The volumetric change of cranial cavity in the patients with craniosynostosis after fronto-orbital advancement / 中华整形外科杂志

Objective@#To assess the surgical outcome of fronto-orbital advancement (FOA)in the patients with craniosynostosis by quantitative analysis of the cranial volume using the three-dimensional digital technology.@*Methods@#From January 2010 to February 2016, 10 cases of craniosynostosis were included in the study. The average age of patients was 3.2 years (1 year old to 6.5 years old). All patients underwent modified FOA.Based on the uncompressed digital imaging and communications in medicine (DICOM) data of 3D cranial CT scan, the intracranial volume was measured by Proplan CMF 1.4.The average follow-up time was 23.6 months. We quantitatively analysed brain volume in ten patients with craniosynostosis, comparing with the normal data of age- and sex-matched healthy controls. Paired t tests were performed to compare mean value of the variables.@*Results@#The volume of intracranial cavity was(1 117.39 ± 105.83) ml before surgery and the preoperative volume of intracranial cavity in the control group was (1 251.37 ± 114.35) ml. The difference between the preoperative group and the preoperative control group was statistically significant(P=0.00030). The volume of intracranial cavity was (1 260.84 ± 122.08) ml after surgery. The volume was increased significantly after surgery(P=0.00002). There was no significant difference between the postoperative group and the preoperative control group(P=0.60000). The volume of intracranial cavity was (1 368.65 ± 94) ml at least one year follow-up and the cranial volume of the control group was (1 321.96 ± 80.21) ml. There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups(P=0.07000). There were statistically significant differences between the cranial volume at two weeks after operation and that of one year follow-up (P=0.00300). This result showed that the cranial vault and brain of patients grew and developed normally after FOA surgery.@*Conclusions@#Preoperative cerebral volume in the patients with craniosynostosis was lower than normal. The cranial volume has been effectively expanded and basically reached the normal level after fronto-orbital advancement. Especially, the intracranial volume maintained normal during follow-up.

Total Intracranial Volume Measurement for Children by Using an Automatized Program

OBJECTIVES: Total intracranial volume (TIV) is a major nuisance of neuroimaging research for interindividual differences of brain structure and function. Authors intended to prove the reliability of the atlas scaling factor (ASF) method for TIV estimation in FreeSurfer by comparing it with the results of manual tracing as reference method. METHODS: The TIVs of 26 normal children and 26 children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) were obtained by using FreeSurfer reconstruction and manual tracing with T1-weighted images. Manual tracing performed in every 10th slice of MRI dataset from midline of sagittal plane by one researcher who was blinded from clinical data. Another reseacher performed manual tracing independently for randomly selected 20 dataset to verify interrater reliability. RESULTS: The interrater reliability was excellent (intraclass coefficient = 0.91, p < 7.1e-07). There were no significant differences of age and gender distribution between normal and ADHD groups. No significant differences were found between TIVs from ASF method and manual tracing. Strong correlation between TIVs from 2 different methods were shown (r = 0.90, p < 2.2e-16). CONCLUSIONS: The ASF method for TIV estimation by using FreeSurfer showed good agreement with the reference method. We can use the TIV from ASF method for correction in analysis of structural and functional neuroimaging studies with not only elderly subjects but also children, even with ADHD.

Dimensions of the cranium and of the cranial cavity andintracranial volume in goats (Capra hircus LINNAEUS, 1758)

