procedimientos, 47 (87%) fueron terapéuticos y 7 (13%) diagnósticos. La oclusión del conducto arterioso se realizó en el 46% de los pacientes. No se reportaron complicaciones, los pacientes fueron dados de alta luego de 12 horas, todos los insumos fueron donados por fundaciones sin fines de lucro. Conclusiones: Nuestro laboratorio de hemodinamia realiza procedimientos de complejidad variada sin reportar hasta el momento complicaciones mayores. Nos vemos limitados debido al costo alto de algunos dispositivos, a la baja frecuencia de la utilización de estos y a la imposibilidad para adquirirlos en el mercado nacional.


Abstract Objective: To describe the types of cardiac catheterization that are performed in the only pediatric catheterization laboratory within the public health network of El Salvador, in collaboration with non-profit organizations. Material and method: A descriptive, retrospective, cross-sectional study was conducted in the period from May 2022 to January 2023, reviewing the records of all patients who underwent cardiac catheterization. Results: 54 procedures were performed in the catheterization room, 37 female patients. The weight was 20.6 ± 14.5 kg, of the procedures, 47 (87%) were therapeutic and 7 (13%) diagnostic. Occlusion of the ductus arteriosus was performed in 46% of the patients. No complications were reported, the patients were discharged after 12 hours, all supplies were donated by non-profit foundations. Conclusions: Our catheterization laboratory performs procedures of varied complexity without reporting any major complications to date. We are limited due to the high cost of some devices, the low frequency of their use and the impossibility of acquiring them in the national market.

2.
Rev. chil. cardiol ; 41(1): 28-33, abr. 2022.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1388110

ABSTRACT

RESUMEN: En el año 2013, se publicó un artículo acerca de lo realizado en Chile en temas de protección radiológica en cardiología intervencionista (CI) pediátrica. A continuación se muestra el trabajo de continuidad realizado en los últimos 8 años, destacando los principales resultados alcanzados y proponiendo mejoras en la seguridad y protección radiológica en esta práctica clínica. Desde el año 2013 se han seguido evaluando en términos de dosis de radiación y calidad de imagen, los sistemas de rayos X utilizados en Chile para procedimientos de CI pediátricos y, en particular, los equipos de los servicios de los Hospitales Luis Calvo Mackenna y Roberto del Rio. Se han medido las tasas de dosis de radiación dispersa a la posición habitual de los ojos y tobillos de los cardiólogos que operan los equipos de rayos X. También contamos con un conjunto de "Niveles de Referencia para Diagnóstico" clasificados por rangos de edad y peso, junto con la estimación de valores de dosis por órgano y dosis efectiva para los pacientes. Podemos afirmar que, actualmente, contamos con una metodología consolidada para caracterizar, en términos de dosis y calidad de imagen, los sistemas de rayos X. Sin embargo, sigue pendiente actualizar la normativa nacional que regula el uso seguro de las radiaciones ionizantes en medicina, como también aspectos de formación en protección radiológica para el personal médico implicado.


ABSRSCT: An article on the status of radiological protection during procedures of interventional cardiology in pediatric patients in Chile was published in 2013. The present article relates the continuing efforts to improve radiological protection highlighting their results and proposing additional measures to improve radiological protection during the procedure. Since 2013 we have continued the evaluation of radiation doses, image quality, and X Ray systems used in Chile. We have measured diffused radiation dose at operator´s eye and ankle levels to elaborate a "Reference guide" according to patient´s age and weight. However, we still lack a national regulatory norm for the X Ray systems to be used and for the appropriate training of those involved in procedures of interventional cardiology in pediatric patients.


Subject(s)
Humans , Pediatrics , Radiation Protection/methods , Security Measures/trends , Chile , Dosimetry
3.
Rev. chil. cardiol ; 40(2): 121-126, ago. 2021. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1388087

ABSTRACT

RESUMEN: Introducción: El Stent-Save a Life! (SSL) LATAM working group diseñó una encuesta para objetivar la reducción de la actividad de los laboratorios de hemodinamia en Latinoamérica durante la pandemia COVID-19. Ante la amenaza de nuevos confinamientos en Chile, nos propusimos objetivar las consecuencias de la primera ola de contagios en nuestra actividad. Objetivos: Discutir la repercusión de la pandemia en la cardiología intervencional en Chile. Métodos: El grupo SSL realizó una encuesta telemática a todos los países de Latinoamérica incluido Chile. Se registraron las coronariografías (CAG), intervenciones coronarias percutáneas (ACTP) e intervenciones estructurales, comparando dos períodos determinados por el confinamiento por la pandemia, cada uno de dos semanas. Pre-COVID-19: período previo al confinamiento, y COVID-19: período durante el confinamiento. Se analizan, a partir de esta encuesta, los resultados aplicados a nuestro país. Resultados: Se obtuvo respuesta de trece centros. Hubo una reducción en el número global de procedimientos entre período Pre-COVID-19 y COVID-19 de un 65,1%. Se reportó una disminución de 67% en las CAG, de un 59,4% en las ACTP y de un 92% en los procedimientos terapéuticos estructurales. Entre ambos períodos se redujo la consulta por Síndrome Coronario Agudo por elevación del segmento ST (SCACEST) en 40,8%. Conclusiones: En nuestro país se objetivó una reducción marcada de la actividad asistencial de la cardiología intervencional durante la pandemia COVID-19 y una disminución significativa en el número de pacientes tratados por SCACEST. Los resultados de nuestro país son similares a los reportados por países de Latinoamérica, Europa y Norteamérica.


