Participation of Clinical Pharmacists in the Management of Drug Therapy for Fetal Tachycardia Treated by Oral Administration of Digoxin through Mother / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE：To investigate the ro le of clinical pharmacists in the therapy of fetal tachycardia by oral administration of digoxin through mother. METHODS ：The clinical pharmacists participated in the whole process of drug therapy for a pregnant woman with fetal tachycardia. According to 31+6 weeks of gestation ，the fetal heart rate of 230 beats/min at admission，clinical pharmacists provided the suggestion for the doctor about the safety and blood concentration determination of digoxin in the treatment of fetal tachycardia by mother. The patient ’s blood potassium value was lower than the normal range ，and it was suggested that potassium should be supplemented before digoxin was used ，and the initial dose of digoxin was 0.5 mg per 12 h. On the 7th day in the hospital ，the dosage of digoxin should be adjusted to maintaining dose （0.25 mg per 12 h）；on the 11th day in the hospital ，the patient ’s blood sodium value was low ，and the clinical pharmacists gave diet guidance. At the same time ， the clinical pharmacists explained the adverse reactions of digoxin to the doctors ，nurses and patients ，and closely observed and educated the patients. RESULTS ：Doctors adopted the suggestions of the clinical pharmacists. The fetal heart rate decreased to 180 beats/min from hospital after 13 days of treatment. The maternal digoxin concentration remained stable. No adverse drug reactions occurred in the mother and infant. CONCLUSIONS ：Maternal and child safety should be taken into account in the medication of pregnant patients. The clinical pharmacists assisting doctors to formulate medication strategying ，and carrying out pharmaceutical care for patients ，can ensure the effectiveness and safety of medication for fetal tachycardia.

Congenital complete atrioventricular heart block in a pregnant woman with sjögren syndrome: prenatal care follow-up and the challenge of intrauterine treatment / Bloqueio atrioventricular completo congênito em uma mulher grávida com síndrome de Sjögren: seguimento pré-natal e desafio do tratamento intrauterino

Abstract The present report describes a case of complete atrioventricular block (CAVB) diagnosed at 25 weeks of gestation in a pregnant woman with Sjögren's syndrome and positive anti-Ro/SSA antibodies. Fluorinated steroids (dexamethasone and betamethasone) and terbuline were used to increase the fetal heart rate, but the fetal heart block was not reversible, and the administration of drugs was discontinued due to maternal collateral effects. Follow-up fetal echocardiograms were performed, and the fetus evolved with pericardial effusion, presence of fibroelastosis in the right ventricle, and ventricular dysfunction. Interruption of pregnancy by cesarean section was indicated at 34 weeks of gestation, and a cardiac pacemaker was implanted in the male newborn immediately after birth. Therapy for fetuses with CAVB is controversial mainly regarding the use or not of corticosteroids; however, monitoring of the atrioventricular interval by fetal echocardiography should be performed in fetuses from pregnant women with positive autoantibodies anti-Ro/SSA and/or anti-La/SSB to prevent the progression to CAVB.

Resumo Este relato descreve um caso de bloqueio atrioventricular completo (BAVC) diagnosticado com 25 semanas de gestação em uma mulher com síndrome de Sjögren e anticorpos anti-Ro/SSA positivos. Esteroides fluoretados (dexametasona e betametasona) e terbulina foram utilizados para aumentar a frequência cardíaca fetal, mas o bloqueio cardíaco fetal não foi reversível, e a administração dos medicamentos foi interrompida devido a efeitos colaterais maternos. Ecocardiogramas fetais de acompanhamento foram realizados, e o feto evoluiu com derrame pericárdico, presença de fibroelastose no ventrículo direito, e disfunção ventricular. A interrupção da gravidez por cesariana foi indicada com 34 semanas, e um marca-passo cardíaco foi implantado no recém-nascido do sexo masculino imediatamente após o nascimento. A terapia para fetos com BAVC é controversa, principalmente no que diz respeito ao uso ou não de corticosteroides; no entanto, o monitoramento do intervalo atrioventricular pela ecocardiografia fetal deve ser feito em fetos de mulheres grávidas com autoanticorpos positivos anti-Ro/SSA e/ou anti-La/SSB para impedir a progressão para o BAVC.

