ABSTRACT
Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between phosphotyrosine interac-tion domain containing 1 ( PID1 ) gene and variation in intramuscular fat ( IMF ) content and the possibility to generate transgenic animals by testicular injection .Methods Expression vector pIRES2-acGFP-PID1 carrying pig PID1 gene was incubated with transfection reagents and injected into the testes of male New Zealand rabbits .We examined the F1 genera-tion by fluorescence detection , PCR, Western blotting and measuring the IMF content .The F1 generation gave birth to the F2 generation.Then we examined the F2 generation through detecting the positive rate and the IMF content .Results The exogenous PID1 gene and fluorescent protein gene were expressed at different levels both in the F 1 generation and the F2 generation, and the positive rates were 35.88%and 34.33%, respectively.The IMF content was significantly elevated (P<0.05) in the transgenic positive individuals compared with the negative ones and the control group , and the PID1 protein expression was similarly higher .Conclusions The results of this study demonstrate that PID 1 gene affects intramuscular fat content significantly .Moreover, the results of our analysis provide further evidence that transgenic animals can be gener -ated by testicular injection , and the exogenous gene can be inherited steadily .
ABSTRACT
This study was performed to compare the effect of intratesticular (IT) injection of xylazine/ketamine combination for canine castration with those of intramuscular (IM) or intravenous (IV) injection. Xylazine and ketamine was administered simultaneously via intratesticularly (IT group), intramuscularly (IM group) or intravenously (IV group) at doses of 2 and 10 mg/kg, respectively. Pain response at the time of injection, mean induction time, mean arousal time, mean walking time and cardiopulmonary function during anesthesia were monitored after the xylazine and ketamine administration. In IV and IM groups, heart rates were significantly decreased 30 and 45 min after xylazine and ketamine administration, respectively (p < 0.05). Respiratory rates were significantly decreased in the IV group (p < 0.05). In the IT group, there was no significant changes in heart and respiratory rates. The occurrence of cardiac arrhythmias was less severe in IT group compared with those in IM and IV groups. The route of administration did not affect rectal temperature. Mean induction time was significantly (p < 0.05) longer in IT group than in IM and IV groups. On the contrary, mean arousal time and mean walking time were shortened in IT group. Clinical signs related to pain response at the time of injection and vomiting were less observed in IT group than in IM group, and head shaking was less shown in IT group than in IM and IV groups during recovery period. These results indicated that intratesticular injection of xylazine/ketamine for castration has several advantages such as less inhibition of cardiopulmonary function and fast recovery from anesthesia without severe complications, and would be an effective anesthetic method for castration in small animal practice.