ABSTRACT: Background: The Stent-Save a Life! (SSL) LATAM working group designed a survey to demonstrate the reduction in the activity of cardiac catheterization laboratories in Latin America during the COVID-19 pandemic. Considering the risk of a new confinement in Chile, we decided to assess the impact of the first wave of contagions on our activity. Aims: To discuss the repercussion of the COVID-19 pandemic on the activity of interventional cardiology in Chile. Methods: The SSL group conducted a telematic survey in all Latin American countries. Coronary angiography, coronary interventions (PCI) and structural interventions were registered, comparing two periods of two weeks duration each: before and during COVID-19 confinement. Results obtained in Chile are analyzed. Results: Thirteen centers in Chile answered the survey. There was an overall decrease of 65.1% in the number of procedures between the pre and the post COVID-19 periods. Coronary angiographies decreased 67%, PCI 59.4% and therapeutical structural procedures 92%. The reduction in acute coronary syndrome with ST segment elevation (STEMI) was 40,8% between periods. Conclusions: In Chile, a significant reduction in healthcare activity related to interventional cardiology and a significant decrease in the number of patients treated with STEMI was observed during the COVID-19 pandemic. The results are similar to those reported by Latin American, European and North American countries.


Subject(s)
Humans , Cardiovascular Surgical Procedures/statistics & numerical data , Cardiology/statistics & numerical data , COVID-19 , Radiography, Interventional , Chile , Quarantine , Surveys and Questionnaires , Coronary Angiography/statistics & numerical data , Cardiology Service, Hospital/statistics & numerical data , Pandemics , Percutaneous Coronary Intervention/statistics & numerical data , Laboratories, Clinical/statistics & numerical data
4.
Cienc. Salud (St. Domingo) ; 5(2): [69-76], Ene-Abr. 2021. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1363016

ABSTRACT

Introducción: el síndrome coronario agudo (SCA) es una serie de signos y síntomas que se refieren a isquemia miocárdica repentina. Estas condiciones clínicas son Síndrome Coronario agudo sin Elevación del Segmento ST (SCASEST) y Síndrome Coronario Agudo con Elevación del Segmento ST (SCACEST). A nivel mundial hay hallazgos controversiales con respecto a la diferencia de presentación de SCA en hombres y mujeres. Objetivo: determinar las diferencias en presentación del síndrome coronario agudo según el género en República Dominicana. Métodos: en este estudio observacional retrospectivo unicéntrico, 3,548 pacientes con SCA llevados al laboratorio de cateterismo fueron observados durante el período de agosto de 2016 a septiembre de 2019. Resultados: la edad promedio de presentación fue mayor en las mujeres, con una media de 63 años (DE ± 12.2). El SCACEST fue más frecuente en hombres (69.35 %) y la Angina Inestable en mujeres (50.14 %, p <0.0001). Angiográficamente, la enfermedad coronaria multivascular fue más común en hombres y la angiografía coronaria normal en mujeres (41.30 % y 35.37 %, p < 0.0001). Conclusión: dentro de la población dominicana, la mujer tiende a ser mayor al momento de presentación de SCA, con menor tendencia a someterse a intervención coronaria terapéutica.


Introduction: Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS) is a series of signs and symptoms referring to sudden myocardial ischemia. These clinical conditions are: Non-ST-Acute Coronary Syndromes (NST-ACS) and ST-segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction (STEMI). Globally there are controversial findings regarding the difference in SCA presentation in both men and women. Objective: Determine differences in presentation of acute coronary syndrome by gender in the Dominican Republic. Methods: In this retrospective single-centered observational study 3,548 patients with ACS taken to the catheterization laboratory underwent observation, during the time frame of August 2016 to September 2019. Results: The average age of presentation was higher in females, with a mean of 63 years old (SD ± 12.2). STEMI was greater in males (69.35%) and females presented more with UA (50.14%, p<0.0001). Angiography findings showed that multi-vascular coronary artery disease was more common in males and normal coronary angiography more frequent in females (41.30% and 35.37%, p<0.0001). Conclusion: Within the Dominican population, females tend to be older at the time of appearance of ACS with a lower tendency of undergoing coronary intervention.


