ABSTRACT
Monitoring with intraoperative Transesophageal Echocardiography (TEE) has proven to be a tool of very high utility for both control of the hemodynamic status, cardiac function and to make new diagnoses. It is a minimally invasive technique and, like any medical procedure, it is not exempt from complications that do not exceed 1%. These range from mild oropharyngeal lesions to the most serious lesion, esophageal perforation. We describe a case of esophageal perforation from the esophagogastric junction to the middle third of the esophagus in the intraoperative period of laparoscopic Nissen surgery. The injury was repaired immediately and the closure of the lesion was verified with pneumatic maneuvers through the nasogastric tube. The patient was discharged after 35 days
El monitoreo con Ecocardiografía Transesofágica intraoperatorio (ETE) ha demostrado ser una herramienta de muy alta utilidad tanto para control del estado hemodinámico, función cardíaca y para realizar nuevos diagnósticos. Se trata de una técica seiinvasiva y como todo procedimiento médico no está exento de complicaciones que no superan al 1%. Estas son desde lesiones leves orofaríngeas hasta la lesión más grave que es la perforación esofágica. Se describe un caso de perforación esofágica con desgrarro de éste desde la unión esofagogástrica hacia el tercio medio del esófago en el íntraoperatorio de cirugía de Nissen laparoscópico. La reparación de la injuria se realizó en forma inmediata y se comprobó con maniobras neumáticas a través de la sonda nasogástrica el cierre de la lesión. La paciente fue dada de alta a los 35 días.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Aged , Monitoring, Intraoperative/adverse effects , Echocardiography, Transesophageal/adverse effects , Esophageal Perforation/surgery , Esophageal Perforation/etiologyABSTRACT
RESUMEN La comunicación inter auricular es la segunda cardiopatía congénita después de la aorta bicuspide. Las mejoras en la técnica diagnosticas de imagen, así como el perfeccionamiento en los catéteres y dispositivos han convertido a esta técnica en el gold estándar. El uso del eco cardiograma por parte de anestesiólogos es de uso frecuente en el mundo y viene incrementándose en nuestro medio, en este caso se muestra la utilidad de la ecografía trans torácica y trans esofágica para el cierre de CIA en el laboratorio de hemodinamia, apoyados en la reconstrucción tridimensional.
ABSTRACT Inter-auricular communication is the second congenital heart disease after the bicuspid aorta. Improvements in imaging techniques as well as improvements in catheters and devices have made this technique the gold standard. The use of cardiogram echo by anesthesiologists is of frequent use in the world and is increasing in our environment, in this case the usefulness of trans thoracic and trans esophageal ultrasound for the closure of CIA in the laboratory of hemodynamics, supported in three-dimensional reconstruction.
RESUMO A comunicação interauricular é a segunda cardiopatia congênita após a aorta bicúspide. Melhorias nas técnicas de imagem, bem como melhorias nos cateteres e dispositivos fizeram desta técnica o padrão ouro. O uso de ecocardiograma por anestesiologistas é de uso frequente no mundo e está aumentando em nosso meio, neste caso a utilidade da ultrassonografia trans torácica e transesofágica para o fechamento da CIA no laboratório de hemodinâmica, apoiada na reconstrução tridimensional.
ABSTRACT
RESUMEN: Hemos analizado, mediante la descripción de 4 casos clínicos de cirugía de trasplante ortotópico hepático, las causas de inestabilidad hemodinámica mediante el uso intraoperatorio de ecocardiografía transesofágica. La identificación de la causa y el mecanismo preciso de la descompensación permitió el tratamiento adecuado de la complicación intraoperatoria.
ABSTRACT: We have analysed, through the description of 4 clinical cases of hepatic orthotopic transplant surgery, the causes of hemodynamic instability through the intraoperative use of transesophageal echocardiography. The identification of the cause and the precise mechanism of the decompensation allowed the adequate treatment of the intraoperative complication.
RESUMO: Hosedanalizado, através da descrição de 4 casos clínicos de cirugía de trasplante ortotópico hepático, as causas de inestabilidad hemodinámica mediante o uso intraoperatorio de ecocardiografía transesofágica. A identificação da causa e o mecanismo preciso da descompensação permitiu o tratamento adecuado da complicação intraoperatória.