Cirugía fetal: hernia diafragmática congénita presentación de caso / Fetal surgery: congenital diaphragmatic hernia: case presentation

Introducción: la hernia diafragmática congénita es una malformación que resulta de la fusión incompleta de la membrana pleuroperitoneal, ocurre en alrededor de 1 / 2.000-5.000 recién nacidos vivos y es causa por lo general de síntomas severos de insuficiencia respiratoria e hipertensión arterial pulmonar en los niños de este grupo de edad. El tratamiento se basa en mantener las mejores condiciones respiratorias en el niño mediante manejo de terapia intensiva neonatal y una vez que se logra este objetivo, se debe proceder con la corrección quirúrgica del defecto anatómico. Desafortunadamente, a pesar del avance en el manejo respiratorio del recién nacido gravemente enfermo, la mortalidad por este padecimiento se reporta por arriba de 75%. Se han determinado diversos factores pronósticos prenatales que confirman su severidad y la inviabilidad de estos fetos. La oclusión de la tráquea fetal en modelos animales con HDC inducida y en el feto humano evidenció desarrollo y crecimiento pulmonar. La oclusión traqueal fetal ofrece esperanzas vitales para estos casos de HDC severa que con el tratamiento convencional tienen una mortalidad cercana al 100%. Es necesaria una serie más amplia para obtener conclusiones definitivas. El principal enemigo de la cirugía fetal es el trabajo de parto prematuro y la rotura prematura de membranas. El acceso fetoscópico y la tocolisis reducen la incidencia de esta eventualidad. Caso clínico: presentamos dos casos clínicos de recién nacidos con hernia diafragmática de lado izquierdo que permitió el paso de la mayoría de las vísceras abdominales hacia el tórax con síntomas leves de falla respiratoria.

Introduction: congenital diaphragmatic hernia results from the incomplete fusion of the pleuroperitoneal membrane and occurs with a frequency of about ½.000-5.000 live-births. Despite advances in neonatal intensive care and surgery, mortality varies from one institution to another and may be above 75%. There are some prenatal prognostic factors that assess the CDH severity and thus, the fetal viability. Fetal tracheal occlusion (TO) in experimental animal CDH models, and in human fetuses induce lung growth. Fetal TO offers a better outcome for patients with severe CDH that otherwise would have a 100% mortality rate despite the advanced postnatal care. A greater number of cases are needed to obtain stronger conclusions. The major enemies of fetal surgery are the premature rupture of membranes and the preterm labor. Fetoscopic approach and tocolysis could help preventing these eventualities. Case study: we present the cases of two newborn babies with left- sided diaphragmatic hernia that allowed the passage of most of the abdominal viscerae into the thorax with only mild symptoms of respiratory failure. Keywords: diaphragmatic hernia, fetal surgery, intrauterine treatment, fetoscopy, tracheal occlusion.

Resultados actualizados en el tratamiento por fetoscopía del síndrome de transfusión feto fetal en Clínica Alemana de Santiago / Results in fetoscopy-guided treatment of twin to twin transfusion syndrome in Clinica Alemana

Twin to twin transfusion syndrome diagnosed before 26 weeks has 90 percent mortality and occurs in 15 percent of monochorionic twin pregnancies. Treatment is complex as a screening program, referral, complex surgical procedure and specialized perinatal care are required. The objective is to report the recent results in fetoscopy-guided treatment of TTTS cases in Clínica Alemana. Results: 18 new cases were treated in the latest 2 years, in a series of 36 cases from 2005. Survival of one or both twins was 72.8 percent in the first 18 cases, and 77.8 percent in the latest 18 cases. The number of cases with both survivors increased from 5/18 to 7/18. Conclusions: The outcome was similar to that reported from international series. The results are better in the later cases, according to the increasing experience in our center.

