Opinion of Nurses on SWOT and Areas of Investment in Nursing

Nursing is the largest group in the health sector accounting for approximately 59 percent of health care professionals. Nurses play a key role in rendering preventive, promotive and rehabilitative health care services. The work of nurses at all stages of their careers and at every level of prac- tice is essential in achieving Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Hence an opinion on SWOT in nursing and the priority areas of investment was undertaken among nurses. A quantitative research approach and a descriptive survey design were used. This study was conducted among nurses working in educational institutions and hospitals. A non-probability convenient sampling technique and snowball sampling were used. The tool consisted of items to elicit demographic data of nurses and an opinion scale to elicit the nurses'#39; opinion about SWOT in Nursing. A rating scale was used to rate the opinion about priority areas of investment in Nursing. A Google form was developed and circulated to the nurses. A total of 213 responses were received. Incomplete responses were deleted and finally, 195 responses were included for final analysis. Both de- scriptive and inferential statistics were used. Permission from IEC and informed consent were obtained. Confidentiality was maintained. The results revealed that the majority of the nurses had high opinion by having agreement with the factors of SWOT in nursing and had high priority in the areas of investment.

Influence of the size of the cities of birth and residence in the sports career: an analysis through the bolsa-atleta program / Influência do tamanho das cidades de nascimento e residência na carreira desportiva: uma análise por meio do programa bolsa-atleta

ABSTRACT This study aimed to verify whether the size of municipalities in which Brazilian high-performance athletes are born or live influences the federal government subsidy, in addition to pointing out whether factors such as human development index, demographic density and municipal investment in sports also exert influence. The sample consisted of 2,033 Brazilian municipalities that had athletes, born or resident, receiving the Brazilian incentive Bolsa-Atleta program. The size of municipalities influences the amount and level of grant obtained, demonstrating that the smaller the population size, the lower the chance of obtaining a higher grant level. In addition, factors such as human development index, demographic density and investment in sport influence the acquisition of grants by athletes, mainly by resident athletes, which shows an internal sports migration in the country as a result.

RESUMO O presente estudo teve por objetivo verificar se o tamanho dos municípios em que os atletas brasileiros de rendimento nascem ou residem gera influência na obtenção de subsídio pelo governo federal, além de apontar se fatores como índices de desenvolvimento humano, densidade demográfica e investimento municipal no esporte também exercem influência. A amostra consistiu em 2033 municípios brasileiros que apresentaram atletas nascidos ou residentes contemplados pelo programa de incentivo brasileiro Bolsa-Atleta. Por meio da análise, pode-se verificar que o tamanho dos municípios influência na quantidade e no nível de bolsa obtido, demonstrando que quanto menor o tamanho da população, menor a chance de se obter um nível mais alto de bolsa. Além disto, pode-se notar que fatores como índices de desenvolvimento humano, densidade demográfica e investimento no esporte exercem influência na aquisição de bolsas pelos atletas, principalmente, por parte de atletas residentes, o que evidencia uma migração esportiva interna no país.

Trading Behaviour Of Foreign Institutional Investors In India: An Empirical Study

The study is about the investment behaviour of “Foreign Institutional Investors” (FII) in the Indian stock market w.r.t their trading behaviour and its impact on stock market movements. We have collected the daily data of investment of FII net equity investments and NIFTY 50 index in Indian stock markets for a long time period from the year 2000 to 2022. The paper used trend analysis and the relationship between FII net equity investments and NIFTY 50 index. The paper found a significant relationship and causality in the direction of NIFTY to FII investments. The FII are found to invest with consistency in the Indian stock market and are also responsible to contribute significantly to the development of the Indian stock market.

INVESTMENT BEHAVIOR OF WORKING WOMEN - A STUDY WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO JORHAT DISTRICT OF ASSAM

Women in the society are always seen as a home maker not worker outside the home. But with changing challenges and environment, women are marching ahead towards working culture and gradually they have evolved as a financial decision maker. Now a days women in the society are equally employed as men. Active participation of women in the financial activities would contribute towards the overall economic development of the country. Past studies indicated that women are risk averse so mostly they invest in gold ornaments or jeweler etc. In this study an attempt has been made to understand the investment behaviour of women and the factors affecting their investment behaviour

A STUDY ON THE POLICYHOLDERS SATISFACTION IN TERM INSURANCE POLICIES IN LIFE INSURANCE CORPORATION OF INDIA - A STUDY WITH REFERENCE TO KARAIKUDI TOWN

Human life is a most important asset and life insurance is the most important type of insurance which provides financial protection to a person and his family at the time of uncertain risks or damage. LIC of India plays a vital role in the welfare of human well-being by providing insurance to millions of people against life risks such as uncertain death or accident. The present exploratory and descriptive based study was selected with an objective to identify that satisfaction level of LIC policyholder in the selected area. This study is based on primary data which is collected through questionnaire among 100 policyholders in karaikudi town and data were analyzed with multi variety statistical tools like percentage, ANOVA and factor analyses were used to identify the factors responsible for satisfaction towards LIC. there is no significant mean variation between reasons for select the LIC with their gender. The proportion of total variance explained by all these three factors in the actual data is 76.27 percent

Análisis de las finanzas públicas en el Situado Fiscal Territorial Municipal - Santiago de Cali: comunas 21, 10 y 22 / Analysis of public finances in the Municipal Territorial Taxation - Santiago de Cali: communes 21, 10 and 22 / Análise das finanças públicas no Situado Fiscal Territorial Municipal - Santiago de Cali: comunas 21, 10 e 22

