Primary intratesticular rhabdomyosarcoma: a rare aggressive childhood neoplasm

Testicular tumors are relatively uncommon in children. The tumors of germ cell origin are still frequently encountered. The pure embryonal rhabdomyosarcomas of testis, not associated with sarcomatous component of the germ cell tumor, is a very rare entity. It is a highly aggressive tumor of childhood and young adolescents. In testes, it arises commonly from paratesticular tissue; primary intratesticular being extremely rare. To the best of authors knowledge, only fifteen cases of primary pure intratesticular tumor have been reported in the literature so far. We report a case of eight-year-old child who presented with a progressive painless right testicular enlargement over two months. Ultrasonography showed a heterogenous intratesticular mass. High orchidectomy was performed. Histopathological examination of the specimen assisted with immunohistochemistry revealed embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma.

Quimiocastração com óleo essencial de Eugenia caryophyllata em cães / Canine chemical castration with Eugenia caryophyllata essential oil / Esterilización química con aceite Esencial de eugenia caryophyllata en perros

A esterilização química é uma técnica de esterilização que consiste na aplicação intratesticular de agentes esclerosantes, com o intuito de causar dano ao tecido testicular e, consequentemente, suprimir a atividade reprodutiva em animais do sexo masculino. Por ser uma técnica de rápida execução, de baixo custo e com baixos riscos de gerar complicações, vem sendo estudada como forma de esterilização em animais domésticos, especialmente pensando-se em sua utilização em larga escala. O presente estudo buscou avaliar a eficácia a médio prazo da quimiocastração com óleo essencial de cravo da índia. Doze cães adultos, sem raça definida, foram incluídos na pesquisa. Um grupo consistiu no grupo controle, o qual foi constituído de animais onde foi injetado 0,5 ml de solução fisiológica 0,9% em cada testículo, e outro, com a injeção de 0,5 mL de óleo essencial de cravo da índia em cada testículo. Foi possível observar histologicamente no grupo tratado que após 42 dias da quimiocastração houve a ocorrência de danos teciduais que geraram comprometimento da espermatogênese, o que não foi verificado no grupo controle. Apesar de o grupo tratado ter apresentado maior reação inflamatória dos testículos, as análises de cortisol e avaliação das escalas de dor permitiram constatar que não houve diferenças estatísticas entre o cortisol dos grupos controle e teste, e que a dor ocasionada pelo procedimento não atingiu um grau intenso, respectivamente. As análises bioquímicas das funções renal e hepática possibilitou verificar que, em ambos os grupos, não houve sinais de toxicidade para estes órgãos. Sendo assim, a sua utilização demonstrou-se eficaz e segura em causar supressão da atividade reprodutiva em cães machos, porém, mais estudos devem ser realizados de forma a verificar se os efeitos perduram em longo prazo.(AU)

Chemical castration is a sterilization technique consisting of intratesticular application of sclerosing agents with the intention of damaging the testicular tissue and, consequently, suppressing the reproductive activity in male animals. Since it is a fast-running, low-cost technique with low complication risks, it has been studied as a form of sterilization in pets, with special focus on a large-scale use. This study sought to evaluate the medium-term efficacy of clove essential oil as a chemical castration agent. Twelve adult dogs with no defined breed were included in the study. One group was considered the control group, which consisted of animals where 0.5 ml 0.9% saline solution was injected into each testicle. The other group was injected 0.5 ml clove essential oil in each testicle. It was possible to histologically observe in the treated group that after 42 days of the chemical sterilization there was the occurrence of tissue damages that generated spermatogenesis impairment, which was not verified in the control group. Although the treated group presented a greater inflammatory reaction of the testes, the cortisol analysis and evaluation of the pain scales showed that there were no statistical differences between the cortisol level of both groups, and that the pain caused by the procedure did not reach an intense degree, respectively. Biochemical analyzes of kidney and liver functions made it possible to verify that, in both groups, there were no signs of toxicity to these organs. Therefore, its use has been shown to be effective and safe in suppressing reproductive activity in male dogs. However, further studies should be carried out to verify if the effects persist in the long term.(AU)

