A Review on Abiotic Stress Caused by Industrial Effluents on Seed Quality

India is one of the top ten industrialized countries of global importance. But industries release waste products, which exert negative influences by causing toxicity to biotic organisms and environment. Liquid wastes of industries termed as effluents are characterized with possession of organic and inorganic compounds that evolve with varying levels of toxicity based on the type of industry and its bi-product. Recycling of treated effluent serves as an alternative to tie over water scarcity in sustainable agriculture. On the other hand, dilutions of industrial effluents serves as growth stimulants at an optimal concentration and influences the seed and seedling quality characters and aids in improving the productivity of crops. The safe levels of dilutions expressing the seed invigourative effect are reviewed hereunder, which could serve as a solution for disposal of effluent in agriculture in an effective manner.

Effect of Kidney-tonification, Spleen-invigoration and Detoxification Methods on T lymphocytes Mediated by Peripheral Blood DCs in Chronic HBV Infection Patients / 世界科学技术-中医药现代化

This study was aimed to compare the effect of traditional Chinese medicine ( TCM ) treatment method of kidney-tonification, spleen-invigoration and detoxification on T lymphocytes of patients with chronic HBV infec-tion, which were mediated by peripheral blood dendritic cells (DCs). Ten patients with chronic HBV infection and eight healthy controls were included in this study. DCs were differentiated from PBMCs which were isolated from their peripheral blood, incubated and induced. Then, the DCs were interfered by plasma of medicine through the treatment methods of kidney-tonification, spleen-invigoration and detoxification. Models of interaction were estab-lished. Expressions of CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, CD8+CD28+, CD8+PD-1 of DCs and T cells were detected by FACS; and the levels of IFN-γ in supernatants were detected by ELISA. The results showed that the kidney-tonification plasma, spleen-invigoration plasma, detoxification plasma deal with HBcAg in load DCs incubated T lymphocytes. The CD3+ and CD4+ expression rate were increased; the CD8+ and CD8+PD-1 expression were reduced; IFN-γ level was increased; but only the Liuweidihuang Tang group was with significant difference compared to the model group (P < 0.05); the CD8+CD28+ expression rate was increased in the Sijunzi Tang and Liuweidihuang Tang group compared to the model group ( P < 0 . 05 ) . It was concluded that to a certain extent , the treatment method of kidney-tonification, spleen-invigoration and detoxification can restore the function of peripheral blood DCs in chronic HBV infection patients in order to restore its downstream T lymphocyte function. Among these treatment methods, the optimal method is kidney-tonification.

Condicionamento fisiológico de aquênios de girassol / Priming of sunflower achenes

A técnica de condicionamento fisiológico tem como vantagem favorecer o desempenho das sementes no campo, sobretudo as de menor vigor e, consequentemente, garantir maior uniformidade na população inicial. O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar a qualidade fisiológica de aquênios de girassol após a aplicação de métodos de condicionamento fisiológico e após dois meses de armazenamento para comercialização. Para isso, foi utilizado um lote de aquênios da cultivar 'Catissol 01', previamente envelhecido a 45°C durante zero, 24 e 36 horas. Por lote, os aquênios foram submetidos ou não (SC) ao osmocondicionamento (OC) com solução de KNO3 e de polietilenoglicol (PEG) 6000 e ao hidrocondicionamento (HC), com subsequente secagem. Posteriormente, os lotes foram divididos em dois sublotes, sendo um avaliado imediatamente e o outro, após dois meses de armazenamento em condições controladas. Os aquênios foram submetidos aos testes de germinação nas temperaturas de 15, 25, 35 e 45°C e nos potenciais hídricos de zero, -0,3, -0,6 e -0,9MPa e aos testes de vigor (primeira contagem de germinação, condutividade elétrica, envelhecimento acelerado, emergência de plântulas e índice de velocidade de emergência). Os resultados permitiram concluir que a germinação dos aquênios de girassol manteve-se dentro do padrão de comercialização exigido durante o armazenamento, quando os aquênios não envelhecidos artificialmente foram osmocondicionados com PEG a 25°C e com solução de KNO3 a -0,3MPa, e quando os aquênios envelhecidos artificialmente por 36 horas, foram osmocondicionado com PEG, a 15°C. Houve redução da germinação e do vigor dos aquênios de girassol a partir de potenciais hídricos de -0,3MPa e temperatura de 25°C.

