The effect of different intraocular irrigating solutions on lens opacity after pars plana vitrectomy for proliferative diabetic retinopathy / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

@#AIM: To explore the effect of different intraocular irrigating solutions on lens opacity after pars plana vitrectomy(PPV)for proliferative diabetic retinopathy(PDR).<p>METHODS: Totally 48 subjects(48 eyes)patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy from March 2018 to February 2019 were enrolled in this study, randomly divided into BSS intraocular irrigating solution group(23 cases and 23 eyes)and Shike intraocular irrigating solution group(25 cases and 25 eyes). LOCS grading system Ⅲ was applied to grade lens opacity. Pentacam occipital analyzer was applied to analyze the density and thickness of lens, and the results were compared and discussed.<p>RESULTS:Three months after PPV,NC, P score and the density of lens in LOCSIII grade in the two groups were significantly higher than those before surgery(<i>P</i><0.05), but the C score was not different significantly(<i>P</i>>0.05). In addition, the thickness of the lens in BSS intraocular irrigating solution group was significantly higher than that before PPV(<i>P</i><0.05), but there was no significant difference in the Shike intraocular irrigating solution group(<i>P</i>>0.05). NC, P score, the density and thickness of lens were significantly lower in Shike intraocular irrigating solution group than those in the BSS intraocular irrigating solution group. But the C score was not different significantly between the two groups(<i>P</i>>0.05).<p>CONCLUSION: Shike intraocular irrigating solution can delay the development of postoperative complicated cataract formation.

Efeito do hipoclorito de cálcio na resistência de adesão do cimento obturador AH Plus à dentina / Effect of calcium hypochlorite on the bond strength of the AH Plus sealer to dentin

Objetivo: avaliar o efeito do uso de hipoclorito de cálcio (Ca(OCl)2) como irrigante na resistência de adesão do cimento AH Plus (De Trey-Dentsply, Konstanz, Alemanha) à dentina pelo teste de micro push-out. Materiais e método: trinta e três dentes humanos monorradiculares foram seccionados transversalmente na junção amelocementária e divididos em três grupos: hipoclorito de sódio (NaOCl) 2,5%, hipoclorito de cálcio 2,5% e soro fisiológico. Os canais foram preparados, irrigados ao final com EDTA 17% e obturados com cones de guta percha e cimento AH Plus. Após armazenagem por 7 dias, em 100% de umidade e a 37°C, os dentes foram seccionados transversalmente ao longo do eixo da raiz. Foram obtidas três fatias de cada dente (n=33), que foram submetidas ao ensaio de push-out. O tipo de falha foi analisado por fractografia e classificado em falha adesiva, coesiva ou mista. Os valores de resistência de união foram analisados pelo teste de Kruskal-Wallis, com nível de significância de 95%. Resultados: o grupo Ca(OCl)2 2,5% apresentou a menor média de resistência de adesão, diferindo estatisticamente do NaOCl e do soro fisiológico (p<0,05). Não houve diferença estatística entre os grupos irrigados com soro e NaOCl (p>0,05). Conclusões: a falha predominante em todos os grupos foi a do tipo adesiva. O Ca(OCl)2 2,5% teve um efeito negativo sobre a força de adesão do AH Plus à dentina radicular quando comparado ao NaOCl 2,5%. (AU)

Objective: to evaluate the effect of calcium hypochlorite (Ca(OCl)2) as an irrigant on the bond strength of the AH Plus sealer (De Trey-Dentsply, Konstanz, Germany) to dentin, using the micro push-out test. Materials and method: thirty-three single-rooted human teeth were cross-sectioned on the cementoenamel junction and divided into three groups: 2.5% sodium hypochlorite (Na- OCl), 2.5% calcium hypochlorite, and saline solution. The canals were prepared, irrigated with 17% EDTA at the end, and filled with gutta-percha cones and AH Plus sealer. After being stored for seven days at 100% humidity and 37ºC, the teeth were cross-sectioned along the root axis. Three slices of each tooth (n=33) were obtained and subjected to the push-out test. Failure mode was analyzed by fractography and classified as adhesive, cohesive, or mixed. Bond strength values were analyzed by the Kruskall-Wallis test at 95% significance level. Results: the 2.5% Ca(OCl)2 group showed the lowest bond strength mean, differing statistically from 2.5% NaOCl and saline solution (p<0.05). There was no statistical difference between the groups irrigated with saline solution and NaOCl (p>0.05). Conclusion: the adhesive failure was predominant in all groups. The 2.5% Ca(OCl)2 had a negative effect on the bond strength of AH Plus to the root dentin when compared to 2.5% NaOCl. (AU)