La esterilización química es una técnica que consiste en la aplicación intratesticular de agentes esclerosantes, con el fin de causar daño al tejido testicular y, consecuentemente, suprimir la actividad reproductiva en animales del sexo masculino. Por ser una técnica de rápida ejecución, de bajo costo y con bajos riesgos de generar complicaciones, viene siendo estudiada como forma de esterilización en animales domésticos, especialmente pensando en su utilización a gran escala. El presente estudio buscó evaluar la eficacia a medio plazo de la esterilización química con aceite esencial del clavo de India. Doce perros adultos, sin raza definida, fueron incluidos en la investigación. Un grupo consistió en el grupo control, el cual fue constituido de animales donde se inyectó 0,5 ml de solución fisiológica 0,9% en cada testículo, y otro, con la inyección de 0,5 ml de aceite esencial del clavo de India en cada testículo. Se pudo observar histológicamente en el grupo tratado que, después de 42 días de la esterilización química hubo la ocurrencia de daños en tejidos que generaron comprometimiento de la espermatogénesis, lo que no fue verificado en el grupo control. A pesar de que el grupo tratado hubiera presentado mayor reacción inflamatoria de los testículos, los análisis de cortisol y evaluación de las escalas de dolor permitieron constatar que no hubo diferencias estadísticas entre el cortisol de los grupos control y prueba, y que el dolor ocasionado por el procedimiento no alcanzó un grado intenso, respectivamente. Los análisis bioquímicos de las funciones renal y hepática permitieron verificar que, en los grupos no hubo signos de toxicidad para estos órganos. Por lo tanto, su uso se demostró eficaz y seguro en causar supresión de la actividad reproductiva en perros machos, sin embargo, más estudios deben ser realizados para verificar si los efectos perduran a largo plazo.(AU)

Leiomiosarcoma intratesticular primario diagnosticado por biopsia hepática percutánea ecodirigida / Intratesticular Leiomyosarcoma Diagnosed by Percutaneous Liver Biopsy

Se presenta el caso clínico de un varón de 80 años diagnosticado de leiomiosarcoma testicular primario, a raíz de alteraciones del perfil hepático en analítica sanguínea y lesiones ocupantes de espacio (LOE) hepatoesplénicas en ecografía abdominal. En primer lugar, se realizó punción de lesión hepática y posteriormente orquiectomía radical, revelando concordancia histológica, compatible con leiomiosarcoma intratesticular. Presentamos el caso clínico debido a la rareza de ese tipo de tumores, sobre todo en estadio III, y su peculiar diagnóstico, tras la detección de alteración hepática tanto analítica como ecográfica

We present a case of an 80-year-old male diagnosed with primary testicular leiomyosarcoma due to the detection of hepatic profile analytical alterations and hepatosplenic space-occupying lesions in abdominal ultrasound. Puncture of hepatic lesion was performed first and radical orchiectomy later, revealing histological concordance, compatible with intratesticular leiomyosarcoma. We present the case due to the uncommon of this type of tumors, especially in stage III and its peculiar diagnosis, secondary of hepatic alteration, both analytic and ultrasound.

Primary Intratesticular Rhabdomyosarcoma-A Rare Case Report

Rhabdomyosarcoma is one of most frequent soft tissue sarcoma of skeletal muscle origin. It occurs predominantly in Head& Neck, Genitourinary tract and extremities. The majority of cases of rhabdomyosarcoma in the genitourinary tract occurs in the bladder and paratesticular organs Primary intratesticular Rhabdomyosarcoma is very rare, have aggressive growth pattern. A 15 years old male presented with painless right testicular swelling who underwent high inguinal orchidectomy and left testis appeared normal. Complete blood count , Serum alpha- fetoprotein (1ng/ml) and Beta Human chorionic gonadotropin(<2.39) are with in normal limits.X- ray{chest}reveals multiple variable sized nodules in bilateral lungs with right hilar lymphadenopathy.?Metastasis.HR-USG (scrotum) reveals ill-defined lobulated , heterogeneously hypoechoic, soft tissue mass with increased internal vascularity in the right scrotal region with multiple enlarged lymphnodes suggestive of neoplastic etiology. On histopathology diagnosis of rhabdomyosarcoma –Right testis was made., have aggressive growth pattern. The optimal management of paratesticular rhabdomyosarcoma remains unclear because of the rarity of the disease in adults.Radical orchidectomy with negative surgical margins followed by RPLND and chemotherapy is the recommended treatment. For the control of local recurrence and metastasis radiotherapy is recommended.The purpose of this article is to report a case of 15 years old male with primary intratesticular rhabdomyasarcoma which is very rare and our best knowledge few cases have been reported in the literature till now.