RESUMEN La investigación corresponde al análisis de las finanzas públicas, especificamente al Situado Fiscal Territorial Municipal (SFTM) del municipio de Santiago de Cali, Colombia, en las comunas 21 (estrato socioeconómico bajo-bajo), 10 (estrato socioeconómico medio-medio) y 22 (estrato socioeconómico alto-alto), durante el periodo 2012-2015, en las cuales se realizo una inversion por parte del municipio, en aras de satisfacer las necesidades de la población y mejorar la calidad de vida de las personas. Para la realización del análisis se utilizaron como herramientas los Planes de Desarrollo de Comunas y Corregimientos, los Planes Operativos Anuales de Inversion (POAI) y el presupuesto ejecutado del SFTM, comparando la inversion per cápita de las problemáticas intervenidas entre las comunas estudiadas. Como resultado de este análisis se identificaron fallas en la asignación y ejecución de los recursos, dado que no se priorizaron problemáticas sensibles para las comunas 21 y 10, como lo son la seguridad, la capacitacion para el trabajo, la atencion a los adultos mayores y la participacion política de las organizaciones sociales, las cuales se consideran importantes para el desarrollo economico y social de las comunas menos favorecidas.

ABSTRACT The research presented below corresponds to the analysis of public finances, specifically the Municipal Territorial Tax Site (SFTM), of the municipality of Santiago de Cali, Colombia, in the communes 21 [low-low socioeconomic status], 10 [middle socioeconomic status] and 22 [high-high socioeconomic status], during the period 2012-2015, in which an investment was made by the municipality in order to satisfy the needs of the population and improve people's quality of life. To carry out the analysis, the Development Plans of Communes and Townships, the Annual Operational Investment Plans (POAI) and the executed budget of the SFTM were used as tolos, comparing the per capita investment of the intervened problems between the studied communes. As a result of this analysis, failures in the allocation and execution of resources were identified, since sensitive problems were not prioritized for communes 21 and 10, such as security, job training, care for the elderly and the political participation of social organizations, which are considered important for the economic and social development of the less favored communes.

RESUMO A investigação corresponde à análise das finanças públicas, especificamente o Situado Fiscal Territorial Municipal (SFTM) do município de Santiago de Cali, Colômbia, nas comunas 21 (estrato socioeconomico baixo), 10 (estrato socioeconomico médio médio) e 22 (estrato socioeconomico alto), durante o período 2012-2015, no qual foi feito um investimento pelo município, a fim de satisfazer as necessidades da população e melhorar a qualidade de vida da população. Os instrumentos utilizados para a análise foram os Planos de Desenvolvimento das Comunas e Corregimentos, os Planos Anuais de Investimento Operacional (POAI) e o orçamento executado do SFTM, comparando o investimento per capita dos problemas intervencionados entre as comunas estudadas. Como resultado desta análise, foram identificadas falhas na atribuição e execução de recursos, dado que não foi dada prioridade a questões sensíveis para as comunas 21 e 10, tais como segurança, formação profissional, atenção aos idosos e participação política das organizações sociais, que são consideradas importantes para o desenvolvimento economico e social das comunas menos favorecidas.

Case for investment in tobacco cessation: a population-based analysis in low- and middle-income countries / Argumentos a favor de la inversión en iniciativas para el abandono del tabaco: un análisis basado en la población en países de ingreso bajo y mediano / Análise de viabilidade de investimento na cessação do tabagismo: um estudo populacional em países de baixa e média renda

ABSTRACT This study aimed to estimate the return on investments of three population-level tobacco cessation strategies and three pharmacological interventions. The analysis included 124 low- and middle-income countries, and assumed a 10-year investment period (2021-2030). The results indicate that all six cessation programmes could help about 152 million tobacco users quit and save 2.7 million lives during 2021-2030. If quitters were followed until 65 years of age, 16 million lives could be saved from quitting. The combined investment cost was estimated at 1.68 United States dollars (US$) per capita a year, or US$ 115 billion over the period 2021-2030, with Caribbean countries showing the lowest investment cost at US$ 0.50 per capita a year. Return on investments was estimated at 0.79 (at the end of 2030) and 7.50 if benefits were assessed by the time quitters reach the age of 65 years. Disaggregated results by country income level and region also showed a return on investments less than 1.0 in the short term and greater than 1.0 in the medium-to-long term. In all countries, population-level interventions were less expensive and yielded a return on investments greater than 1.0 in the short and long term, with investment cost estimated at US$ 0.21 per capita a year, or US$ 14.3 billion over 2021-2030. Pharmacological interventions were more expensive and became cost beneficial over a longer time. These results are likely conservative and provide support for a phased approach implementing population-level strategies first, where most countries would reach break-even before 2030.