The effect of the modified root canal preparation method with different liquid continuous flushing on the anti-fracture properties of mechanical nickel-titanium file / 实用口腔医学杂志

Objective: To study the effect of the modified preparation method with root canal flushing of different solutions on the anti-fracture properties of mechanical nickel-titanium filings. Methods: A transparent resin model of root canal was established. ProTaper Universal (PTU F1) instrument was used to prepare the root canals. The number of prepared root canals by each PTU F1 with the various solutions(n = 20) was recorded and compared among groups. Results: 6. 13 ± 3. 52 root canals were prepared in distilled water group, 6. 25 ± 1. 76 in 0. 9％saline group, 6. 27 ± 2. 07 of 0. 2％ chlorhexidine group, 6. 88 ± 3. 21 in 1％ sodium hypochlorite group, 4. 31 ± 2. 34 in 5％ sodium hypochlorite group and 3. 26 ± 2. 08 in dry drilling group. The number between each 2 of distilled water, 0. 9％saline group, 0. 2％chlorhexidine group and 1％ sodium hypochlorite group, and the number between 5％ sodium hypochlorite group and dry drilling group was not statistically significant(P＞ 0. 05). The number of prepared root canals in the first 4 groups was more than that in the latter 2 groups(P＜ 0. 05). Conclusion: Distilled water, 0. 9％ saline, 0. 2％ chlorhexidine or 1％ sodium hypochlorite for root canal irrigation can improve mechanical nickel-titanium instrument for fatigue resistance in root canal preparation, but 5％ sodium hypochlorite and dry drilling can not.

The efficacy of 3 irrigating solution in surgical removal of lower wisdom tooth: a pilot study

Surgical removal of impacted lower wisdom tooth has become increasingly costly to patient while still remains as the most common dental surgical procedure that is performed on outpatient basis. In the present study, a total of 23 patients with impacted lower wisdom tooth were surgically removed under local anaesthesia by using different irrigating solution namely, normal saline, distilled water and chlorhexidine. The samples underwent standard operating procedures and medication. Post operative complications in terms of pain, swelling, infection and delayed wound healing were assessed and compared on Day 1 and Day 7 after surgery. The result of this study showed that there is no significant difference between the three irrigating solution used in surgical removal of impacted lower wisdom tooth in terms of postoperative complication. A bigger scale of research with more samples is recommended to evaluate the most efficacy irrigating solution during surgical removal of impacted lower wisdom tooth.

Comparison of the apple vinegar with other chelating solutions on smear layer and calcium ions removal from the root canal.

Background: The action of endodontic instruments during biomechanical preparation results in smear layer formation. Removing the smear layer enhances disinfection into dentinal tubules in addition to allowing tridimensional sealing of the root canal system. Aim: This study was designed to evaluate the smear layer removal and quantify the calcium ion release resulting from final irrigation with different chelating solutions. Materials and Methods: Fifty human canines were instrumented and the final irrigation was performed with apple vinegar, 5% malic acid, 5% acetic acid, 17% ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA), and distilled water (control), which were collected and analyzed by atomic absorption spectrometry to quantify the concentration of calcium ions released. Smear layer removal was assessed in the cervical, middle, and apical thirds by SEM. Results: There was statistically significant difference (P < 0.001) between 17% EDTA and the other solutions with regard to smear layer removal. Apple vinegar, 5% malic acid, and 5% acetic acid promoted similar root canal cleaning. There was no statistical difference among the root canal thirds. The highest concentrations of calcium ions were obtained with 17% EDTA (P<0.001) followed by malic acid, apple vinegar, and acetic acid. Apple vinegar and acetic acid removed the smallest quantity of calcium ions. Conclusion: It was concluded that 17% EDTA enabled greater smear layer removal and promoted release of the highest concentrations of calcium ions than the other solutions tested.

