COMPARISON OF PERSONALITY TRAITS AMONG DIFFERENTLY ABLED PERSONS

An attempt has been made to investigate the personality traits namely neuroticism introversion and dominance among the differently abled persons and compare them in respects to the variables. Among differently abled persons, hearing impaired, visually impaired and orthopedically impaired (individuals having orthopedically defects in upper limbs) persons are taken under consideration. Forty subjects of each category namely hearing impaired, visually impaired and orthopedically impaired students were selected within the age range of twelve to eighteen years for the study. Personality characteristics were measured Burn-Reuter Modi?ed Personality Inventory. The data were analyzed through the statistic of Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). The results indicated that the visually impaired persons were superior in neuroticism and introversion than hearing impaired and orthopedically impaired persons. Again orthopedically impaired persons were superior in neuroticism and introversion than hearing impaired persons. On the other hand, hearing impaired persons had higher score than orthopedically impaired and visually impaired persons in respect to dominance.

Risk Factors for Difficult Sedation-free Colonoscopy / 胃肠病学

Background: Colonoscopy has been widely applied in clinic because of its value in screening, diagnosis and treatment of colorectal diseases. Discomfort and pain account for a great part of incomplete intubation during sedation-free colonoscopy. Aims: To identify the predictive factors for difficult sedation-free colonoscopy. Methods: Patients aged 18-80 years old undergone sedation-free colonoscopy at the Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University from January to December in 2017 were enrolled. The clinical data and medical history were collected. Each patient completed the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (EPQ) with the help of nurse before colonoscopy. Sedation-free colonoscopy was performed by experienced endoscopist. The Ottawa bowel preparation scale and Visual Analog Scale were used to evaluate the quality of bowel cleansing and pain during the procedure. Results: The total cecum intubation rate was 97.1% (198/204), and 192 patients completing the EPQ were enrolled for analyses. Twenty-four patients had a difficult colonoscopy (intubation time prolonged to >10 min). By univariate analysis, gender, age, body mass index (BMI), history of surgery, pain level and score of Extraversion-Introversion Scale of EPQ (EPQ-E) were associated with difficulty during colonoscopy (all P<0.05). Multivariate analysis revealed that history of pelvic surgery was a risk factor for difficult colonoscopy (OR=6.833, 95% CI: 2.396-19.488, P<0.001), whereas overweight (OR=0.190, 95% CI: 0.038-0.962, P=0.045) and score of EPQ-E ranged from 8-15 (OR=0.367, 95% CI: 0.150-0.896, P=0.028) were protective factors. Conclusions: History of pelvic surgery, lower BMI and extraversion or introversion personality may increase the difficulty during sedation-free colonoscopy. EPQ-E might be used for selecting candidates of sedation-free colonoscopy when it is performed by an inexperienced endoscopist.

Extraversion/introversion and age-related differences in speed-accuracy tradeoff / Diferenças de extroversão/introversão e idade na troca velocidade-precisão / Diferencias de extroversión/introversión y edad en el cambio velocidad-precisión

ABSTRACT Introduction: Extraversion/introversion and age differences might influence speed-accuracy tradeoff. Objective: The speed-accuracy tradeoff was investigated in extroverted and introverted female children, young adults and older adults. Method: Participants carried out an alternative version of Fitts' task, which involved making alternate clicks with the mouse held in the dominant hand, moving as fast as possible, on two rectangular targets on a computer screen in order to make twelve attempts at six random levels of difficulty (twelve combinations of target widths and distances between targets). Each of the three groups was composed of 16 introverted and 16 extroverted subjects, based upon Brazilian versions of Eysenck's questionnaire. Results: Elderly introverts fell short of the target more often and committed more overall errors than the elderly extroverts. Additionally, compared to their younger adult counterparts, the elderly subjects fell short of the target more often and committed more overall errors, besides taking longer to complete the task with higher levels of difficulty. Conclusion: The findings were interpreted in light of theories designed to explain the main processes underlying extroversion/introversion and age-related differences. Level of Evidence II; Lesser quality prospective study.

RESUMO Introdução: Diferenças de extroversão/introversão e idade podem influenciar na troca velocidade-precisão. Objetivo: A troca velocidade-precisão foi investigada em garotas, jovens adultas e idosas extrovertidas e introvertidas. Método: As participantes realizaram uma versão alternativa da tarefa de Fitts, a qual consistia em clicar alternadamente com a mão dominante no mouse, o mais rápido possível, em dois alvos retangulares na tela do computador, a fim de fazer doze tentativas em seis níveis aleatórios de dificuldade (doze combinações de larguras e distâncias entre os alvos). Cada um dos três grupos era composto por 16 introvertidas e 16 extrovertidas, com base nas versões brasileiras do questionário de Eysenck. Resultados: As idosas introvertidas acertaram menos o alvo com mais frequência e cometeram mais erros gerais em comparação às idosas extrovertidas. Ainda, as idosas acertaram menos o alvo com mais frequência e cometeram mais erros gerais, além de demorarem mais tempo para concluírem as tarefas com níveis maiores de dificuldade quando comparadas com as jovens adultas. Conclusão: Os achados foram interpretados com base nas teorias criadas para explicarem os principais processos sobre as diferenças relacionadas à extroversão/introversão e à idade. Nível de Evidência II; Estudo prospectivo de menor qualidade.

