El bajo peso al nacer y su relación con la hipertensión arterial en el embarazo / The low birth weight and its relation to the high blood pressure in pregnancy

La preeclampsia es una de las complicaciones más comunes del embarazo y con frecuencia, se asocia al bajo peso al nacer. OBJETIVOS: Determinar la relación existente entre el bajo peso al nacer y el antecedente materno de preeclampsia. Describir el tipo de hipertensión arterial. Establecer la relación entre las variables maternas: edad, paridad, la edad gestacional al parto y las complicaciones maternas con la valoración nutricional del recién nacido. Identificar la morbilidad del recién nacido bajo peso. MÉTODOS: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo, longitudinal y retrospectivo de las madres portadoras de trastornos hipertensivos del embarazo que tuvieron recién nacidos de bajo peso en el periodo comprendido entre el 1ro. de enero y el 30 de junio de 2009. El universo estuvo integrado por 75 recién nacidos de bajo peso y la muestra por 23 neonatos cuyas madres tenían el antecedente de hipertensión arterial o padecieron un trastorno hipertensivo durante el embarazo. Variables: tipo de hipertensión arterial, edad materna, paridad, edad gestacional al parto, valoración nutricional del recién nacido, complicaciones maternas y neonatales. RESULTADOS: La preeclampsia agravada constituyó la forma más frecuente de hipertensión (39,1 por ciento) y predominó la nuliparidad (38,5 por ciento). La adolescencia no constituyó un factor de riesgo en nuestro estudio (8,7 por ciento). El 60,9 por ciento de los neonatos de bajo peso estudiados presentaron restricción del crecimiento intrauterino asimétrico. La morbilidad materna y neonatal fue baja. CONCLUSIONES: Se halló una relación entre la existencia de preeclampsia agravada y el bajo peso al nacer

Pre-eclampsia is one of commonest complications of pregnancy and frequently is associated with a low birth weight. OBJECTIVES: to determine the relation between the low birth weight and the mother pre-eclampsia history, to describe the type of high blood pressure, to establish the relation between the mother variables: age, parity, gestational age at labor and the mother complications with the nutritional assessment of newborn and to identify the morbidity of the low birth weight newborn. METHODS: A retrospective, longitudinal and descriptive study was conducted in the mothers with pregnancy hypertensive disorders that gave birth to low birth weight newborns over the period between January 1 and June 30, 2009. Universe included 75 low birth weight newborns and 23 neonates whose mothers had a history of high blood pressure or had a hypertensive disorder during pregnancy. Vafriables included: type of high blood pressure, mother age, parity, gestational age at labor, nutritional assessment of the newborn, mother and neonatal complications. RESULTS: The severe pre-eclampsia was the more frequent presentation of high blood pressure (39.1 percent) with predominance of nulliparity (38.5 percent). Adolescence was not a risk factor in our study (8.7 percent). The 60.9 percent of low birth weight neonates had a asymmetrical intrauterine growth restriction. Mother and neonate morbidity was low. CONCLUSIONS: There was a relation between the severe pre-eclampsia presence and the low birth weight

Classificação do recém-nascido e implicações clínicas no desenvolvimento neurológico: aspectos relacionados ao peso ao nascimento / Classification of the neonate and clinical implications on the neurological development: birth weight aspects

O lactente nascido pequeno para a idade gestacional tem sido alvo de pesquisas sobre desenvolvimento por ser considerado um modelo de desnutrição em idade mais precoce. A preocupação com o seu desenvolvimento esta fundamentada nos resultados encontrados em experimentos com animais submetidos a desnutrição intra-uterina que demonstraram diminuição no número de células do sistema nervoso central, das décadas de 1960 e 70. A interpretação dos dados e sua relação com morbidade neurológica, portanto, dependem da classificação correta quanto a nutrição. Esta revisão de literatura tem como objetivo analisar aspectos relacionados a classificação de recém-nascidos quanto ao peso ao nascimento e as implicações clínicas no âmbito do desenvolvimento neurológico.

The small for gestational age infants have been subject of many researches about development, being considered as a model for earlier malnutrition. The concern about their development is based on the results of experiences during the 1960' and 70' in animals submitted to intrauterine malnutrition which showed reduction of the number of central nervous system cell. Therefore, data analysis and the relation to some neurological morbidity depend upon a correct classification about nutrition. The objective of this review is to analyze aspects of the newborns' classification concerning birth weight and its clinical implications on the neurological development.