Are there differences in the growth adaptation processes of growing and mature organism models of short bowel syndrome?

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to present an experimental model of short bowel syndrome (SBS) in weaning rats and to compare the adaptative mechanisms of the remaining bowel in weaning rats and adult animals by means of morphometric, histologic and molecular methods. METHODS: Twenty-four weaning rats were divided into 3 groups of 8 animals, one control group and two short bowel groups (euthanasia after 4 and 21 days), and were compared with similar adult groups. Morphometric evaluations of the animals and histopathological and molecular studies of the remaining bowel were performed. RESULTS: The weight of young rats increased after enterectomy, whereas that of adult rats decreased after enterectomy (p<0.0001). The ratio of intestinal length/body weight was significantly higher in weaning rats than in adults (p<0.002), showing that intestinal growth was more intense in weaning rats. Intestinal resection promoted increased thickness of the small bowel lamina propria (p=0.001) and reduced thickness of the colon lamina propria (p=0.04) in weaning rats relative to those in adults. In addition, intestinal resection promoted increased expression of the Bcl-xl gene (antiapoptotic) in adult animals compared with that in weaning rats (p=0.001). CONCLUSION: Morphometric, histological and molecular differences were shown in the adaptation processes of growing and mature organisms.

Short bowel syndrome: treatment options / Síndrome Intestino Curto: abordagens terapêuticas

Introduction: Short bowel syndrome (SBS) refers to the malabsorptive state that occurs following extensive intestinal resection and is associated with several complications. Methods: The research for this review was conducted in the Pubmed database. Relevant scientific articles dated between 1991 and 2015 and written in Portuguese, Spanish or English were selected. Results: Several therapies, including nutritional support, pharmacological options and surgical procedures have been used in these patients. Conclusions: Over the last decades new surgical and pharmacological approaches emerged, increasing survival and quality of life (QoL) in patients with SBS. All SBS patients ought to have an individualized and multidisciplinary care that promotes intestinal rehabilitation.

Introdução: A Síndrome do Intestino Curto (SIC) resulta da perda da capacidade de absorção do intestino após resseção intestinal extensa e está associada a diversas complicações. Métodos: Esta revisão foi realizada com base em artigos científicos originais pesquisados na base de dados MEDLINE via Pubmed, na língua portuguesa, inglesa e espanhola, com o limite temporal de 1991 a 2015. Resultados: O tratamento instituído pode ser a nível nutricional, farmacológico ou cirúrgico. Conclusões: Ao longo das últimas décadas surgiram novas abordagens terapêuticas cirúrgicas e não-cirúrgicas que melhoraram a sobrevivência e a qualidade de vida (QoL) destes pacientes. Deve-se estabelecer uma abordagem multidisciplinar e individualizada para garantir a melhor reabilitação.

Síndrome de intestino corto, un caso de readaptación intestinal / Short Bowel Syndrome, a Case of Intestinal Rehabilitation / Síndrome de intestino curto, um caso de readaptação intestinal

Presentación del caso: El objetivo de este artículo es presentar la experiencia exitosa del manejo multidisciplinario de una paciente con síndrome de intestino corto y falla intestinal con evolución a la adaptación intestinal. Se trata de una recién nacida prematura con atresia intestinal tipo IV, con múltiples atresias intestinales, quien evolucionó a la falla intestinal y requirió manejo con soporte nutricional parenteral prolongado, múltiples esquemas antibióticos, probióticos, multivitaminas, nutrición enteral con fórmula elemental, hasta lograr su adaptación intestinal y llevar a una dieta normal. La falla intestinal en estos pacientes es un reto para el equipo de salud, ya que no solo implica el manejo quirúrgico de su condición de base, si no del soporte nutricional, equilibrio hidroelectrolítico, disfunción hepática por colestasis, infecciones asociadas, etcétera. Discusión: El síndrome de intestino corto con evolución a la falla intestinal en niños es una condición, cuya prevalencia va en aumento en el ámbito mundial, gracias a los avances en el cuidado intensivo neonatal, cirugía neonatal y en el soporte nutricional de pacientes con condiciones como gastrosquisis, onfalocele y enterocolitis necrotizante. A pesar de las limitaciones del sistema de salud, es posible ofrecer un tratamiento multidisciplinario e integral para llevarlos hasta la adaptación intestinal.