Subject(s)
Catheterization , Non-ST Elevated Myocardial Infarction , ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction , Women , Dominican Republic , Men
5.
Article | IMSEAR | ID: sea-215118

ABSTRACT

Intravenous contrast media (IVCM) are routinely used in different imaging techniques, such as computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), but can cause adverse effects on renal function. This study aims to evaluate the level of awareness of IVCM and their effects on renal function among members of the general public visiting King Abdulaziz University Hospital (KAUH) in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. MethodsAn observational cross-sectional study design was used. It was conducted in September 2018 on participants aged ≥18 years who completed an electronic self-administered questionnaire to assess their knowledge of the adverse renal effects of IVCM. Data was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Chi-squared test was used to evaluate the level of knowledge among residents regarding the possible adverse renal events that can be caused by IVCM. ResultsMost participants (56.8%) had no knowledge of IVCM and were unable to recognize the risk factors associated with IVCM and their potential impact on the kidneys. Social media was the most chosen source of information among those who had variable degrees of awareness. A statistically significant association was found between the educational level and degree of knowledge about the importance, application, and adverse events of IVCM. Most of the respondents lacked knowledge of the risk factors associated with contrast-induced nephropathy. ConclusionsParticipants generally had limited knowledge about IVCM and the associated risk factors. Educational programs could be utilized to improve awareness and understanding.

6.
Rev. chil. cardiol ; 39(2): 105-113, ago. 2020. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1138523

ABSTRACT

ANTECEDENTES: Las unidades de Cardiología intervencional han evidenciado un número creciente de procedimientos, cada vez más variados y complejos, lo cual podría eventualmente generar daños a los profesionales ocupacionalmente expuestos a radiaciones ionizantes (POEs) de no contar con los adecuados elementos de radioprotección y un uso correcto de ellos. OBJETIVO: Caracterizar la disponibilidad y utilización de los elementos de radioprotección y dosimetría de unidades de cardiología intervencionista de centros Sudamericanos. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Se realizó una encuesta autoaplicada a 139 POEs, de ambos sexos de 7 países, a través de una plataforma on-line, se les consultó sobre características demográficas, dosimétricas y de radioprotección. RESULTADOS: Los elementos de radioprotección más tradicionales; delantales y cuellos plomados se utilizaron un 99,5 % y 98,4 % respectivamente, aquellos elementos más recientes como gafas, gorros y paños plomados solo alcanzaron un 36,8 %, 6,8 % y 34,2%, de utilización respectivamente, en cuanto a la utilización de los dosímetros, solo un 7,9 % lo hace apegado a las normas de la Organización Internacional de Energía Atómica (OIEA). CONCLUSIÓN: Se constató en la muestra analizada una falta de elementos de radioprotección y un uso inadecuado de ellos, urge realizar intervenciones educativas y técnicas para mejorar estos datos.


BACKGROUND: Due to the increasing number of interventional cardiology procedures currently performed, health professionals (POE) are exposed to ionizing radiation unless adequate protective elements are used. AIM: to describe the use of radioprotection elements and dosimetry in interventional cardiology laboratories in South America. METHODS: A self-administered survey was performed on 139 POE of both sexes and 7 countries using an online platform. Demographic data, dosimetry and characteristics of radioprotection analyzed. RESULTS: Commonly used radioprotective elements (lead aprons and collars) were used in 99.5% and 98% respectively. Recently introduced protection elements like lead goggles, caps and drapery were used in 36.8, 6.8 and 34.2% , respectively. Dosimetry according to the International Atomic Energy Commission (OIAE) was performed in only 7.9% of the procedures. CONCLUSION: there is a severe lack of adequate radioprotection during interventional cardiology procedures. Urgent measures, including technical implementation and educational interventions are needed to improve radioprotection in interventional cardiology.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Radiation Protection/methods , Radiography, Interventional/adverse effects , Occupational Exposure/prevention & control , Cardiology Service, Hospital , Radiation Dosage , Radiation, Ionizing , Radiation Protection/instrumentation , Radiation Protection/statistics & numerical data , South America , Pilot Projects , Surveys and Questionnaires , Self Report , Personal Protective Equipment
7.
Rev. costarric. cardiol ; 22(suppl.1)abr. 2020.
Article in Spanish | LILACS, SaludCR | ID: biblio-1389015

ABSTRACT

Resumen El virus SARS-CoV-2 se ha extendido a nivel mundial, rápidamente ha sobrecargado los sistemas de salud. Esta emergencia ha implicado cambios en la atención usual del infarto agudo miocardio con elevación del ST (IAMCEST) puesto que la actividad habitual de las salas de hemodinamia y las vías de traslado de los pacientes se ha visto afectada. La afectación del personal de salud también es una preocupación relevante por lo que presentamos un documento de Consenso de la Asociación Costarricense de Cardiología que pretende generar una guía de trabajo al personal que atiende esta patología y garantizar la atención adecuada del IAMCEST durante la pandemia en Costa Rica.