Antecedentes: El Síndrome de Transfusión Feto Fetal (STFF) diagnosticado antes de las 26 semanas tiene una mortalidad de 90 por ciento y se afecta el 15 por ciento de los gemelares monocoriales. El manejo es complejo dado que requiere un proceso de diagnostico en los centros de atención, un proceso de derivación, la cirugía y el manejo perinatal especializado posterior. Objetivo: Actualizar el resultado del tratamiento por fetoscopía en Clínica Alemana de Santiago (CAS) en los casos recientemente tratados. Resultados: Desde 2005 hasta la fecha se han tratado 36 casos con sus embarazos resueltos. La sobrevida de al menos un feto fue 77,8 por ciento en los últimos 18 casos, mostrando una mejora en relación a los primeros (72,8 por ciento). El número de embarazos con ambos fetos vivos aumento de 5 a 7. Conclusiones: El resultado materno-perinatal es similar a las series internacionales y muestran una mejora progresiva en la sobrevida en la serie tratada. Los resultados favorables se mantienen a largo plazo y se consolidan en beneficio de las pacientes.

Tratamiento por fetoscopia del síndrome de transfusión feto fetal en Clínica Alemana de Santiago / Fetoscopy guided laser coagulation for twin to twin transfusion syndrome

Antecedentes: El síndrome de transfusión feto fetal (STFF) afecta el 15 por ciento de los gemelares monocoriales y tiene una mortalidad de 90 por ciento cuando se diagnostica antes de las 26 semanas. Objetivo: Evaluar el resultado perinatal mediante fotocoagulación con láser por fetoscopia, de las anastomosis vasculares placentarias en pacientes con STFF. Método: Fotocoagulación láser por fetoscopia de 18 casos de SFF tratados en Clínica Alemana de Santiago entre los años 2005-2008. Resultados: 72,8 por ciento de los embarazos concluyeron con al menos un niño vivo. No se requirió una nueva fetoscopia en ningún caso. No hubo rotura de membranas posprocedimiento en pacientes previamente asintomáticas. No se ha presentado daño neurológico en los niños sobrevivientes. Conclusiones: El resultado materno-perinatal es similar a las series internacionales y demuestra la factibilidad de este procedimiento de ser realizado en nuestro país por profesionales capacitados.

Background: Twin to twin transfusion syndrome (TTTS) occurs in 15 percent of monochorionic twins and has a 90 percent mortality when diagnosed before 26 weeks. Objective: To evaluated the perinatal outcome following fetoscopy guided laser coagulation of placental anatomoses. Method: Retrospective analysis of 18 cases treated in Clinica Alemana, between 2005 and 2008. Results: 72.8 percent of the pregnancies had at least one survivor at neonatal discharge. No case needed a second fetoscopy. There was no rupture of the membranes in patients without symptoms before surgery. There were no neurological sequels in survivors. Conclusions: The maternal and perinatal outcome is similar to international series and demonstrates feasibility in our country by experienced operators.

Nonimmune hydrops fetalis: clinical characteristics and prognostic factors of neonatal survival / 대한산부인과학회잡지

OBJECTIVE: We undertook this study to find out clinical characteristics and prognostic factors of neonatal survival in nonimmune hydrops fetalis (NIHF). METHODS: From Oct. 1988 to Feb. 2001, 54 cases of nonimmune hydrops fetalis diagnosed at Seoul National University Hospital (SNUH) were included in our study. The incidence and perinatal mortality were investigated. The diagnostic work-up for associated conditions (or etiology) included detailed ultrasonography, karyotyping, fetal echocardiography, infection work-up (TORCH, parvovirus), and autopsy (if fetus was dead). Among 54 cases, 20 cases of liveborns were divided into two groups. Group I survived beyond neonatal period (survived>28 days) and group II did not (expired3 (OR=21, CI 1.77, 248.1; p3 (p<0.01). CONCLUSION: Over 3 of 1-min and 5-min AS were meaningful factors for neonatal survival in NIHF.