A rare case of intratesticular leiomyoma

A 47-year-old man presented with a scrotal swelling. Ultrasonography of the testes showed that it was an extratesticular swelling. However, the swelling was intraoperatively found to be intratesticular. Histology showed an intratesticular leiomyoma, which is extremely rare.

Adult intratesticular rhabdomyosarcoma:clinicopathologic analyses and review of literatures / 临床与实验病理学杂志

Purpose To study the clinicopathologic features, differential diagnosis, immunophenotype and treatment and prognosis of adult intratesticular rhabdomyosarcoma ( ITRMS) . Methods One case of adult ITRMS was analyzed by histology and immunohisto-chemistry, the date of treatment and prognosis through electronic medical record. The published relevant literatures were reviewed. Re-sults A 19-years old male patient was admitted to the hospital with a history of 2-months testicular painless enlargement. Testis ultra-sound examination and scrotal and abdominal CT revealed a mass in right testis. Macroscopic observation of the testis showed that a grey-white tumor. The tunica albuginea, epididymis and spermatic cord hadn’ t been invaded by the tumor. Microscopically, medium-size oval or round cells were arranged in sheets, and spindle-shaped, strap-like, large-circle cells were also presented. Few large cells had abundant granular eosinophilic cytoplasm with crossstriations under oil immersion objective. Immunohistochemically, the tumor cells were positive for vimentin, HHF35, desmin, MyoD1, Myogenin and h-Caldesmon protein, more than 50% neoplasm cells were positive. The rate of Ki-67 was 75%. Conclusions Adult ITRMS is rare. Histologically, embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma ( ERMS) is the most common type. They have highly invasive and poor prognosis. The accurate diagnosis depends on the combination of the histo-logic and immunohistochemical examination.

Generation of transgenic rabbits expressing swine PID1 by testicular injection / 中国实验动物学报

Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between phosphotyrosine interac-tion domain containing 1 ( PID1 ) gene and variation in intramuscular fat ( IMF ) content and the possibility to generate transgenic animals by testicular injection .Methods Expression vector pIRES2-acGFP-PID1 carrying pig PID1 gene was incubated with transfection reagents and injected into the testes of male New Zealand rabbits .We examined the F1 genera-tion by fluorescence detection , PCR, Western blotting and measuring the IMF content .The F1 generation gave birth to the F2 generation.Then we examined the F2 generation through detecting the positive rate and the IMF content .Results The exogenous PID1 gene and fluorescent protein gene were expressed at different levels both in the F 1 generation and the F2 generation, and the positive rates were 35.88%and 34.33%, respectively.The IMF content was significantly elevated (P<0.05) in the transgenic positive individuals compared with the negative ones and the control group , and the PID1 protein expression was similarly higher .Conclusions The results of this study demonstrate that PID 1 gene affects intramuscular fat content significantly .Moreover, the results of our analysis provide further evidence that transgenic animals can be gener -ated by testicular injection , and the exogenous gene can be inherited steadily .

Primary intratesticular pleomorphic leiomyosarcoma: A rare case report.

Intratesticular leiomyosarcoma is an extremely rare tumor of the genitourinary system. We report a case of intratesticular pleomorphic leiomyosarcoma in a 68-year-old male who presented with gradual painless enlargement of the right scrotal mass over a period of 1-2 years. Radiological examination revealed a right testicular tumor.Right radical orchiectomy was performed with high ligation of the spermatic cord. Histopathological examination along with immunohistochemistry confi rmed the diagnosis of a pleomorphic leiomyosarcoma of the testis. This is, to the best of our knowledge, the 13th case of primary intratesticular leiomyosarcoma and the third case of high-grade (pleomorphic) intratesticular leiomyosarcoma in an elderly male reported in the literature.

Ultrasound findings of benign intratesticular cystic lesions.