Abstract The current COVID-19 has spread worldwide, the outbreak is altering the usual activity of the catheterization laboratorios and the usual treatment pathways of patients with chronic diseases or emergencies, such as Acute Coronary Syndrome could be disrupted. The involvement of health personnel is a relevant concern, so we created a consensus document of the Costa Rican Association of Cardiology that aims to generate a decision-making workflow to treat this pathology and guarantee adequate and continuous care for ST elevation myocardial infarction during the COVID-19 outbreak.


Subject(s)
Clinical Protocols , COVID-19/prevention & control , Myocardial Infarction , Clinical Competence , Guideline Adherence , Costa Rica
8.
Rev. mex. cardiol ; 26(4): 169-173, oct.-dic. 2015. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: lil-775554

ABSTRACT

Aortic coarctation's (CoA) prevalence is 0.2 in every 1000 live births. Therapeutic options include surgery and, for the last 20 years, interventional cardiology. Objective: To determine the complications of CoA and examine their association with the type of treatment recieved. Methods: Patients that underwent CoA treatment and had follow-up in our center were included. They were included according to treatment in 3 groups: balloon aortoplasty (group 1), stent aortoplasty (group 2) and open surgery (group 3). Patients who suffered from interrupted aortic arch and those who received treatment in other hospitals or presented complications detected in other hospitals were excluded. Data analysis: Descriptive statistics with central mean tendency and dispersion according to distribution, inferential statistics, X-square, ANOVA/Kruskal-Wallis and Kaplan Meier analysis of survival. Results: n =166, age = 18 (range 13-25), 118 male (71%), 48 in group 1, 57 in group 2 and 61 in group 3. The mean follow-up was 15 years. From the analyzed complications, those with statistical significance were: persistent systemic arterial hypertension (group 1, 15%; group 2, 34%; group 3, 41%, p < 0.001) and re-intervention (group 1, 58%; group 2, 11%; group 3, 36%), p = 0.03. Conclusions: The balloon aortoplasty presents greater percentage of reoperation; and aortoplasty stent has fewer complications, but these are manifested in less time.


La prevalencia de Coartación Aórtica (CoA) es de 0.2 por cada 1000 nacidos vivos. Las opciones terapéuticas incluyen cirugía y en los últimos 20 años cardiología intervencionista. Objetivo: determinar las complicaciones de CoA y determinar la asociación con el tipo de tratamiento recibido. Material y métodos: Se incluyeron todos los pacientes con CoA atendidos en nuestra unidad y con seguimiento. Se incluyeron 3 grupos de acuerdo al tratamiento: Grupo 1, aortoplastía con balón, Grupo 2, aortoplastía con Stent y Grupo 3, cirugía. Se excluyeron pacientes con interrupción de arco aórtico o los que habían sido atendidos en otros hospital pero que las complicaciones se registraron en nuestra unidad. Análisis estadístico, se usó estadística descriptiva con medidas de tendencia central y dispersión de acuerdo a la distribución, estadística inferencial con X-cuadrada, ANOVA y Kruskal-Wallis, Kaplan Meier para sobrevida. Resultados: n =166, edad = 18 (rango 13-25), 118 hombres (71%), 48 en grupo 1, 57 en grupo 2, 61 en grupo 3. Seguimiento por 15 años. Al analizar las complicaciones las que tienen significancia estadística fueron: hipertensión arterial persistente (grupo 1, 15%; grupo2, 34%; grupo 3, 41%, p<0.001) y reintervención (grupo 1, 58%; grupo 2, 11%; grupo 3, 36%), p = 0.03. Conclusiones: La aortoplastía con balón tien mayor porcentaje de reintervención y la aortoplastía con stent tiene menor porcentaje de complicaciones, pero estas se manifiestan en un lapso menor de tiempo.

9.
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-181073

ABSTRACT

Aim: Coronary artery diseases in children are uncommon, but in selected cases general vascular problems also affect the heart. Case: We present the case of 4-month old girl admitted to Pediatric Intensive Care Unit after the incident of cardiac arrest and ventricular tachycardia, who underwent diagnostic catheterization due to cardiac ischemia. Coronary angiography showed changes in coronary arteries in the form of disseminated aneurysms, mixed with severely stenosed segments. General angiography discovered also changes in the number of peripheral arteries, with the most significant right subclavian and left iliac artery aneurysms. Results: Upon angiographic images and a history of untreated infection, polyarteritis nodosa (PAN) was diagnosed, with an appropriate administration of intensive treatment. Conclusion: The case prove the significance of invasive cardiovascular diagnostics (cardiac catheterization) in every unclear clinical course.