Dissolution of connective tissue in sodium hypochlorite alone and in combination with 3 percent hydrogen peroxide / Disolución de tejido conectivo en hipoclorito de sodio solo y en combinación con peróxido de hidrógeno al 3 por ciento

The aim was to evaluate the dissolution of porcine muscle using sodium hypochlorite in several concentrations and in combination with 3 percent hydrogen peroxide. Small pieces of porcine muscle were cut and their weight adjusted at 0.02g to be submerged in 1 ml of each test solution which was changed in 1 minute intervals until complete dissolution of the sample was observed. The 75 pieces of tissue were divided in 5 groups and different irrigant solutions were used as follows: Group 1, 5 percent sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl 5 percent). Group 2, 2.5 percent sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl 2.5 percent). Group 3, 2.5 percent sodium hypochlorite and 3 percent hydrogen peroxide alternately (NaOCl 2.5 percent + H2O2 3 percent). Group 4,3 percent hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and group 5 used saline (NaCl 0.9 percent) as a negative control. For 5 percent sodium hypochlorite the mean time until complete dissolution of the sample was 17.5 minutes. The mean time for group 2 was 18.5, for group 3 was 64.6 minutes and for groups 4 and 5 there was no tissue dissolution after 120 minutes. To evaluate statistical significance ANOVA multi sample test was performed and Tukey post hoc test with significance level at P=0.05. Under the conditions of this study there were no significant differences with the use of sodium hypochlorite at 5 percent and 2.5 percent in terms of dissolution speed (P=0.6). The combination of sodium hypochlorite and hydrogen peroxide alternately caused a statistical significant delay in the dissolution of porcine muscle (P<0.05). The combination of sodium hypochlorite and hydrogen peroxide does not offer any benefit in terms of speed of dissolution of connective necrotic tissue...

El objetivo fue evaluar la disolución de tejido muscular porcino por acción del hipoclorito de sodio en varias concentraciones y en combinación con peróxido de hidrógeno al 3 por ciento. Se cortaron trozos de tejido muscular porcino y se ajustó su peso a 0,02 g para ser inmersos en 1 ml de cada una de las soluciones de irrigación de prueba hasta observar la total disolución de la muestra. 75 piezas de tejido fueron divididas en 5 grupos y se utilizaron diferentes soluciones de irrigación como se describe: Grupo 1, hipoclorito de sodio al 5 por ciento (NaOCl 5 por ciento). Grupo 2, hipoclorito de sodio al 2,5 por ciento (NaOCl 2,5 por ciento). Grupo 3, hipoclorito de sodio al 2,5 por ciento alternado con peróxido de hidrógeno al 3 por ciento (NaOCl 2,5 por ciento + H2O2 3 por ciento). Grupo 4, peróxido de hidrógeno al 3 por ciento (H2O2) y el grupo 5 utilizó solución salina (NaCl 0,9 por ciento) como control negativo. Para el hipoclorito de sodio al 5 por ciento la mediana del tiempo hasta la disolución total del tejido fue 17,5 minutos. La mediana del tiempo para el grupo 2 fue 18,5 para el grupo 3, 64,6 minutos y para los grupos 4 y 5 no se observó disolución del tejido de muestra tras 120 minutos. La significancia estadística se determinó con el test ANOVA multi muestra y se realizó test Tukey pos hoc con un nivel de significancia P=0,05. Bajo los parámetros de este estudio no hubo diferencia significativa con el uso de hipoclorito de sodio al 2,5 y 5 por ciento en términos de velocidad de disolución del tejido conectivo (P=0,6). La combinación de hipoclorito de sodio y peróxido de hidrógeno de forma alternada causó un retraso estadísticamente significativo en la disolución de tejido muscular porcino (P<0,05). El uso alternado de hipoclorito de sodio y peróxido de hidrógeno no ofrece ningún beneficio en términos de velocidad de disolución de tejido conectivo necrótico...