Ultrasonography (US) is usually the initial modality to evaluate pathological conditions of testes including benign intratesticular cysts. US allows characterization of intratesticular cysts and differentiation from a solid mass. A simple intratesticular cyst is usually not palpable in contrast to a peripherally located cyst of tunica albuginea. An epidermoid cyst has a classic onion-ring appearance. An intratesticular spermatocele communicates with the seminiferous tubules, whereas simple ectasia of the rete testis does not do so directly. Color doppler US is helpful to diagnose intratesticular varicocele and intratesticular abscesses.

Tumores testiculares bilaterais por hiperplasia congênita de restos adrenais / Bilateral testicular tumors caused by congenital adrenal rest hyperplasia

OBJETIVOS: Tumores testiculares são uma rara condição associada à hiperplasia adrenal congênita (HAC) que decorrem da hiperplasia de restos adrenais intratesticulares (HRA), raramente ocorrendo associados a neoplasias malignas. Sua diferenciação histológica com tumores de células de Leydig é muito difícil, podendo levar a orquiectomias desnecessárias. O objetivo deste relato foi apresentar esse dilema diagnóstico em um paciente com HAC e tumores testiculares bilaterais. MÉTODOS: Relatou-se o caso de um paciente masculino, 16 anos, com diagnóstico de HAC desde os 3 anos de idade, que apresentava tumorações testiculares endurecidas, indolores e de crescimento lento, sendo encaminhado para orquiectomia bilateral. RESULTADOS: Foi decidido por tratamento conservador com prednisona, havendo significativa diminuição do volume testicular e normalização dos níveis de andrógenos. CONCLUSÃO: Este caso demonstra a importância de sempre se considerar a hipótese de HRA intratesticulares no diagnóstico diferencial dos tumores testiculares. A investigação e a conduta devem ser conduzidas de maneira cautelosa para se evitar orquiectomias desnecessárias.

OBJECTIVES: Testicular tumors are a rare condition associated with congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH), originated from intratesticular adrenal rest tumors, and they are rarely associated with malignant tumors. Their histological differentiation from Leydig-cell tumors is quite difficult, which would lead to inappropriate orchiectomies. Thus the objective of this report was to present this diagnostic dilemma. METHODS: Reported the case of 16-yr-old boy with previous diagnosis of CAH with bilateral testicular enlargement who was recommended to be submitted to a bilateral orchiectomy. RESULTS: Considering this findings, it was decided to treat conventionally with prednisone with significant reduction of testicular volume, and normalization of androgens levels. CONCLUSION: This case shows the importance of intratesticular adrenal rest tumors in the differential diagnosis of testicular tumors. Cautious approach during investigation and treatment are recommended to avoid inappropriate orchiectomies.

Effect of intratesticular injection of xylazine/ketamine combination on canine castration

This study was performed to compare the effect of intratesticular (IT) injection of xylazine/ketamine combination for canine castration with those of intramuscular (IM) or intravenous (IV) injection. Xylazine and ketamine was administered simultaneously via intratesticularly (IT group), intramuscularly (IM group) or intravenously (IV group) at doses of 2 and 10 mg/kg, respectively. Pain response at the time of injection, mean induction time, mean arousal time, mean walking time and cardiopulmonary function during anesthesia were monitored after the xylazine and ketamine administration. In IV and IM groups, heart rates were significantly decreased 30 and 45 min after xylazine and ketamine administration, respectively (p < 0.05). Respiratory rates were significantly decreased in the IV group (p < 0.05). In the IT group, there was no significant changes in heart and respiratory rates. The occurrence of cardiac arrhythmias was less severe in IT group compared with those in IM and IV groups. The route of administration did not affect rectal temperature. Mean induction time was significantly (p < 0.05) longer in IT group than in IM and IV groups. On the contrary, mean arousal time and mean walking time were shortened in IT group. Clinical signs related to pain response at the time of injection and vomiting were less observed in IT group than in IM group, and head shaking was less shown in IT group than in IM and IV groups during recovery period. These results indicated that intratesticular injection of xylazine/ketamine for castration has several advantages such as less inhibition of cardiopulmonary function and fast recovery from anesthesia without severe complications, and would be an effective anesthetic method for castration in small animal practice.