10.
Arch. cardiol. Méx ; 84(4): 250-255, oct.-dic. 2014. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-744058

ABSTRACT

Introducción: El cierre percutáneo de la comunicación interauricular es una alternativa al tratamiento quirúrgico. Objetivos: Comunicar los resultados del cierre percutáneo de la comunicación interauricular con el dispositivo Amplatzer®. Método: Se incluyeron los pacientes sometidos a hemodinamia de septiembre de 1997 a diciembre de 2011. Resultados: Se procedió al cierre del defecto en 721 pacientes y en 85 no se cerró por considerarse no apto anatómicamente. El diámetro expandido del defecto fue de 23 ± 6.7 mm (límites, 5-42). Todos los dispositivos se colocaron con éxito. En 15 casos (2.1%) se cambió el dispositivo por considerarse inestable y en 6 (0.8%) se presentó embolización en las primeras 24 h, 4 fueron rescatados y recolocados (éxito final con intención de tratamiento 719/806-89.2%). El control inmediato mostró oclusión completa en 247 pacientes (34.3%), fuga intradispositivo en 395 (54.9%), ligera en 75 (10.4%) y moderada en 2 (0.3%). Se hace seguimiento en 626 pacientes (87.1%) durante 33 ± 27.5 meses, presentándose cefalea en 54 (8.6%), arritmias supraventriculares nuevas en 10 (1.6%), complicaciones en el sitio de punción en 4 (0.6%) y accidente vascular cerebral en uno (0.1%). Conclusión: El diseño del dispositivo Amplatzer® permite el cierre de la comunicación interauricular con una técnica sencilla y con seguridad para el paciente.


Introduction: Percutaneous closure of atrial septal defects is an alternative to surgical treatment. Objectives: We report the results of percutaneous closure of atrial septal defects with the Amplatzer® device. Method: We include patients taken to the catheterization laboratory from September 1997 to December 2011. Results: We proceeded with defect closure in 721 patients and in 85 the defect was considered not suitable for closure. The stretched diameter of the defect was 23 ± 6.7 mm (limits, 5-42). All devices were positioned successfully. In 15 cases (2.1%) the device was changed due to instability and in 6 (0.8%) the device embolized within the first 24 h, 4 were retrieved and repositioned (final success with intention to treat 719/806-89.2%). Immediate control showed complete closure in 247 patients (34.3%), leak through the device in 395 (54.9%), mild residual leak in 75 (10.4%) and moderate in 2 (0.3%). We have follow-up in 626 patients (87.1%) for 33 ± 27.5 months, with headache in 54 (8.6%), new supraventricular arrhythmia in 10 (1.6%), puncture site complications in 4 (0.6%), and stroke in one (0.1%). Conclusion: The design of the Amplatzer® device allows effective closure of atrial septal defects with a simple technique and patient safety.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Infant , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Heart Septal Defects, Atrial/surgery , Septal Occluder Device , Cardiac Catheterization , Cardiac Surgical Procedures/methods , Time Factors
11.
Rev. chil. cardiol ; 32(3): 223-229, 2013. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-705226

ABSTRACT

El objetivo de este artículo es mostrar los principales resultados alcanzados en Chile durante los últimos 5 años en procedimientos de cardiología intervencionista (CI) pediátrica y discutir acciones futuras para mejorar la seguridad radiológica en esta práctica médica. Todos los sistemas de rayos X usados en procedimientos de CI pediátrica en Chile han sido caracterizados en términos de dosis y calidad de imagen. En conjunto con esto, se han medido las tasas de dosis de radiación dispersa a la posición de los ojos y tobillos de los médicos cardiólogos. En mayo de 2010, se celebró en Santiago de Chile, un taller organizado por la Agencia Internacional de Energía Atómica (IAEA) que fue el punto de partida para un programa piloto sobre dosimetría de pacientes y personal médico para América Latina y el Caribe, con participantes de 11 países. En forma paralela, se realizó un curso piloto de formación en Protección Radiológica. Los primeros valores de dosis a pacientes pediátricos reportados en el marco del programa piloto realizado por la IAEA en América Latina y el Caribe, incluyó 70 procedimientos de Chile que posteriormente, fueron ampliados a una muestra de 544 procedimientos. Para mantener y mejorar las prácticas aprendidas, pensamos que el primer y fundamental paso que se podría dar en Chile, sería revisar y actualizar la legislación que regula el uso de radiaciones ionizantes, donde se incorpore la implementación de programas de Garantía de Calidad y una formación en Protección Radiológica diferenciada de acuerdo a las necesidades del personal médico.