The priming technique has been used to promote the seeds performance in the yield, especially the low vigour and consequently to assure the uniformity of the original population. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of seed priming in sunflower achenes physiological quality, after methods application and two months after storage to commercial use. For this, we used a lot of cv. Catissol 01 achenes previously aged at 45°C for zero, 24 and 36 hours. For each lot, there achenes were submitted to osmopriming in KNO3 and polyethyleneglycol (PEG) 6000 solutions and to hydropriming with subsequent drying. Following, lots were divided into two sub-lots, the first one being immediately evaluated and the second kept under controlled conditions and evaluated two months after storage. Achenes were submitted to germination tests at zero, 15, 35 e 45°C temperatures and at water potential zero, -0,3, -0,6 e -0,9MPa and vigour tests (first counting, electrical conductivity, accelerated aging, seedlings emergence and speed of seedlings). Results indicated that during the storage, germination maintenance within the standard commercial, when not aged achenes were osmoconditioning with PEG at 25°C and osmoconditioning with KNO3 at -0.3MPa and when achenes artificially aged for 36 hours were osmoconditioning with PEG, at 15°C. There were reduction of the sunflower achenes germination and vigour from water potentials -0.3MPa and temperature of 25°C.

Condicionamento fisiológico na germinação e no vigor de sementes armazenadas de café / Stored coffee seeds germination and vigour as affected by physiological conditioning

O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar o efeito do condicionamento fisiológico na germinação e no vigor de sementes armazenadas de café. Para tanto, as sementes de café da cultivar "Catuaí Vermelho IAC 144" foram secas até atingir 30 por cento de água e expostas a quatro condições de conservação: combinação de dois materiais de embalagens (polietileno e algodão) e de dois ambientes de armazenamento (câmara seca e ambiente sem controle de temperatura e umidade relativa do ar). Após zero, três, seis e nove meses de armazenamento, as sementes foram submetidas ao condicionamento fisiológico, empregando-se a técnica de exposição em câmara com atmosfera saturada e a de condicionamento osmótico com PEG 6000 a 0,0 e a -0,4MPa. Sementes não-condicionadas foram usadas como controle. As sementes foram submetidas à determinação do teor de água e aos testes de germinação, de vigor e de sanidade. O condicionamento fisiológico favoreceu a germinação e o vigor das sementes de café armazenadas em embalagem de polietileno e em câmara seca, durante nove meses.

The objective of this research was to evaluate the effect of priming on stored coffee seeds germination and vigour. The coffee seeds, cv. ‘Catuaí Vermelho IAC 144’ were dried at 30 percent of moisture content and exposed to four storage conditions combined with two packing materials (polyethylene and cotton) and two storage environments (dry chamber and uncontrolled environment). After each storage period (zero, three, six and nine months), the seeds were submitted to priming treatments by saturated atmosphere or osmotic conditioning with PEG 6000 at 0.0 and -0.4MPa. Unprimed seeds were used as control. The seeds were evaluated by tests of moisture content, germination, vigour and health test. The physiological conditioning favored the seeds germination and vigour that were stored in the polyethylene packs and maintained in the dry chamber, during nine months.

Study on pharmacological effects of Vietnamese ginseng leaves

Vietnamese ginseng leaves had the effect on the central nervous system, shortening pentobarbital-induced sleeping time in smaller doses and lengthening pentobarbital- induced sleeping time in larger doses. Vietnamese ginseng leaves extract (600, 1200mg/kg p.o) and its total saponin (200mg/kg p.o) significantly recovered the stress-induced decrease in pentobarbital sleep to the normal level. In the other hand, Vietnamese ginseng leaves extract and its total saponin have the invigoration and antioxidant effects