ABSTRACT
<b>Background</b> : Perioperative care in congenital heart surgery has evolved in recent years, and it was considered a contributive factor to improve surgical outcome and prognosis. <b>Objective</b> : To extract perioperative clinical protocols that have been applied in our hospital, then assess their usefulness for better clinical outcome. <b>Methods</b> : We retrospectively reviewed our patients' records to analyze representative perioperative protocols that might have contributed to surgical outcome, such as intraoperative transesophageal echocardiography (ITEE), extubation in the operating room on patients of atrial septal defect (ASD), ventricular septal defect (VSD), tetralogy of Fallot (TOF), Glenn procedure and Fontan procedure. We also assessed clinical pathway of ASD and VSD, and each protocol was individually explored to calculate achievement ratio in order to show its adequacy. <b>Results</b> : This study included 482 of on-pump surgery patients and 146 of off-pump surgery patients from June 2007 to June 2014. ITEE was performed in 474 of on-pump surgery patients and 102 of off-pump surgery patients. No case had a residual lesion immediately after operation. Extubation in the operating room was performed in cases without severe pulmonary hypertension (PH). The extubation ratio was 94.7% (ASD repair), 60.0% (VSD repair), 50.0% (TOF repair), 42.5% (Glenn procedure), and 45.2% (Fontan procedure), respectively. Clinical pathways of ASD and VSD included patients without severe PH. Achievement ratio of the clinical pathway was 98.2% in ASD and 94.2% in VSD patients, respectively. Four patients were excluded because of high c-reactive protein (CRP), and one patient because of familial circumstance. <b>Conclusion</b> : ITEE was useful in evaluation of cardiac function, residual issue and residual air at weaning of cardiopulmonary bypass. Reintubation did not occur in any clinical course of extubation in the operating room, but the extubation rate was not high because of safety concerns. Achievement ratio of the clinical pathways of both ASD and VSD was more than 90%, therefore, application of the clinical pathway was considered appropriate.
ABSTRACT
A 65-year-old woman presented with a history of dyspnea and atypical chest pain. She was diagnosed with a non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction due to a giant right coronary artery aneurysm. After a failed percutaneous embolization, she was scheduled for right coronary artery aneurysm resection, posterior descending artery revascularization and mitral valve repair. During the induction of anesthesia and institution of mechanical ventilation, the patient suffered cardiovascular collapse. The transesophageal echocardiographic examination revealed tamponade physiology owing to compression of the cardiac chambers by the unruptured aneurysm, which resolved with the sternotomy. The surgery was carried out uneventfully.
Subject(s)
Aged , Coronary Aneurysm/surgery , Coronary Aneurysm/diagnostic imaging , Echocardiography, Transesophageal/methods , Female , Humans , Monitoring, IntraoperativeABSTRACT
Echocardiographic assessment of systolic left ventricular (LV) function in patients with severe mitral regurgitation (MR) undergoing mitral valve (MV) repair can be challenging because the measurement of ejection fraction (EF) or fractional area change (FAC) in pathological states is of questionable value. The aim of our study was to evaluate the usefulness of the pre-operative Tei Index in predicting left ventricular EF or FAC immediately after MV repair. One hundred and thirty patients undergoing MV repair with sinus rhythm pre- and post-operatively were enrolled in this prospective study. Twenty-six patients were excluded due to absence of sinus rhythm post-operatively. Standard transesophageal examination(IE 33,Philips,Netherlands) was performed before and after cardiopulmonary bypass according to the guidelines of the ASE/SCA. FAC was determined in the transgastric midpapillary short-axis view. LV EF was measured in the midesophageal four- and two-chamber view. For calculation of the Tei Index, the deep transgastric and the midesophageal four-chamber view were used. Statistical analysis was performed with SPSS 17.0. values are expressed as mean with standard deviation. LV FAC and EF decreased significantly after MV repair (FAC: 56±12% vs. 50±14%, P<0.001; EF: 58±11 vs. 50±12Έ P<0.001). The Tei Index decreased from 0.66±0.23 before MV repair to 0.41±0.19 afterwards (P<0.001). No relationship between pre-operative Tei Index and post-operative FAC or post-operative EF were found (FAC: r=−0.061, P=0.554; EF: r=−0.29, P=0.771). Conclusion: Pre-operative Tei Index is not a good predictor for post-operative FAC and EF in patients undergoing MV repair.
Subject(s)
Algorithms , Cardiac Surgical Procedures/adverse effects , Echocardiography, Doppler , Echocardiography, Transesophageal , Female , Fractional Flow Reserve, Myocardial/physiology , Hemodynamics/physiology , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Mitral Valve/surgery , Mitral Valve Insufficiency/surgery , Myocardial Contraction/physiology , Postoperative Period , Predictive Value of Tests , Preoperative Period , Software , Stroke Volume/physiology , Ventricular Function, Left/physiologyABSTRACT
We present two cases of dynamic left ventricular outflow tract obstruction in 2 patients who were undergoing living donor liver transplantation. On the preoperative transthoracic echocardiography, the first patient showed normal ventricular function and a normal wall thickness, but severe hemodynamic deterioration developed during the anhepatic period and this was further aggravated after reperfusion in spite of volume resuscitation and catecholamine therapy. Intraoperative transesophageal echocardiography revealed the systolic anterior motion of the mitral valve leaflet together with left ventricular outflow tract obstruction. The second patient showed left ventricular hypertrophy with left ventricular outflow tract obstruction on the preoperative echocardiography. Intraoperative transesophageal echocardiography was used to guide fluid administration and the hemodynamic management throughout the procedure and a temporary portocaval shunt was established to mitigate the venous pooling during the anhepatic period. The purpose of this report is to emphasize the clinical significance of dynamic left ventricular outflow tract obstruction in patients who are undergoing living donor liver transplantation and the role of intraoperative echocardiography to detect and manage it.