Clinical study on three irrigating solution of conjunctival sac before intraocular surgery / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective To evaluate clinical application of irrigating solution of conjunctival sac be-fore intraocular surgery,which can clean the conjunctival sac with low irritability and low environmental pollution. Methods Patients (210 cases) without systemic inflammatory response and with expected in-traocular surgery were divided into three groups randomly (70 cases in each group). Group A used normal saline(200 ml). Group B used the mixed solution of 0.02% mercury bichloride(100 ml) and normal saline(100 ml). Group C used the mixed solution of 0.4% gentamicin (100 ml) and normal saline (100 ml).The specimens of conjunctival sac were collected and sent to check before and after irrigating.In 15 and 30 min-utes after irrigating,the conjunctival congestions of three groups were compared. Results There was no statistical difference in bacterial positive rate among three groups before and after irrigating:, bacterial posi-tive rate was 62.86% in group A, 54.29% in group B, 50.00% in group C before irrigating; 31.43% in group A, 27.14% in group B, 20.00% in group C after irrigating. There were statistical difference in bacterial cul-ture of conjunctival sac among three groups before and after irrigating (P< 0.05). The comparison of con- junctival congestion: group B had the most serious irritation, group C was median, group A had lightest irri-tation. Conclusions Normal saline as irrigating solution of conjunctival sac for intmecular surgery can reduce chemical irritation and toxicity by reducing use of antibiotics. It can supply clear visual operativefield for doctors so it can substitute traditional irrigating solution of conjunctival sac.

The Effect of Irrigating Solution on the Corneal Endothelial Structures during Phacoemulsification

PURPOSE: To determine the effects of BSS Plus(R) and Optiplus(R) irrigating solution on the corneal endothelium in patients undergoing phacoemulsification with posterior chamber lens implantation. METHODS: The study comprised 42 eyes irrigated with BSS Plus(R) and 37 eyes irrigated with Optiplus(R) solution. Cell density of the corneal endothelial cell, coefficient variation of the cell area, hexagonality, and central corneal thickness were measured. RESULTS: There was no significant difference between the two solutions in their effect on corneal endothelial cell density, coefficient variation of the cell area, hexagonality, and central corneal thickness postoperatively after one day, one month, and two months (p>0.05). CONCLUSIONS: There were no differences in the effects of BSS Plus(R) and Optiplus(R) on the measured parameters of the corneal endothelium over the first two postoperative months.

The Effect of Anterior Chamber Irrigation with OcuLarsol(R) on the Corneal Endothelial Cells

PURPOSE: To verify the stability and effect of OcuLarsol(R), which was newly developed for irrigating solution, by evaluating influence on cornea. METHODS: In vivo study group, after an irrigation and aspiration instrument was put into rabbit's anterior chamber: one eye was irrigated with OcuLarsol(R) for 15 minutes, and the other eye with the balanced salt solution (BSS(R), Alcon, USA). After the operation, corneal changes were observed for a week. In vitro study group, after enucleating of rabbits' eyeballs, corneas were mounted in a dual chambered specular microscope and perfused with glutathione bicarbonate Ringer's solution (GBR) for one hour: one cornea of the pair was perfused with OcuLarsol(R) and the other cornea was perfused with BSS(R) for 2-3 hours. After perfusion, corneal swelling rates and endothelial permeability were measured. RESULTS: In vivo study group, central corneal thickness measurement and endothelial cell count showed that there was no significant difference between the two groups on the day of operation, and 1st, 3rd and 7th day after the operation (p>0.05). Corneal endothelial observation with Alizarin red S, HandE stain, and scanning electron microscope detected no difference in cell shape and density. In vitro study group, corneal swelling rates and endothelial permeability showed no significant difference between OcuLarsol(R) and BSS(R) group and transmission electron microscope showed endothelial cells with normal organelles in all groups. CONCLUSIONS: There was no significant difference between the two irrigating solutions, BSS(R) and OcuLarsol(R), in terms of effect and side effects.

