A Case of Acute Recurrent Pancreatitis Caused by Branch Duct Type IPMN and Ampulla of Vater Adenoma with High Grade Dysplasia / 대한내과학회지

Acute pancreatitis is an inflammatory disease that can extend to extra-pancreatic tissues and distant organs. Detecting the underlying cause is important because it helps provide an appropriate treatment plan and improve prognosis. An underlying cause cannot be identified after initial evaluation in 10-30% of patients with acute pancreatitis, and they are diagnosed with idiopathic acute pancreatitis. Here, we report a case of a 77-year-old woman with acute recurrent pancreatitis caused by a branch duct-type intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm (IPMN) and an ampulla of Vater adenoma. Abdominal computed tomography and magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography revealed only IPMN. However, endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography revealed a mucosal abnormality of the ampulla of Vater. The mucosal abnormality was documented to be an ampulla of Vater adenoma with high-grade dysplasia.

A Case of Acute Recurrent Pancreatitis Caused by Branch Duct Type IPMN and Ampulla of Vater Adenoma with High Grade Dysplasia / 대한내과학회지

Acute pancreatitis is an inflammatory disease that can extend to extra-pancreatic tissues and distant organs. Detecting the underlying cause is important because it helps provide an appropriate treatment plan and improve prognosis. An underlying cause cannot be identified after initial evaluation in 10-30% of patients with acute pancreatitis, and they are diagnosed with idiopathic acute pancreatitis. Here, we report a case of a 77-year-old woman with acute recurrent pancreatitis caused by a branch duct-type intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm (IPMN) and an ampulla of Vater adenoma. Abdominal computed tomography and magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography revealed only IPMN. However, endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography revealed a mucosal abnormality of the ampulla of Vater. The mucosal abnormality was documented to be an ampulla of Vater adenoma with high-grade dysplasia.

Determination of Malignant and Invasive Predictors in Branch Duct Type Intraductal Papillary Mucinous Neoplasms of the Pancreas: A Suggested Scoring Formula

Prediction of malignancy or invasiveness of branch duct type intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm (Br-IPMN) is difficult, and proper treatment strategy has not been well established. The authors investigated the characteristics of Br-IPMN and explored its malignancy or invasiveness predicting factors to suggest a scoring formula for predicting pathologic results. From 1994 to 2008, 237 patients who were diagnosed as Br-IPMN at 11 tertiary referral centers in Korea were retrospectively reviewed. The patients' mean age was 63.1 +/- 9.2 yr. One hundred ninty-eight (83.5%) patients had nonmalignant IPMN (81 adenoma, 117 borderline atypia), and 39 (16.5%) had malignant IPMN (13 carcinoma in situ, 26 invasive carcinoma). Cyst size and mural nodule were malignancy determining factors by multivariate analysis. Elevated CEA, cyst size and mural nodule were factors determining invasiveness by multivariate analysis. Using the regression coefficient for significant predictors on multivariate analysis, we constructed a malignancy-predicting scoring formula: 22.4 (mural nodule [0 or 1]) + 0.5 (cyst size [mm]). In invasive IPMN, the formula was expressed as invasiveness-predicting score = 36.6 (mural nodule [0 or 1]) + 32.2 (elevated serum CEA [0 or 1]) + 0.6 (cyst size [mm]). Here we present a scoring formula for prediction of malignancy or invasiveness of Br-IPMN which can be used to determine a proper treatment strategy.

Predictive factors for invasive intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm of the pancreas

BACKGROUNDS/AIMS: Intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm (IPMN) of the pancreas has malignant potential. Predicting invasive IPMN has proven difficult and controversial. We tried to identify predictive factors for invasive IPMN. METHODS: Thirty six patients underwent resection for IPMN from February 2001 to July 2011. Clinicopathological features including demographic, imaging, microscopic, and serological findings were retrospectively reviewed. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was used to analyze sensitivity and specificity of all possible cut-off values for the diameter of the main pancreatic duct and mass size predicting invasive IPMN. Student t-test, chi-square test, and logistic regression were used for univariate and multivariate analysis. RESULTS: The mean age was 63.5+/-8.4 years. Males were more commonly affected (58.3% vs 41.7%). Pancreaticoduodenectomy was performed in 55.6% of patients, distal pancreatectomy in 36.1%, and central pancreatic resection in 8.3%. Non-invasive IPMNs were present in 80.6% (n=29), whereas invasive IPMNs were present in 19.4% (n=7). In univariate analysis, tumor location (p=0.036), Kuroda classification (p=0.048), mural nodule (p=0.016), and main duct dilatation (> or =8 mm) (p=0.006) were statistically significant variables. ROC curve analysis showed that a value of 8 mm for the main duct dilatation and a value of 35 mm for the size of the mass lesion have 80% sensitivity and 75% specificity and 100% sensitivity and 82.6% specificity, respectively. However, in multivariate analysis, main ductal dilatation (> or =8 mm) was identified to be the only independent factor for invasive IPMN (p=0.049). CONCLUSIONS: Main duct dilatation appears to be a useful indicator for predicting invasive IPMN.