RESUMEN Este estudio tenía como objetivo estimar el rendimiento de la inversión de tres estrategias para el abandono del tabaco dirigidas a la población y de tres intervenciones farmacológicas. El análisis incluyó a 124 países de ingreso bajo y mediano y consideró que el período de inversión era de 10 años (2021-2030). Los resultados muestran que los seis programas sobre el abandono del tabaco podrían ayudar a unos 152 millones de personas a dejar el tabaco y salvar 2,7 millones de vidas en el período 2021-2030. Si se siguiera a las personas que dejan el tabaco hasta que cumpliesen 65 años, el número de vidas que se podrían salvar sería de 16 millones. Se estimó que el costo combinado de la inversión era de 1,68 dólares estadounidenses (US$) per cápita al año, o US$ 115 billones durante el período 2021-2030, y que el costo de inversión más bajo se encontraba en los países del Caribe (US$ 0,50 per cápita al año). Se estimó que el rendimiento de la inversión era de 0,79 (a finales de 2030) y de 7,50 si se tenían en cuenta los beneficios que obtienen las personas que dejan el tabaco hasta que alcanzan los 65 años. Los resultados desglosados por nivel de ingresos de los países y región también mostraron que el rendimiento de la inversión era inferior a 1,0 a corto plazo y superior a 1,0 de mediano a largo plazo. En todos los países, las intervenciones dirigidas a la población fueron menos costosas y produjeron un rendimiento de la inversión superior a 1,0 a corto y largo plazo, con un costo de las inversiones estimado en US$ 0,21 per cápita al año, o US$ 14,3 billones durante el período 2021-2030. Las intervenciones farmacológicas fueron más costosas y solo fueron generaron beneficios en función de los costos a más largo plazo. Probablemente son unos resultados prudentes, pero sirven de base para adoptar un enfoque gradual en la aplicación de estrategias dirigidas a la población primero donde la mayoría de los países alcanzarían el punto de equilibrio antes del 2030.

RESUMO Este estudo teve como objetivo estimar o retorno dos investimentos de três estratégias de cessação do tabagismo no nível populacional e de três intervenções farmacológicas. A análise incluiu 124 países de baixa e média renda e presumiu um período de investimento de 10 anos (2021-2030). Os resultados indicam que todos os seis programas de cessação poderiam ajudar cerca de 152 milhões de usuários de tabaco a parar de fumar e salvar 2,7 milhões de vidas entre 2021 e 2030. Se houvesse acompanhamento até os 65 anos de idade daqueles que parassem de fumar, 16 milhões de vidas poderiam ser salvas. O custo de investimento combinado foi estimado em 1,68 dólares americanos (US$) per capita por ano, ou US$ 115 bilhões no período 2021-2030, com os países do Caribe apresentando o menor custo de investimento, a US$ 0,50 per capita por ano. O retorno dos investimentos foi estimado em 0,79 (no fim de 2030) e 7,50 se os benefícios fossem avaliados até o momento em que aqueles que pararam de fumar chegassem aos 65 anos de idade. Os resultados desagregados por nível de renda nacional e por região também mostraram um retorno dos investimentos inferior a 1,0 no curto prazo e superior a 1,0 no médio e longo prazos. Em todos os países, as intervenções no nível populacional foram menos caras e renderam um retorno dos investimentos superior a 1,0 no curto e longo prazos, com um custo de investimento estimado em US$ 0,21 per capita por ano, ou US$ 14,3 bilhões entre 2021 e 2030. As intervenções farmacológicas foram mais caras e tiveram um bom custo-benefício durante um período mais longo. Estes resultados são provavelmente conservadores e servem de apoio para uma abordagem em fases que implemente primeiramente estratégias no nível populacional, onde a maioria dos países atingiria o ponto de equilíbrio antes de 2030.

Of Persistence and Pursuit: Unwanted Pursuit Behavior in Indian Young Adults

Background: Unwanted pursuit behaviour refers to a range behaviours that are persistent and unwanted targeted towards an individual in order to pursue a romantic relationship. The topic of UPB post the dissolution of a romantic relationship has garnered considerable attention among social scientists and the past decade has seen a rise in the number of researches focused on understanding its predictors. The study was aimed to examine the predictors of UPB with the help of the variables under the Investment Model and Partner-Specific Dependency. Methodology: The data was collected from 104 young adults (between 20-30 years) who were in ongoing romantic relationship using Rusbult’s Investment Model Scale, Rathus and O’Leary’s Spouse-Specific Dependency Scale, and Spitzberg and Cupach’s Relational Pursuit-Pursuer Short Form. Results: UPB was found to be commonplace in the current sample with 93% of the total participants reporting that they will engage in at least one form of UPB. Consistent with the findings obtained by previous researches, anxious attachment, under Partner-Specific Dependency, emerged as a significant predictor of UPB. Conclusion: This study extends on the findings of those obtained by past investigations on the predictors of UPB. Limitations, future scope, and practical implications of the study are discussed in the paper.

The relationship between public and private health investment and economic development based on the overlapping generations (olg) model / Relação entre investimento público e privado em saúde e desenvolvimento econômico com base no modelo de gerações sobrepostas (olg) / Investigación sobre la relación entre la inversión en salud pública y privada y el desarrollo económico a partir del modelo de generación superpuesta

ABSTRACT As an important part of human capital, healthy human capital plays a great role in promoting economic development. Based on the overlapping generations (OLG) model, this study establishes a correlation analysis model between healthy human capital and economic growth. This model takes utility maximization as the theoretical carrier to study how individuals promote economic growth while pursuing the maximization of their own health capital accumulation. The model can analyze the promotion mechanism of healthy human capital on economic growth, so as to provide decision support for relevant personnel. Taking the panel data of 11 provinces and cities in China as samples, this paper makes an empirical analysis of the model. The results show that healthy human capital investment in coastal areas is generally high, and the relationship between healthy human capital and economic growth conforms to the inverted U-shaped development model, so we should pay attention to the reasonable proportion of healthy human capital investment. In addition, from the fitting effect of the regression model, the F-statistic values of model 1 and model 2 are 672.6327 and 1240.188, which shows that the fitting accuracy of the two regression models is higher.