The aim of this project is to determine the dimensions of the cranium and the cranial cavity and the intracranialvolume in goats, using 64 adults. The dimensions of the cranium and cranial cavity were measured throughmetric tape and paquimeter, considering the intervals of the largest distances. To determine the intracranialvolume, balloons of latex were introduced in the cranial cavity, through the magnum foramen, later on, filledwith water that was transferred for graduate test tube. The average and the standard deviation of length, widthand height of the cranium, in millimeters, were respectively: 218.01 ± 6.96, 120.17 ± 10.01 and 108.14 ± 4.46.The average and the standard deviation of length, width, height, in millimeters, and of the volume of thecranial cavity, in cubic centimeters, were respectively: 109.31 ± 7.25, 61.36 ± 4.51, 63.85 ± 2.88 and119.31 ± 12.21. It was observed that, the width of the cranium possesses positive significant correlationswith the length (r = 0.6865), with the height (r = 0.5644) and with the intracranial volume (r = 0.5436).They were still established, positive significant correlations among the height of the cranial cavity, with thelength (r = 0.5682) and with the intracranial volume (r = 0.5473). Differences were evidenced between malesand females, in relation to the dimensions of the cranium and cranial cavity. There wasn’t difference of theintracranial volume in function of the sex of the goats.

Effects of Various Intracranial Volume Measurements on Hippocampal Volumetry and Modulated Voxel-based Morphometry

PURPOSE: To investigate the effects of various intracranial volume (ICV) measurement methods on the sensitivity of hippocampal volumetry and modulated voxel-based morphometry (mVBM) in female patients with major depressive disorder (MDD). MATERIALS AND METHODS: T1 magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data for 41 female subjects (21 MDD patients, 20 normal subjects) were analyzed. Hippocampal volumes were measured manually, and ICV was measured manually and automatically using the FreeSurfer package. Gray and white matter volumes were measured separately. RESULTS: Manual ICV normalization provided the greatest sensitivity in hippocampal volumetry and mVBM, followed by FreeSurfer ICV, GWMV, and GMV. Manual and FreeSurfer ICVs were similar in normal subjects (p = 0.696), but distinct in MDD patients (p = 0.000002). Manual ICV-corrected total gray matter volume (p = 0.0015) and Manual ICV-corrected bilateral hippocampal volumes (right, p = 0.014; left, p = 0.004) were decreased significantly in MDD patients, but the differences of hippocampal volumes corrected by FreeSurfer ICV, GWMV, or GMV were not significant between two groups (p > 0.05). Only manual ICV-corrected mVBM analysis was significant after correction for multiple comparisons. CONCLUSION: The method of ICV measurement greatly affects the sensitivity of hippocampal volumetry and mVBM. Manual ICV normalization showed the ability to detect differences between women with and without MDD for both methods.

An Evaluation by CT scanning of Intracranial Volume after Correction of Craniosynostosis

Craniosynostosis is the premature fusion of one or more sutures of either cranial vault or base. Fused sutures may impede normal growth of the calvaria, leading to characteristic skull deformities; Morphological craniosynostosis is classified descriptively. Being craniosynostosis uncorrected the deformity progresses continuously and causes an increase of intracranial pressure. The surgical involvement aims at the expansion of intracranial space as well as satisfactory achievement of craniofacial shape. Early surgical correction in infancy prevents the deformity from the further progression and possible associated complication of high intracranial pressure. A long period of follow-up is essential to asses the outcome of an effectiveness of the surgery. measurement of intracranial volume has been concerned in medical personnel and anthropologists for many years. A reliable and accurate measurements of the intracranial volume facilitates to make a diagnosis and treatment of craniosynostosis. Pre-and postoperative change of intracranial volume was evaluated with 3D CT scanning in 12 cases of craniosynostosis who underwent frontal advancement and total cranial vault remodeling. Increased intracranial volume is attributed to surgical release of craniosynostosis and natural growth.

Study on volume-pressure relationship during the progression of an acute intracranial space-occupying lesion in dogs / 第三军医大学学报

An inflatable liquid epidural balloon was used to simulate an intracranial space-occupying lesion.Two groups of dogs with 8 in each were employed.Under different conditions and time intervals,intracranial pressure(ICP)was continuously recorded,and pressure-volume index(PVI),volume-pressure response(VPR),and cerebrospinal fluid pulse pressure(CSFPP)were measured silmutaneously.It was found that PVI was in significant negative linear correlation with ICP,while VPR and CSFPP in significant positive linear correlation with IVP(P