Further actions to improve radiation safety in this medical practice are discussed. All the X-ray systems used in paediatric IC procedures in Chile have been characterized in terms of dose and image quality. In addition, dose rates of scattered radiation to the position of the eyes and ankles of cardiologists have been measured. In May 2010, in Santiago , Chile, a workshop organized by the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) was the starting point for a pilot program on patient dosimetry and medical personnel for Latin America and the Caribbean, with participants from 11 countries. A pilot training course on Radiological Protection was given as part of the program. The first dose values reported for paediatric patients under the pilot program conducted by the IAEA in Latin America and the Caribbean included 70 procedures in Chile later extending to a total of 544 procedures. We think that a fundamental first step to improve IC radiation safety in Chile, would be to revise and update legislation on the use of ionizing radiation, including the implementation of quality assurance programs and training in radiation rrotection according to those involved in IC procedures.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant, Newborn , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Cardiology , Guidelines for Radiological Safety , Pediatrics , Radiation Protection/standards , Chile , Radiation Dosage , Professional Competence
12.
Rev. cuba. pediatr ; 84(4): 401-405, oct.-dic. 2012.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-660187

ABSTRACT

La atresia pulmonar con septum interventricular intacto es una cardiopatía congénita cianótica aparentemente sencilla caracterizada por incorporar diversas variantes morfológicas y lesiones asociadas que conllevan a un diagnóstico y tratamiento más complejo del que inicialmente podría esperarse. La elevada mortalidad antes de los 6 meses de edad obliga a instaurar una conducta agresiva y precoz. Con esta revisión nos hemos propuesto efectuar la evaluación integral de la enfermedad desde sus elementos conceptuales hasta las variantes terapéuticas a adoptar, para lo cual se describen los aspectos más importantes en cuanto a morfología, fisiopatología, diagnóstico y tratamiento. Se discute, asimismo, el papel de la ecocardiografía, de la cirugía y de las técnicas de cardiología intervencionista. La estrategia fundamental del tratamiento es separar las circulaciones sistémica y pulmonar sin provocar disminución del gasto cardíaco ni aumentos en la presión venosa central. Se pretende, además, rescatar al ventrículo derecho para el circuito pulmonar siempre que la circulación coronaria no sea dependiente de aquel. Se resalta, mediante algoritmo, la importancia que reviste la integración de modalidades quirúrgicas, intervencionistas e híbridas en el acometimiento terapéutico de esta cardiopatía.


Pulmonary atresia with intact ventricular septum is an apparently simple cyanotic congenital cardiopathy, characterized by several morphological variants and associated lesions leading to a complex diagnosis and treatment. The high mortality rate recorded in under 6 months-old infants demands an early aggressive management to face this situation. This review was intended to make a comprehensive assessment of the disease from its basic conceptual elements to the therapeutic variants to be adopted. To this end, the most important elements of morphology, physiopathology, diagnosis and treatment were addressed, in addition to discussing the roles of echocardiography, surgery and interventional cardiology techniques. The fundamental strategy of treatment is to separate the systemic circulation from the pulmonary circulation, causing neither reduction of the cardiac output nor increase of the central venous pressure. It is also aimed to return the right ventricle to the pulmonary circuit, provided that the coronary circulation does not depend on it. The algorithm presented in this paper underlined the importance of the integration of the surgical, interventional and hybrid modalities for the therapeutic management of this cardiopathy.

13.
Radiol. bras ; 44(2): 90-96, mar.-abr. 2011. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-588194

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: Este trabalho teve como objetivo estimar os valores de doses de radiação recebidas por médicos e pacientes em procedimentos intervencionistas cardíacos realizados em um hospital público na cidade de Recife, Pernambuco. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: As medidas foram determinadas em 31 pacientes adultos, dos quais 22 tiveram acompanhamento clínico após o procedimento, e em dois cardiologistas com mais de dez anos de experiência. Parâmetros de irradiação para cada procedimento foram registrados. RESULTADOS: Os valores obtidos para a dose absorvida máxima na pele do paciente variaram entre 612 e 8.642 mGy, sendo que 53 por cento foram maiores que 2.000 mGy, valores estes que podem causar efeitos determinísticos. Com relação aos médicos, a dose efetiva média por procedimento foi de 11 µSv e os valores médios do equivalente de dose nas extremidades, mais altos, foram: 923 µSv no pé esquerdo, 514 µSv no pé direito, 382 µSv na mão esquerda e 150 µSv no olho esquerdo. Dependendo do número de procedimentos, as doses recebidas pelos médicos podem exceder os valores limites de doses estabelecidos pelas normas nacionais e internacionais. CONCLUSÃO: Os resultados obtidos sinalizam a necessidade de adoção de estratégias para otimização da proteção radiológica tanto de pacientes quanto de médicos.