RESUMO Como parte importante do capital humano, o capital humano saudável desempenha um grande papel na promoção do desenvolvimento econômico. Com base no modelo de gerações gerações sobrepostas (OLG), este estudo estabelece um modelo de análise de correlação entre o capital humano saudável e o crescimento econômico. Este modelo leva à maximização da utilidade como suporte teórico para estudar como os indivíduos promovem o crescimento econômico, enquanto procedem à maximização de sua própria acumulação de capital saudável. O modelo pode analisar o mecanismo de promoção de capital humano saudável em crescimento econômico, de modo a fornecer suporte de decisão para os profissionais. Tomando os dados do painel de 11 províncias e cidades da China como amostra, o presente estudo faz uma análise empírica do modelo. Os resultados mostram que o investimento em capital humano para a saúde nas zonas costeiras é geralmente elevado, e a relação entre o capital humano saudável e o crescimento econômico está em conformidade com o modelo de desenvolvimento invertido em forma de U, pelo que devemos prestar atenção à proporção razoável de investimento em capital humano saudável. Além disso, a partir do efeito de ajuste do modelo de regressão, os valores F-estatísticos do modelo 1 e do modelo 2 são 672.6327 e 1240.188, o que mostra que a precisão de ajuste dos dois modelos de regressão é maior.

RESUMEN Como parte importante del capital humano, la salud juega un papel importante en la promoción del desarrollo económico. Basado en el modelo de generaciones superpuestas (OLG), este estudio establece un modelo de análisis de correlación entre capital humano saludable y crecimiento económico. Este modelo toma la maximización de la utilidad como portador teórico para estudiar cómo los individuos promueven el crecimiento económico mientras persiguen la maximización de su propia acumulación de capital en salud. El modelo puede analizar el mecanismo de promoción del capital humano saludable sobre el crecimiento económico, a fin de brindar apoyo a las decisiones del personal relevante. Tomando como muestra los datos de panel de 11 provincias y ciudades de China, este artículo realiza un análisis empírico del modelo. Los resultados muestran que la inversión de capital humano saludable en las áreas costeras es generalmente alta, y la relación entre capital humano saludable y crecimiento económico se ajusta al modelo de desarrollo en forma de U invertida, por lo que debemos prestar atención a la proporción razonable de inversión de capital humano saludable. Además, del efecto de ajuste del modelo de regresión, los valores del estadístico F del modelo 1 y del modelo 2 son 672,6327 y 1240,188, lo que muestra que la precisión de ajuste de los dos modelos de regresión es mayor.

Effects of R&D Expenses Additional Deduction Policy on R&D Investment and Profitability of Pharmaceutical Manufacturing Industry / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE：To stu dy the effects of R&D expense additional deduction policy on R&D investment and profitability of pharmaceutical manufacturing industry ， and to provide reference for improving R&D investment and profitability of pharmaceutical manufacturing industry. METHODS ：Based on the data of Chinese pharmaceutical listed enterprises during 2012-2019，regression discontinuity design and descriptive method were adopted to analyze the effect of R&D expenses additional deduction policy on R&D investment and profitability of pharmaceutical manufacturing industry. RESULTS ：Both R&D investment and the main business profit margin had significant “jump”at the policy cutoff point ，and the policy effect coefficient of the R&D expenses additional deduction policy on R&D investment and profitability of the pharmaceutical manufacturing industry were 0.310 and －1.197 respectively（P＜0.001）. The policy effect coefficient of the policy on R&D investment in the eastern region was 0.413（P＜0.001），while the effect on central and western regions were not significant ；the policy effect coefficient of the policy on R&D investment of large-scale and small- and medium-scale pharmaceutical manufacturing industry were 0.502 and 0.264 respectively（P＜0.001）. CONCLUSIONS ：On the whole ，R&D expenses additional deduction policy has a positive incentive impact on R&D investment of pharmaceutical manufacturing industry ，but does not have a positive incentive impact on the profitability which is greatly affected by other factors. The policy has regional differences in the incentive impact on R&D investment of pharmaceutical manufacturing industry ；the incentive impact of the policy on the R&D investment of large-scale pharmaceutical manufacturing industry is better than that of small-and medium-scale one. It is recommended to improve the R&D expenses additional deduction policy ，reasonably increase the profit margin of the pharmaceutical manufacturing industry ，adjust the policy for different regions and focus on guiding policies to favor small- and medium-scale pharmaceutical manufacturing industry，so as to improve the R&D investment and profitability of pharmaceutical manufacturing industry.