RESUMEN Introducción: Las diferencias de extroversión/introversión y edad pueden influir en el cambio velocidad-precisión. Objetivo: El cambio velocidad-precisión fue investigado en mujeres jóvenes adultas y de la tercera edad introvertidas y extrovertidas. Método: Las participantes realizaron una versión alternativa de la tarea de Fitts, que consistía en hacer clic alternadamente con el ratón, usando la mano dominante, lo más rápidamente posible, en dos objetos rectangulares en la pantalla de la computadora, a fin de realizar doce tentativas con seis niveles aleatorios de dificultad (doce combinaciones de anchos y distancias entre los objetos). Cada uno de los tres grupos fue compuesto por 16 introvertidas y 16 extrovertidas, con base en las versiones brasileñas del cuestionario de Eysenck. Resultados: Las mujeres de tercera edad introvertidas acertaron menos el objeto con más frecuencia y cometieron más errores generales en comparación a las mujeres de tercera edad extrovertidas. Además, las mujeres de tercera edad acertaron menos el objeto con más frecuencia y cometieron más errores generales, además de demorar más tiempo para concluir las tareas con niveles mayores de dificultad cuando comparadas con las mujeres jóvenes adultas. Conclusión: Los hallazgos fueron interpretados con base en las teorías creadas para explicar los principales procesos sobre las diferencias relacionadas a la extroversión/la introversión y a la edad. Nivel de Evidencia II; Estudio prospectivo de menor calidad.

Study on personality traits of patients with functional dyspepsia / 中华消化杂志

Objective To explore the personality traits of patients with functional dyspepsia (FD) . Methods From October 2016 to May 2017 ,80 patients with FD who were admitted to the Department of Gastroenterology ,Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University were enrolled ,among them 40 patients were in the depression and anxiety group and 40 patients were in the non depression or anxiety group .In addition ,40 healthy controls who underwent physical examination at the same period were included .Four dimensions including extroversion ,neuroticism ,psychoticism and masking of the subjects were analyzed by Eysenck personality questionnaire and their personality traits were evaluated .T-test and chi-square test were performed for statistical analysis .Results The extroversion scores of the depression and anxiety group ,the non depression or anxiety group and the healthy control group were 8 .18 ± 3 .80 , 8 .65 ± 4 .16 and 10 .95 ± 3 .40 ,respectively ;and the scores of the depression and anxiety group and the non depression or anxiety group were both lower than that of the healthy control group , and the differences were statistically significant (t= -3 .443 and -2 .708 ,both P< 0 .01) .The neuroticism scores of the depression and anxiety group ,the non depression or anxiety group and the healthy control group were 16 .23 ± 4 .65 ,13 .58 ± 4 .54 and 13 .23 ± 4 .64 ,respectively ;the neuroticism score of the depression and anxiety group was higher than those of the non depression or anxiety group and the healthy control group ,and the differences were statistically significant (t=2 .579 and 2 .887 ,both P< 0 .05);however there was no statistical significant difference between the non depression or anxiety group and the healthy control group (P>0 .05) .The psychoticism scores of the depression and anxiety group ,the non depression or anxiety group and the healthy control group were 7 .30 ± 3 .16 ,5 .93 ± 2 .50 and 4 .93 ± 1 .87 ,respectively ;the psychoticism score of the depression and anxiety group was higher than those of the non depression or anxiety group and the healthy controls , and the differences were statistically significant (t=2 .158 and 4 .086 ,both P<0 .05);and the score of the non depression or anxiety group was higher than that of the healthy control group ,and the difference was statistically significant (t=2 .027 ,P= 0 .046) .The masking scores of the depression and anxiety group ,the non depression or anxiety group and the healthy control group were 13 .48 ± 4 .24 ,11 .68 ± 4 .64 and 11 .10 ± 3 .93 , respectively ,the score of the depression and anxiety group was higher than that of the healthy control group ,and the difference was statistically significant (t= 2 .598 , P= 0 .011) . The percentages of introversional personality of the depression and anxiety group ,the non depression or anxiety group and the healthy control group were 30 .0％ (12/40 ) ,30 .0％ (12/40 ) and 7 .5％ (3/40 ) , respectively ;the percentages of the depression and anxiety group and the non depression or anxiety group were both higher than that of the healthy control group ,and the differences were statistically significant (both χ2 =5 .251 , P=0 .022) .The percentages of psychotic personality of the depression and anxiety group ,the non depression or anxiety group and the healthy control group were 77 .5％ (31/40) ,65 .0％ (26/40) and 45 .0％ (18/40) , respectively ;the percentage of the depression and anxiety group was higher than that of the healthy control group ,and the difference was statistically significant (χ2=8 .901 ,P=0 .003) .Conclusions The characteristics of personality traits of FD patients are introversion ,neuroticism and psychoticism .Whether FD patients are associated with anxiety and depression is related to neuroticism and psychoticism .Psychological interventions can effectively improve the clinical symptoms of some FD patients .