OBJECTIVE: The present study was aimed at estimating the values of radiation doses received by physicians and patients during interventional cardiology procedures performed at a public hospital in the city of Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Measurements were made in two cardiologists with more than ten years of experience and in 31 adult patients, with 22 of them being clinically followed-up after the procedure. The individual irradiation parameters were documented. RESULTS: The values for maximum patients skin dose ranged between 612 and 8,642 mGy, achieving more than 2,000 mGy in 53 percent of the patients; such dose values may cause deterministic effects. As regards the physicians, the mean effective dose per procedure was 11 µSv, and the highest mean equivalent doses in the limbs were 923 µSv in the left foot, 514 µSv in the right foot, 382 µSv in the left hand, and 150 µSv in the left eye. Depending on the number of procedures, the doses received by the physician may exceed the dose limits established by the Brazilian and international standards. CONCLUSION: The obtained results indicate the necessity of adopting strategies for optimizing the radiological protection for both patients and physicians.

14.
Biomedical Imaging and Intervention Journal ; : 1-5, 2007.
Article in English | WPRIM | ID: wpr-625882

ABSTRACT

The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) under its mandate of developing and applying standards of radiation safety has initiated a number of activities in recent years on radiation protection in interventional cardiology. These activities are implemented through four mechanisms, namely training, providing information through the website, research projects and assistance to Member States through Technical Cooperation (TC) projects. Major international initiatives have been taken in the area of training where more than half a dozen regional training courses have been conducted for cardiologists from over 50 countries. Additionally four national training events for over 300 medical and paramedical staff members involved in interventional procedures were held. The training material is freely available on CD from the IAEA. The newly established website provides information on radiation protection issues [1]. Two coordinated research projects have just been completed where peak skin doses to patients undergoing high dose interventional procedures were studied and factors to manage patient doses were identified. The technical cooperation projects involving protection in cardiac interventional procedures have 30 countries as participants.

15.
Gac. méd. Méx ; 140(3): 269-272, may.-jun. 2004. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-632181

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: evaluar los resultados a mediano plazo de la VAP. Material y métodos: se analizaron los enfermos con estenosis valvular aórtica congénita con VAP de 1988 al 2001 que tuvieran por lo menos seis meses de seguimiento. Resultados: fueron sometidos a VAP 70 enfermos. Cuarenta del sexo masculino (63%) y 26 del femenino (37%). Margen de edad de tres meses a 36 años, media de 10.5 ± 10.6 años. El gradiente sistólico pico-pico disminuyó de 84 ±20 a 31 ± 16 mmHg (P<0.01). El porcentaje de reducción varió de 25 a 100%, media 60 ± 22%. El índice balón/anillo aórtico fue de 0.9'±0.17. Después del procedimiento la insuficiencia aórtica grado III o IV se presentó en 10 (14.2%). El seguimiento varió de 6 a 168 meses, media 51 ± 48 meses. Al final del seguimiento hubo: fracasos 21 enfermos (30%) y éxitos 49 (70%) pacientes. Un enfermo murió tardíamente (1.4%). Conclusiones: este trabajo es la serie con seguimiento más largo después de VAP en latinoamérica. Se requieren nuevos estudios prospectivos y multicéntricos en la región.


Objective: To evaluate mid-term results with Percutaneous aortic valvulopasty (PAV). Material and Methods: Records of 70 patients treated with percutaneous aortic valvuloplasty with at least 6 months follow-up were reviewed. Results: The 70 patients with PA Vaged 3 months to 36years, mean 10.5 ± 10.6 years, 40) 63%) were male and 26 (37%) female. Initial systolic peak gradient decreased from 84 ± 20 to 31 ± 16 mmHg (p < 0.05), while the reduction percentage ranged from 25 to 100%, mean 60 ± 22. Balloon/aortic annulus index was 0.9 ±0.17. Ten (14.1 %) patients developed aortic insufficiency after PA V. Follow-up ranged from 6 to 168 months, mean ± 48 months. At end of follow-up, 21 patients (30%) were considered failed cases and 49 (70%) patients had a successful outcome. Conclusions: This study showed a series with the longest follow-up in latin America with PA V. New prospective and multicentric studies are needed in this region.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Infant , Male , Aortic Valve Stenosis/congenital , Aortic Valve Stenosis/therapy , Catheterization
16.
Arch. cardiol. Méx ; 73(3): 190-196, ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-773399