Protecting effects of topical hypothermia to blood-ocular barriers in intraocular operation / 医学研究生学报

Objective:To investigate whether topical hypothermia circumstance has the protective effects to the blood-ocular barriers during intraocular operations.Methods:Twenty New Zealand albino rabbits accepted vitrectomy in both eyes,useing hypothermal(4-10℃) intraocular irrigating solution in left eye(hypothermal intraocular irrigating solution group),and useing room temperature(25℃) intraocular irrigating solution in right eye(room temperature intraocular irrigating solution group)during the vitrectomy.Twenty-four hours after the operation,the retina of both eyes were checked;each eye accepted cavum vitreum perforation,and 0.5 ml of intraocular fluid were aspirsted for biochemical detection as well;as well as the retinas cut off for transmission electron microscopical(TEM) observations. Results:Inflammatory reaction of anterior ocular and the uvea in left eyes were generally slighter than the right eyes;dioptric media clarity of left eyes were also better than that in left eyes;average total protein concentration of the intraocular fluid was obviously lower than that in left eye(P

The Changes of Ultrastructure and Function of the Corneal Endothelial Cell Caused by the New Irrigating Solution(HR solution)

The purpose of this study was to evaluate alterations in corneal endothelial cell function and ultrastructure followed by perfusion with HR solution which is a newly developed irrigating solution in Korea. After paired rabbit corneas were mounted in the in-vitro dual-chambered specular microscope and perfused with glutathione-bicarbonate-Ringer solution(GBR)for one hour, one cornea of the pair was perfused with HR and the other cornea was perfused with BSS(r), BSS Plus(r)or IOCARE(r)solution. Corneal thickness was measured every 15 minutes throughout the perfusion period. Swelling rates were calculated by linear regression analysis. At the end of perfusion, the corneas were fixed in 2.5%glutaraldehyde solution for transmission electron microscopy(TEM)or fixed in mixed solution of 0.5% glutaraldehyde and 0.5% paraformaldehyde for scanning electron microscopy(SEM). In another experiment, corneal endothelial permeability was measured. Swelling rates of rabbit corneas perfused with HR or BSS(r)were 5.57+/-0.97 micrometer/hr and 6.45+/0.74 micrometer/hr respectively(p>0.05), and swelling rates when perfusing with HR or IOCARE(r)were 7.87+/-0.45 micrometer/hr and 7.25+/-0.32 micrometer/hr respectively(p>0.05). Swelling rate of rabbit corneas perfused with BSS Plus(r) was 3.88+/-1.34 micrometer/hr that is lower than that of HR(5.35+/-0.69 micrometer/hr), but the difference is not significant statistically(p>0.05). The endothelial permeability of the cornea perfused with BSS(r) or HR were 2.97+/-0.23x10(-4)cm/min and 3.01+/-0.1 5x10(-4)cm/min respectively which showed no significant differences between the two(p>0.1). TEM and SEM of corneas perfused with HR showed endothelial cells with normal organelles, like with BSS(r) and BSS Plus(r). The results of this study indicate that HR solution maintain the function of corneal endothelium.

The Effect of Antibiotics in the Irrigation Solution on Corneal Endothelial Function

The practice of adding antibiotics to anterior chamber-irrigating solutions as a prophylaxis for endophthalmitis has been used recently.To evaluate corneal endothelial toxicity of different concentrations of antibiotics in irrigating solutions, rabbit corneas were mounted in the in-vitro dual-cham-bered specular microscope and the endothelium was perfused with glu-tathione-bicarbonate Ringer solution (GBR)containing antibiotics such as ofloxacin, vancomycin or cephapirin.Mate corneas were perfused with GBR alone and used as control.Corneal thickness was measured every 15 minutes throughout the perfusion period and corneal swelling rates were calculated. Swelling rates of corneas perfused with 2 /ml or 5 /ml ofloxacin, 60 microgram/ml or1 0 /ml vancomycin, and 10 /ml or 20 /ml cephapirin was not significantly different from that of control (p>0.05).The corneas perfused with 20 /ml cephapirin deswelled probably due to high osmolarity of it.Perfusion with 10 /ml vancomycin plus 5 /ml ofloxacin did not show corneal swelling compared to control (p>0.05).This study demonstrates that the above concentra-tions of antibiotics in irrigating solutions do not affect endothelial function of the rabbit cornea.