Short bowel syndrome with progression to intestinal failure in children is a condition whose prevalence is increasing worldwide, thanks to advances in neonatal intensive care, neonatal surgery, and nutritional support of patients with conditions such as gastroschisis, omphalocele and enterocolitis. Objective: To present the successful experience of multidisciplinary management of a patient with short bowel syndrome and intestinal failure with progression to intestinal adaptation. Clinical case: A newly born premature with intestinal atresia type IV with multiple intestinal atresia, which evolved to intestinal failure and required management with prolonged parenteral nutritional support, multiple antibiotic schemes, prebiotics, multivitamins, enteral nutrition with elemental formula, in order to achieve their intestinal adaptation and enabling a normal diet. The evolution of these patients' intestinal failure is a challenge for the health team, as it not only involves the surgical management of the patient's condition, but the basic nutritional support, the fluid and electrolyte balance, hepatic dysfunction due to cholestasis associated infections, etc. Conclusion: Despite the limitations of our health care system, it is possible to offer a multidisciplinary and integrated treatment to lead to intestinal adaptation.

Caso clínico: O objetivo é apresentar a experiência de sucesso do manejo multidisciplinar de uma paciente com síndrome de intestino curto e falha intestinal com evolução à adaptação intestinal. Se trata de uma recém nascida prematura com atresia intestinal tipo IV com múltiplas atresias intestinais que evolucionou à falha intestinal e requereu manejo com suporte nutricional parental prolongado, múltiplos esquemas antibióticos, probióticos, multivitaminas, nutrição enteral com fórmula elementar, até conseguir sua adaptação intestinal e levar a uma dieta normal.A falha intestinal nestes pacientes é um desafio para a equipe de saúde, devido a que não só implica o manejo cirúrgico de sua condição de base, mas também do suporte nutricional, equilíbrio hidroeletrolítico, disfunção hepática por colestase, infeções associadas, etc. Discussão: a síndrome de intestino curto com evolução à falha intestinal em crianças é uma condição cuja prevalência vai em aumento a nível mundial, devido aos avanços no cuidado intensivo neonatal, cirurgia neonatal e no suporte nutricional de pacientes com condições como gastrosquise, onfalocele e enterocolite. Apesar das limitações de nosso sistema de saúde, é possível oferecer um tratamento multidisciplinar e integral para leva-los até a adaptação intestinal.

The Notch signaling pathway is involved in intestinal adaptation in a massive small bowel resection rat model / 重庆医学

Objective To investigate the role of Notch signaling in massive small bowel resection(MSBR)-associated crypt epi-thelial cell proliferation.Methods Male Sprague-Dawley rats were subj ected to sham operation(bowel transection and reanastomo-sis)or 70 % mid-SBR.Intestinal tissue samples were collected at 7 d after operation.The expression of Notch pathway mRNAs and proteins were analyzed by RT-PCR and Western blot.The expression of the Notch pathway proteins Jagged-1,NICD and Hes-1 also determined through immunohistochemical.Furthermore,IEC-6 cells were used to examine the function of the Jagged-1 signaling system.Results SBR increased crypt epithelial cell proliferation and increased expression of Jagged-1 and Hes-1 mRNA and protein along with cleaved Notch-1.Immunohistochemical staining showed that Jagged-1,cleaved Notch-1 and Hes-1 colocalized in the same crypt epithelial cell population.Recombinant Jagged-1 significantly stimulated the proliferation of IEC-6 cells.Conclusion The Jag-ged-1/Notch-1/Hes-1 signaling pathway is involve in intestinal adaptation through increase crypt epithelial cell proliferation.