Extrapancreatic Tumors in Intraductal Papillary Mucinous Neoplasm of the Pancreas / 대한소화기학회지

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm (IPMN) of the pancreas has a favorable prognosis, but seems to be associated with a high incidence of extrapancreatic tumors. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the incidence and clinicopathological features of extrapancreatic tumors associated with IPMN. METHODS: Thirty-seven patients with IPMN of the pancreas, confirmed by surgical resection and typical findings of endoscopic ultrasonography and CT imaging between October 1, 1998 and August 31, 2006 were included. Seventeen patients were diagnosed with surgical resection and biopsy, and others by typical imaging findings of IPMN. These patients were examined for the development of extrapancreatic tumors. RESULTS: Of 37 patients with IPMN, 14 (38%) had 18 extrapancreatic tumors, and 10 (27%) had 13 extrapancreatic malignancies. Five, six, and two extrapancreatic malignancies had diagnosed before during, and after the diagnosis of IPMN. Gastric adenocarcinoma (3 patients, 23%) and colorectal carcinoma (3 patients, 23%) were the most common neoplasms. Other extrapancreatic tumors included lung cancer (n=2), prostatic cancer (n=1), renal cell carcinoma (n=1), cholangiocelluar carcinoma (n=1), urinary bladder cancer (n=1), and gallbladder cancer (n=1), respectively. As benign tumor, there were two gallbladder adenoma, one gastric adenoma, one colonic adenoma and one benign ovarian cystic neoplasm, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: IPMN is associated with high incidence of extrapancreatic tumors, particularly gastric and colorectal neoplasms. Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy and colonoscopy should be done, and systemic surveillance for the possible occurrence of other tumors may allow early detection of extrapancreatic tumor in patients with IPMN.

Determination of Malignancy Predictors in Branch Duct TypeIntraductal Papillary Mucinous Neoplasms of the Pancreas

PURPOSE: Branch duct type intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (Br-IPMN) have better prognosis and lower malignancy rate than do main duct type IPMNs (M-IPMN). However, surgical resection is necessary when malignancy is suspected, and radical resection should be performed in cases of invasive IPMN. The objectives of this study were to investigate the characteristics of Br-IPMN and related predictive malignancy/invasiveness factors and to present a standardized scoring system for predicting pathologic results. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective review of 91 patients diagnosed with Br-IPMNs between 1998 and 2007. Mean patient age was 62.5+/-9.0 years. Eighty (87.9%) patients had benign IPMNs (17 adenoma, 63 borderline malignancy), and 11 (12.1%) patients had malignant IPMNs (4 carcinoma in situ, 7 invasive carcinoma). Eighty-four (92.3%) patients had noninvasive IPMN, and 7 (7.7%) patients had invasive IPMN. RESULTS: The size of the cystic mass and the presence and size of the mural nodule were found by univariate analysis to be significantly different between the benign and malignant groups. History of DM, size of the cystic mass, size of the mural nodule, and thickness of the cystic wall were significantly different between the noninvasive and invasive IPMN groups on univariate analysis. The regression coefficients for the size of the cystic mass and for the size and presence of the mural nodule were calculated using multivariate analysis, and the scores predicting malignant and invasive IPMN determined (P=0.001, P=0.000, respectively). CONCLUSION: There are no universally held guidelines for surgical management of Br-IPMN patients. Hence, many clinicians have difficulty deciding the specific character of the resection they will pursue. By using malignancy- and invasiveness-predicting scores, we expect that much of this difficulty can be avoided in the future.

Clinical Features and Outcomes of Invasive Intraductal Papillary Mucinous Neoplasm: Comparison with Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma

PURPOSE: Histologically, IPMN (intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm) includes various grades of lesion, from hyperplasia and adenoma to adenocarcinoma. The prognosis is different for each histological grade. The malignant IPMN contain in-situ and invasive carcinoma. The purpose of this study was to investigate the clinicopathologic features and outcome of invasive IPMN. METHODS: 18 patients with invasive IPMN underwent surgical treatment between October 1994 and December 2005 at Samsung Medical Center. The clinical, biochemical and pathologic features were retrospectively analyzed. Survival and the clinicopathologic features were compared between invasive IPMN and PDAC of the well differentiated type (wd, n=27) and carcinoma in-situ (CIS, n=10). RESULTS: The preoperative CA19-9 level and total bilirubin level of invasive IPMN patients was statistically higher than those of the CIS patients. The tumor size of invasive IPMN was larger than that of PDAC (wd) (P=0.038). The median survival of patients with invasive IPMN was 31.0 month. The 5-year survival rates of patients with PDAC (wd) and invasive IPMN were 35.5% and 41.7%, respectively (P= 0.237). CONCLUSION: there were no differences for invasive IPMN and PDAC (wd) except for tumor size. The survival in patients with surgical resected invasive IPMN was similar to that of the patients with surgical resected PDAC (wd).

Natural History of Branch-Duct Type Intraductal Papillary Mucinous Neoplasms of the Pancreas / 대한소화기학회지

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms of the pancreas (IPMNs) are consisted of two types; branch-duct type and main-duct type. Branch-duct type is more common and follows a better course than main-duct type. However, the natural history of branch-duct type IPMN has not been exactly verified yet. The aim of this study was to investigate the natural course of branch-duct type IPMN. METHODS: The medical records of 45 patients with branch-duct type IPMN diagnosed by pancreatogram were reviewed retrospectively. The mean age was 62.9+/-8.3 years old and the mean follow-up duration was 27.4+/-18.9 months. Demographic, clinical and radiologic characteristics were evaluated. The histological findings of specimens resected during the follow-up period were also analyzed. RESULTS: Ten (22.2%) out of 45 patients showed enlargement of the cysts during follow-up. Initial size of the cyst in patients with cyst enlargement were smaller than in patients without it in univariate analysis (p<0.01). Cysts less than 1.0 cm were significantly associated with cyst enlargement with odds ratio of 4.48 in multivariate analysis. Ten patients underwent surgical resection and pathologic examination revealed one carcinoma in situ and one invasive adenocarcinoma. The presence of mural nodule was associated with malignant change of IPMNs (p=0.02). None of unresected cases showed metastasis or disease-related death. CONCLUSIONS: Natural history of branch-duct type IPMNs is generally good. The occurrence of mural nodule is associated with the malignant change of the cyst but not the speed of size increment.