Definition of Core Competitiveness of Drug Manufacturing Enterprises and Construction of Its Evaluation System / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE：To define the core competitiveness of drug manufacturing enterprises ，and build its evaluation system. METHODS ：With“core competitiveness ”and“pharmaceutical”as Chinese and English keywords ，the laws ，policies and interpretation documents published on relevant Chinese government websites （from the inception/establishment of the database to June 2020，the same below ）were retrieved. Related literatures were collected from PubMed ，Embase，CBM，Wanfang database ， CNKI，VIP databases. The evidence-based research method was adopted to define the core competitiveness and elements of drug manufacturing enterprises. Based on above elements and retrieval method ，guideline database （National Guideline Clearinghouse ， Guidelines International Network ，Trip database ，The National Institute for Health and Care Excellence ）and systematic review ， health technology assessment （HTA），health economics evaluation research databases （NHS Economic Evaluation Database ，the Cochrane Library ，HTA，etc.）were retrieved. The output indexes of the core competitiveness of drug manufacturing enterprises were extracted ；according to the principles of scientificity ，hierarchy，comparability and comprehensiveness ，the evaluation system of core competitiveness of drug manufacturing enterprises was constructed. RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS ：The definition of core competitiveness of drug manufacturers is proposed as the strategic needs of the enterprises ，actively undertaking major national science and technology projects ，introducing top scientific and technological talents at home and abroad ，having independent intellectual property rights ，enhancing the ability of scientific and technological support ，strengthening original innovation ， increasing R&D investment ， strengthening key technology breakthrough ， perfecting the innovation mechanism of enterprises-univerisities-researches integration with enterprises as the main body. The elements included original innovation ， 60362951。 R&D investment and scientific and technological talents. Atotal of 25 original innovation output indexes [including two aspects of innovation system （such as national science and technology innovation base ，national laboratory ），innovation achievements （such as National Natural Science Award ， National Technological Invention Award ）]，1 R&D input-output indicator （R&D amount ），7 scientific and technological talent output indicators of production enterprises （such as those selected in the “National Million Talent Project ”，“National Outstanding Scientific and Technological Talents ”award） were extracted. The evaluation system composed of original innovation ，R&D investment and scientific and technological talents is constructed ，which can provide objective evaluation for core competitiveness of pharmaceutical manufacturing enterprises.

The Influence of Technology Innovation Investment on Financial Performance of Pharmaceutical Enterprises Based on Threshold Effect / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE： To provi de reference for relevant departments to formulate innovation subsidy policies for pharmaceutical enterprises and enterprises to make their own business strategy decisions. METHODS ：The listed enterprises in China ’s pharmaceutical industry listed before 2012 were selected as the sample enterprises. The annual reports of listed enterprises in pharmaceutical industry and related panel data in CSMAR database during 2012-2019 were colected. Referring to related literatures ， multivariate regression model and threshold model were established to investigate the effects of technology innovation investment ability of sample enterprises ，so as to put forward relevant suggestions. RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS ：A total of 57 sample enterprises were included. The panel data of sample enterprises showed that the technology innovation investment of Chinese pharmaceutical enterprises was basically increasing year by year ，but compared with international standards ，the technology innovation investment of Chinese pharmaceutical enterprises still needed to be improved. The results of multiple regression model showed that the technology innovation investment of pharmaceutical enterprises had no significant impact on their current financial performance and the financial performance of the first and second lags （P＞0.05）. The results of threshold model showed that there was a significant single threshold effect between technology innovation investment and financial performance when enterprise size was taken as the threshold variable （P＜0.05）. When the enterprise size was less than the threshold value of 20.986，the enterprise ’s technology innovation investment had a negative impact on its financial performance （P＜0.05）；when the enterprise size was greater than the threshold value of 20.986，the correlation between the enterprise ’s technology innovation investment and financial performance was not significant （P＜0.05）. It is suggested that China ’s pharmaceutical enterprises should carry out technology innovation activities according to their own strength ，and enterprise managers should formulate different innovation development strategies according to the ac tual situation ，enable enterprises to maintain a reasonable capital structure by broadening financing channels ，identify innovation points according to their own ability ，reduce costs and risks ，and innovate R&D modes，so as to promote the transformation and effective utilization of R&D achievements. Government departments should give full play to the guiding role ，encourage pharmaceutical enterprises to maintain the vitality of R&D and innovation and guide the sustainable innovation and healthy development of the pharmaceutical industry.

Economic viability of a crop-livestock integration system / Viabilidade econômica de um sistema de integração lavoura-pecuária

ABSTRACT: Crop monoculture and single conventional cattle raising were designed for a rapid increase in productivity and food supply. However, some of these production systems have shown signs of saturation and negative environmental impacts. Crop-livestock integration systems have been developed as an alternative that delivers increased productivity and greater environmental sustainability. This article presents an evaluation of the economic viability and the financial risk associated with an investment in crop-livestock integration with a focus on the production of beef cattle in São Carlos, SP, Brazil. Results showed that the investment is economically viable and has an Internal Rate of Return higher than that of a conventional system. Monte Carlo simulations showed that the integrated system presents lower market risks when compared to the conventional system.

RESUMO: A produção agrícola em monocultivo e a pecuária convencional não integrada com culturas foram desenhadas para um aumento rápido da produtividade e da oferta de alimentos. Entretanto, alguns destes sistemas de produção têm mostrado sinais de saturação e impactos ambientais negativos. Sistemas de integração lavoura-pecuária têm sido desenvolvidos como uma alternativa que oferece aumento de produtividade e maior sustentabilidade ambiental. O presente trabalho tem por objetivo estimar a viabilidade econômica e o risco financeiro associado a um projeto de investimento em integração lavoura-pecuária com foco para a produção de animais de corte em São Carlos, SP. Os resultados mostraram que o investimento é economicamente viável e apresenta Taxa Interna de Retorno superior à de um sistema convencional. Por meio da simulação de Monte Carlo constatou-se o sistema integrado apresenta menores riscos de mercado quando comparado com o sistema convencional.