A relação entre extroversão e criatividade: um estudo com universitários brasileiros / The relation between extraversion and creativity: a study with brazilian students

A personalidade é considerada um dos elementos de maior importância na elaboração do produto criativo. Neste trabalho, especificamente, foi analisada a relação do traço de personalidade "extroversão" no processo criativo de 30 estudantes universitários, de ambos os gêneros. Para a avaliação da extroversão foi aplicada a Escala Fatorial de Extroversão, em seguida foram apresentados os Testes de Pensamento Criativo de Torrance, possibilitando a avaliação da criatividade. Os resultados apontaram a relação entre a extroversão e criatividade, sendo que os fatores da extroversão que se correlacionaram com o processo criativo foram comunicação e altivez, por outro lado, o fator assertividade não apresentou correlação com os Índices Criativos. De maneira geral, os resultados mostraram que há associação entre extroversão e criatividade, de modo que, nas dimensões avaliadas, os indivíduos mais extrovertidos tenderam a ser mais criativos do que aqueles considerados introvertidos.

Personality is considered one of the most important elements in creative product development. Specifically in this paper, the relationship between the "extraversion" personality trait and the creative processes was investigated among a population of 30 college students of both genders. The Extraversion Factorial Scale was applied to evaluate the extraversion, then the Torrance tests of creative thinking were applied, in order to evaluate the creativity. Results showed significant correlations between creativity and factors of "communication" and "conceit". However, the factor "assertiveness" did not present correlations with Creative Indexes. Thus, the results show that there is, in general, a relationship between extraversion and creativity, so that in the assessed dimensions, more extroverted individuals tend to be more creative than introverted ones.

Influencia del tempo de la música en las emociones / Influence of music tempo on emotion

Se sabe que la música puede influir en dos componentes de las emociones: el arousal y la valencia. En particular, se ha reportado que el tempo o rapidez de la música está directamente relacionado con el arousal, aunque su relación con la valencia o medida de afecto no es aún clara. En este trabajo se analizó la influencia del tempo en ambos componentes mediante la exposición de 24 estudiantes de licenciatura a treinta extractos musicales de distinto tempo. Además se evaluó la posible modulación de la relación tempo-valencia por el rasgo de personalidad extroversión/introversión. Los resultados confirmaron la influencia del tempo sobre el arousal, pero no sobre la valencia, así como una posible mediación de la dimensión de personalidad introversión-extroversión sobre la valencia.

Arousal and valence, two main components of emotion, are known to be influenced by music. Particularly, some studies have shown a positive relationship between tempo (music speed) and arousal, but no conclusive evidence about tempo and valence relationship has been found. In this experiment, the effect of tempo on both arousal and valence was studied.Twenty four undergraduate students were exposed to 30 musical excerpts with different tempo. In addition, the possible mediation of the extraversion-introversion personality trait on the relationship tempo-valence was also determined. The results confirmed the effect of tempo on arousal but not on valence, and a mediating effect of introversion-extraversion personality dimension on valence.

A PSYCHOLOGICAL HEALTH INVESTIGATION OF MEDICAL UNDERGRADUATES / 西安交通大学学报(医学版)

A psychological health investigation was made among 219 undergraduates in Xian Medical University, by five parameters including CMI, EPQ, disposition, SAS, SDS, and etc, It was found that their anxieties and depression are higher-44.29% and 21.00% respectivel, among them there are unstable moods and a tendency towards some nerveous symptoms respectively in 51.24% and 10.5%. Compared with the normal average values from Eysenck's questionnaire of personality, both the average values of introversion and extroversion are higher than the normal values. The comparasion between this paper and the result from the postgraduates in Beijing Medical University showed that anxieties, deprenions and unstable moods in medical undergraduates are remarkably more common than in the postgraduates. Atthe same time, heir causes were discussed in the paper.