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: Evaluar la experiencia de 15 años, de la valvuloplastía pulmonar con balón en el Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI. Material y métodos: Se estudiaron 150 pacientes 73 (48.7%) masculino y 77 (51.7%) femenino. La edad promedio de los 141 en quienes se realizó la valvuloplastía pulmonar con balón fue de 10.5 ± 11.3 años. Resultados: El gradiente promedio prevalvuloplastía de 86 ± 35 descendió a 21.67 ± 12.20 mm Hg p < .001. La presión sistólica del ventrículo derecho de 106 ± 34.8 mm Hg disminuyó a 53 ± 27 mm Hg p < 0.0001. El gradiente valvular pulmonar en el seguimiento promedio de 48 ± 44 meses fue de 13.43 ± 8.73 mm Hg p < 0.001. Se presentaron complicaciones en 9 (6%) pacientes. Se obtuvo éxito técnico inmediato post en 111 (74%) y fracaso inmediato en 39 (26%). Al final del seguimiento se obtuvo éxito en 104 (89.6%) y fracaso en 12 (10.4%) pacientes, p < 0.0001, con una mortalidad global de 2 (1.33 %) pacientes. Las variables significativas para fracaso fueron: la edad de, 1.5 ± 1.33 años para falla de procedimiento, p < .004; morfología valvular displásica p < 0.001. gradiente valvular pulmonar prevalvuloplastía elevado con p < 0.002 y presión sistólica del ventrículo derecho pre valvuloplastía elevados. p < 0.0001, no descendiendo ambos en el post inmediato. Conclusión: La valvuloplastía pulmonar con balón es el tratamiento de elección, efectivo y seguro de la estenosis valvular pulmonar congénita.


Objective: To evaluate 15 years of experience with balloon pulmonary valvuloplasty in a single third level health care center. Material and methods: Hundred-fifty patients underwent the procedure, 73 (48%) men and 77 (52%) women, mean age 10.5 ± 11.3 years. Results: The initial systolic gradient decreased from 86 ± 35 to 21.67 ± 12.20 mm Hg, p < 0.001, whereas the initial right ventricular systolic pressure decreased from 106 ± 34-8 to 53 ± 27 mm Hg, p < 0.0001. At the end of the follow-up, 48 ± 44 months, the systolic gradient was 13.43 ± 8.73 mm Hg, p < 0.001. Major complications occurred in 9 (6.4%) patients. Immediate technical success was achieved in 111 (74%) patients and failure in 39 (26%). At the end of the follow-up period, successful outcomes were achieved in 104 (89.6%); in contrast, failures were present in 12 (10.4%) patients, p < 0.001. Death occurred in 2 (1.33%) patients. The predictors for failure were age < 1.5 ± 1-33 years (p < 0.004), dysplastic valve (p < 0.001), high initial systolic gradient (p < 0.002), and high initial systolic right ventricular pressure (p < 0.0001). Conclusion: Balloon pulmonary valvuloplasty is an effective, safe, and first choice treatment for congenital pulmonary valve stenosis. (Arch Cardiol Mex 2003; 73:190-196).


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Infant , Male , Middle Aged , Catheterization , Pulmonary Valve Stenosis/therapy , Follow-Up Studies , Hospitals , Mexico , Time Factors
17.
Arq. bras. cardiol ; 62(4): 217-223, abr. 1994. ilus, tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-156264

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE--To report the data on the first 2 years (1992-1993) of activity of the National Registry of Cardiovascular Interventions (CENIC) of the Hemodynamic and Angiography Department (DHA) of the Brazilian Society of Cardiology (SBC). METHODS--The full members of the DHA of the SBC sent their data on seven types of interventions: balloon angioplasty (PTCA), mitral balloon valvoplasty (MBV), pulmonary balloon valvoplasty (PBV), aortic balloon valvoplasty (ABV), tricuspid balloon valvoplasty (TBV), aortic balloon dilation (AoB) and balloon dilation of pulmonary branches (PBB), to the CENIC. RESULTS--Ninety-seven interventional cardiologists and 71 hospitals in 14 states, participated in this data bank. During this time, 16,429 PTCA, 551 MBV, 347 PBV, 62 ABV, 61 AoB, 3 TBV and 3 PBB were registered. PTCA was therefore the most performed procedure (94 per cent); primary success rate was 89.7 per cent. As for the major complications, there were 2.5 per cent acute myocardial infarction; 0.8 per cent emergency bypass surgery and 1.8 per cent death. As for the other interventions, the primary success rate was 92.9 per cent for MBV, 88.5 per cent for PBV, 80.3 per cent for AoB, 72.6 per cent for ABV, 66.7 per cent for TBV with 0.54 per cent deaths for MBV patients and 3.23 per cent for ABV patients. CONCLUSION--The performance of the interventional cardiology in Brazil reflects the difusion of intervention methods in the main hospitals of the country. The results demonstrate a high efficacy and safety rate, characterizing an excellent performance


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Registries , Coronary Disease/therapy , Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary/statistics & numerical data , Aged, 80 and over , Brazil , Treatment Outcome , Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary/adverse effects , Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary/methods
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