Effect of Sprue Design in Nickel-Chromium Cast Crown Margin

ABSTRACT Objective: To determine the effect of sprue design on the marginal accuracy of the casting. Material and Methods: It was an experimental in-vitro study. There are forty-four crowns of single sprue group with a forty-four double sprue group that was compared in 6 different locations of the margin. The sections were inspected under a microscope at 50X magnification and took a micrograph. The radius from an actual casting edge to a possibly excellent margin was then documented as marginal discrepancy (d), in µm. The marginal discrepancy was documented for each of the six sections per casting. Thus 264 sections were measured for each group. Data were analysed using (ANOVA) for analysis of variance. For bivariate analyses, Chi-square and Student t test were used. The significance level was set at < 0.05. Results: The marginal discrepancy was greater in the single sprue group of cast crown (43.1 ± 4.74 µm) and in double sprue group of cast crown was less (25.7 ± 4.25 µm). This difference is statistically significant (p<0.05). The correlation between single sprue group of casting with a double sprue group of casting by student's t-test where determination height was 95%. Conclusion: Double sprue design produces a higher accurate margin than single sprue design in the nickel-chromium alloy cast crown.

Impact of the Peace Agreement on the social determinants of health in Colombia / Impacto del Acuerdo de Paz sobre los determinantes sociales de la salud en Colombia / Impacto do Acordo de Paz nos determinantes sociais da saúde na Colômbia

ABSTRACT Objectives: to analyze the impact of the Colombian Peace Agreement on the structural social determinants of health. Methods: a descriptive, ecological study, based on documentary data from 2008 to 2018. The records of victims, epidemiological indicators, and structural social determinants of health in Colombia were analyzed. Results: there was a correlation between the period in which the Peace Agreement process was developed and the indicators of structural determinants in health with p<0.05. With the Poisson regression analysis, the favorable correlations between the peace process and the determinants were confirmed, besides allowing the understanding of the changes in these indicators before the Peace Agreement. Conclusions: the implementation of the peace process has a positive impact on structural social determinants of health, which is observed by the beginning of the decrease of economic, educational, health, and social inequalities and inequities, a fact that offers the possibility of living in peace.

RESUMEN Objetivos: analizar el impacto del Acuerdo de Paz de Colombia en los determinantes sociales estructurales de la salud. Métodos: estudio descriptivo, ecológico, a partir de datos documentales del periodo de 2008 a 2018. Se analizaron los registros de víctimas, indicadores epidemiológicos y determinantes sociales estructurales en salud de Colombia. Resultados: correlación entre el periodo de tiempo en que se desarrollaron el proceso del Acuerdo de Paz y los indicadores de los determinantes estructurales en salud con p <0,05. Mediante el análisis de regresión de Poisson, se confirmaron las correlaciones favorables entre el proceso de paz y los determinantes mencionados, además de permitir explicar los cambios en dichos indicadores frente al Acuerdo de Paz. Conclusiones: la implementación del proceso de paz impacta favorablemente en los determinantes sociales estructurales de la salud, lo que refleja en el inicio la reducción de las desigualdades e inequidades económicas, educacionales, de salud y sociales, hecho que ofrece la posibilidad de vivir en paz.

RESUMO Objetivos: analisar o impacto do Acordo de Paz da Colômbia nos determinantes sociais estruturais da saúde. Métodos: estudo descritivo, ecológico, a partir de dados documentais do período de 2008 a 2018. Analisaram-se os registros de vítimas, indicadores epidemiológicos e determinantes sociais estruturais em saúde da Colômbia. Resultados: correlação entre o período de tempo em que se desenvolveram o processo de Acordo de Paz e os indicadores dos determinantes estruturais em saúde com p<0.05. Com a análise da regressão de Poisson, confirmaram-se as correlações favoráveis entre o processo de paz e os mencionados determinantes, além de permitir explicar as mudanças nesses indicadores perante o Acordo de Paz. Conclusões: a implementação do processo de paz tem impacto favorável nos determinantes sociais estruturais da saúde, o que reflete no início da redução das desigualdades e iniquidades econômicas, educacionais, de saúde e sociais, fato que oferece a possibilidade de viver em paz.

Ripple effect, driving branch, and economic development: case of the agro-food industry in Côte d'Ivoire / Avaliação da eficácia dos efeitos puxadores da indústria agro-alimentar (IAA) na economia da Costa do Marfim

ABSTRACT: In Côte d'Ivoire, agricultural development has been made possible by the Government strategy to support it through an industrialization-based policy. However, the agricultural sector is still facing many difficulties, despite significant investment efforts undertaken to turn the country into a significant agricultural and agro-food industry (AFI) products exporter on the international market. This study evaluated the effectiveness of the driving role of AFI branches in the Ivorian economy. We used Leontief's model, coupled with Diamond's model and Rasmussen's indices, to assess the ripple effects, and identify the driving branch in the Ivorian economy. Data used are derived from the Input-Output Table (IOT) of the 2018 National Accounts produced by the Government and aggregated into 21 branches or subsectors. Our study showed that there is no outstanding driving branch in the economy. However, some branches are close to compliance with driving branch status. For a driving sector to emerge, the Government should invest in priority order in the following branches: Grain Processing and Starchy Product Manufacturing (GPSPM), Cocoa & Coffee Processing (CCP), Oilseed Industry (OI), Dairy Industry and Fruit & Vegetable Industry (DIFVI), Beverage Industry (BI), Tobacco Industry (TI). And currently, the country's development strategy should be based primarily on these branches, because they are able to improve the effectiveness and efficiency of production system in the Agro-Food Industry (AFI) and, by extension, the economy.

RESUMO: Na Costa do Marfim, o desenvolvimento agrícola tornou-se possível graças à estratégia de apoio do governo através de uma política de industrialização. Contudo, o setor agrícola continua a enfrentar muitas dificuldades, apesar dos grandes esforços de investimento empreendidos para transformar o país num grande exportador de produtos agrícolas e de indústria agro-alimentar (IAA) no mercado internacional. O objetivo do presente estudo é avaliar a eficácia do papel motor dos ramos da Indústria Agro-alimentar (IAA) na economia da Costa do Marfim. Utilizámos o modelo de Leontief, juntamente com o modelo de Diamond e os índices de Rasmussen, para avaliar os efeitos puxadores e identificar o ramo motor da economia marfinense. Os dados utilizados provêm da Tabela Entradas-Saídas (TES) da Contabilidade Nacional de 2018, produzida pelo governo e que foi agregada em 21 ramos ou sub-sectores. Tendo em conta o princípio de identificação do ramo motor, os nossos resultados mostram que não existe verdadeiramente um ramo motor na economia marfinense. Entretanto, alguns ramos estão a aproximar-se desta conformidade de identificação de ramo motor. São, por ordem de conformidade no setor agro-alimentar: Trabalho de Grãos e Fabricação de Produtos à base de Amido (TGFPA); Transformação do Cacau e do Café (TCC); Indústria de Oleaginosas (IO); Indústria de Lacticínios e Indústria de Frutas e Legumes (ILIFL); Indústria de Bebidas (IB); Indústria do Tabaco (IT). Isso significa que, atualmente, a estratégia de desenvolvimento do país deverá apoiar-se, em primeiro lugar, nestes ramos, pois, são eles que podem melhorar a eficácia e a eficiência do sistema de produção da Indústria Agro-alimentar (IAA) e, portanto, a economia da Costa do Marfim.

Decameron: faces da desobjetalização e o relançar de laços / Decameron: faces of deobjectalization and relaunching ties / Decameron: rostros de desobjetalización y relanzamiento de lazos / Decameron: des visages de désobjectalisation et de relance des liens

O presente trabalho reúne múltiplas faces da desobjetalização que se apresentaram para a autora no plano individual e da cultura no contexto de pandemia de 2020 e afirma a função de investimento significativo da analista na recuperação da dialética fecunda quando a força de desinvestimento atinge alcances radicais. O livro de Giovanni Boccaccio, escrito durante a peste negra de 1348, ofereceu-se no horizonte como favorecedor do resgate da dimensão ligadora da analista e se entrelaça no texto como modelo de aposta na palavra para a reinstalação de um movimento criador.

The present work brings together multiple faces of desobjectalization that were presented to the author at the individual level and of culture in the context of the 2020 pandemic and affirms the analyst's significant investment function in the recovery of the fruitful dialectic when the divestment force reaches radical reach. Giovanni Boccaccio's book, written during the black plague of 1348, offered itself on the horizon as a fighter for the rescue of the analyst's connecting dimension and is interwoven in the text as a model of betting on the word for the reinstallation of a creative movement.

El presente trabajo reúne múltiples caras de desobjectalización que fueron presentadas al autor a nivel individual y de cultura en el contexto de la pandemia de 2020 y afirma la significativa función de investidura del analista en la recuperación de la dialéctica fecunda cuando la fuerza de desinvestidura alcanza un alcance radical. El libro de Giovanni Boccaccio, escrito durante la peste negra de 1348, se ofreció en el horizonte como un luchador por el rescate de la dimensión ligadora del analista y se entrelaza en el texto como modelo de apuesta por la palabra para la reinstalación de un movimiento creativo.

Le présent travail rassemble de multiples visages de désobjectalisation qui ont été présentés à l'auteur au niveau individuel et de la culture dans le contexte de la pandémie de 2020 et affirme la fonction d'investissement significative de l'analyste dans la reprise de la dialectique féconde lorsque la force de désinvestissement atteint une portée radicale. Le livre de Giovanni Boccaccio, écrit pendant la peste noire de 1348, s'offrait à l'horizon comme un combattant pour le sauvetage de la dimension connectante de l'analyste et s'entremêlait dans le texte comme modèle de pari sur le mot pour la réinstallation d'un mouvement créatif.

Propriedade intelectual do soro antiofídico: a efetividade a partir da correlação entre os investimentos do governo federal nos principais institutos responsáveis pela produção do soro e realização de pesquisas para o tratamento de acidentes ofídicos no brasil, com relação ao número de vítimas fatais dos acidentes / Intellectual property of antiophidic serum: the effectiveness from the correlation between federal government investments in the main institutes responsible for the production of serum and conducting researches for the treatment of official accidents in Brazil, with regard to the accident of disease acts

Resumo Introdução O envenenamento por picada de serpentes é um latente problema de saúde pública em nível global. Neste contexto, o Brasil se apresenta como referência mundial no tratamento deste tipo de acidente. É importante destacar que o tratamento de acidentes ofídicos no país foi evidenciado a partir dos estudos do sanitarista Vital Brazil, que patenteou o tratamento e doou para o Estado brasileiro. Mas, qual o impacto este ato gerou para a sociedade, já que a gestão da patente se tornou obrigação do Estado? Objetivo A partir de uma análise da evolução do tratamento do ofidismo, verificar a correlação entre os investimentos do Governo Federal nos principais institutos responsáveis pela produção do soro e realização de pesquisas para o tratamento de acidentes ofídicos no Brasil, com relação ao número de vítimas fatais dos acidentes. Método Realizou-se uma análise de correlação estatística, tendo como base acidentes e óbitos decorrentes dos acidentes ofídicos e os investimentos do governo nos principais institutos produtores de soros antipeçonhentos, no período de 1998 a 2017. Resultados Os resultados mostraram que há uma franca evolução no número de acidentes decorrentes dos acidentes ofídicos no Brasil entre 1998 e 2017. Conclusão Existe correlação positiva entre os investimentos do Governo Federal nos principais institutos responsáveis pela produção do soro e realização de pesquisas para o tratamento de acidentes ofídicos no Brasil, com relação ao número de vítimas fatais dos acidentes.

Abstract Background Snakebite poisoning is a latent global public health problem. In this context, Brazil is a world reference in the treatment of this type of accident. It is important to highlight that the treatment of ophidian accidents in the country was evidenced by the studies of the sanitary veterinarian Vital Brazil, who patented the treatment and donated to the Brazilian state. But what impact did this act have on society since patent management became a state obligation? Objective Based on an analysis of the evolution of the treatment of ophidism, we aimed to verify the correlation between the investments of the Federal Government in the main institutes responsible for the production of serum and researching the treatment of ophidian accidents in Brazil, number of fatal accident victims. Method A statistical correlation analysis was performed based on accidents and deaths resulting from ophidian accidents and government investments in the main institutes producing anti-blind sera from 1998 to 2017. Results The results showed that there is a clear evolution in the number of accidents resulting from ophidian accidents in Brazil. Conclusion there is a positive correlation between the investments of the Brazilian government to control the mortality resulting from these accidents.

Práticas das universidades federais no combate à COVID-19: a relação entre investimento público e capacidade de implementação / Prácticas de las universidades federales en la lucha contra la COVID-19: la relación entre inversión pública y capacidad de implementación / Federal university practices to combat COVID-19: the relationship between public investment and implementation capacity

Resumo Esse artigo busca analisar a relação entre os recursos públicos investidos nas universidades federais e sua capacidade de implementação de respostas à COVID-19. O artigo contribui, inicialmente, com um método de categorização para avaliação do direcionamento das práticas de combate à COVID-19 pelas universidades federais. A análise dos dados sinaliza uma tendência de relação positiva entre o nível de gastos executados e a capacidade de implementação de respostas por meio de projetos de pesquisa e de extensão, principalmente, para o desenvolvimento de tecnologias. Essa reorientação enseja uma discussão sobre desdobramentos para as políticas públicas de Ciência, Tecnologia e Inovação e para o fortalecimento do Sistema Federal de Educação Superior, de modo a garantir a infraestrutura necessária para a resolução de problemas complexos, como os gerados pela pandemia da COVID-19.

Resumen Este artículo busca analizar la relación entre los recursos públicos invertidos en universidades federales y su capacidad para implementar respuestas a la COVID-19. Por lo tanto, el artículo inicialmente contribuye con un método y una forma de categorización para evaluar la aplicación de prácticas para combatir la COVID-19 por parte de las universidades federales. El análisis de los datos señala una tendencia de relación positiva entre el nivel de gastos ejecutados y la capacidad de implementar respuestas a través de proyectos de investigación y extensión, principalmente para el desarrollo de tecnologías. Esta reorientación da lugar a una discusión sobre los desdoblamientos de las políticas públicas de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación y para el fortalecimiento del sistema federal de educación superior, a fin de garantizar la infraestructura necesaria para resolver problemas complejos como los generados por la COVID-19.

Abstract This article aims to analyze the relationship between public resources invested in federal universities and their capability to respond to COVID-19. The article presents a categorization method to evaluate the practices of combating COVID-19 organized by federal universities. Data analysis indicates a positive relationship between the level of expenditures and the ability to implement research and extension projects, mainly for the development of technologies. The discussion presents consequences for the public policies of Science, Technology, and Innovation to strengthen the Federal System of Higher Education, to guarantee the necessary infrastructure to solve complex problems such as those generated by COVID-19.

India China in Post liberalization

The bilateral relationship between India and China is often marked as rivalry and hostility in therecent past, had been warm and cordial for centuries. India was among a few non communist toaccord recognition to the new regime of China at its very inception in the year 1949. Even aftersigning of Panch Sheel, Chinese forces when continued disturbances on the Indian boarder thatreached at climax in the month of October, 1962, and it mounted a full-fledged armed attack onthe India-China border. In 1963 a treaty was signed between Pakistan and China by whichPakistan handed a large part of the Indian Territory in Kashmir illegally. China also supportedfully Pakistan during India – Pakistan conflict in 1965 and also in 1971. This makes therelationship between countries very toughed. This is the bone of contention for which IndoChina relation is deteriorated. The Chinese perspective towards India underwent a sea changein the later part of the post cold war period. India attempts to open its economy through itsambitious economic liberalization programme. Hence the Indo-China relation is explained in thecontext of Chinese perspective towards India, India China relation in post cold war era,strengthening of Indo-US relation, G-7 matter, economic liberalization, demolition of SovietRussia, South East Asia and their relationship in the context of WTO.