Testing the effectiveness of natural and artificial substrates for coral reef restoration at Isla Isabel National Park, Mexico

Introduction: The branching coral Pocillopora is the main reef-building species in the Eastern Tropical Pacific (ETP) region. However, their populations have been threatened due to the intense effect of thermal-stress events in the last three decades. As a mitigating response, active restoration strategies have been developed. However, it has not been possible to establish specific protocols along the ETP's reefs. Objective: To evaluate the efficiency of two different substrates (natural vs. artificial), through coral growth comparison (extension rate and tissue area) in three Pocillopora coral morphospecies within a year. Methods: Coral growth was estimated by two techniques: extension rate and tissue area of P. cf. verrucosa, P. cf. capitata, and P. cf. damicornis every three months during a year. Results: The extension rate and superficial area growth vary among the coral morphospecies P. cf. verrucosa (16.33 mm yr-1 and 168.49 mm2 yr-1), P. cf. capitata (16.25 mm yr-1 and 176.83 mm2 yr-1), and P. cf. damicornis (12.38 mm yr-1 and 87.62 mm2 yr-1). The data reveals that substrate type did not affect Pocillopora growth, yet there was an effect caused by seasonal changes. Conclusions: This study demonstrates that coral restoration can be implemented using both natural and artificial substrata, with no differences in coral growth. We recommend the implementation of coral reef restoration programs, highlighting the importance of initiate during the warm season due to optimal growth performance of P. cf. verrucosa and P. cf capitata species, which improves the effectiveness of management actions in Isla Isabel National Park.

Introducción: Los corales ramificados del género Pocillopora son los constructores arrecifales más importantes del Pacífico Tropical Oriental (PTO). Sin embargo, sus poblaciones han disminuido por efectos de eventos de estrés térmico ocurridos las últimas décadas. Por ello, se han desarrollado estrategias de restauración activa como respuesta de mitigación, pero no ha sido posible establecer protocolos específicos para estas especies en el PTO. Objetivo: Evaluar la eficiencia de dos tipos de sustrato (natural vs. artificial) con base en la comparación del crecimiento de coral (tasa de extensión y área de tejido) en tres morfoespecies de Pocillopora a lo largo de un año. Métodos: Las estimaciones del crecimiento coralino se hicieron con dos técnicas (extensión lineal y área superficial) en P. cf. verrucosa, P. cf. capitata and P.cf. damicornis cada tres meses durante un año. Resultados: Las tasa de extensión y crecimiento del área superficial variaron entre las morfoespecies de P. cf. verrucosa (16.33 mm año-1 y 168.49 mm2 año-1), P. cf. capitata (16.25 mm año -1 y 176.83 mm2 año-1), y P.cf. damicornis (12.38 mm año-1 y 87.62 mm2 año-1). Los resultados mostraron que los tipos de sustratos no afectaron el crecimiento de los corales Pocillopora, aunque existió un efecto causado por el cambio de la estación climática, donde la estación cálida promueve un incremento su crecimiento. Conclusiones: Este estudio demuestra que la restauración de corales puede ser implementada con sustrato artificial o natural, sin diferencias en el crecimiento de corales entre ellos. Nosotros recomendamos continuar con la implementación de los programas de restauración de arrecifes de coral, resaltando, la importancia de iniciarlos en la estación cálida cuando existe un desempeño más óptimo en el crecimiento, particularmente de las especies P. cf. verrucosa y P. cf. capitata, lo cual ayudará a mejorar la efectividad de las acciones de manejo en el Parque Nacional Isla Isabel.

Palabras clave: Isla Isabel; coral hermatípico; Pacífico Central Mexicano Central; restauración arrecifal.

Repair of soft tissue defect of the middle and lower leg with island flap / 中华医学美学美容杂志

Objective:To investigate the methods and effect of wound repair after partial skin and soft tissue necrosis of middle and lower leg fracture surgery.Methods:Three kinds of island flaps were used to repair the wound after skin and soft tissue necrosis of middle and lower leg fracture surgery in 22 patients. Nine patients were repaired with sural neurotrophic fascial flaps, 7 patients with posterior tibial artery perforator flaps, and 6 patients with peroneal artery perforator flaps. The area of wound defect was 3.0 cm×3.8 cm to 12.0 cm×9.0 cm. The donor area was directly sutured, or free skin grafted.Results:All patients were the cases after partial skin and soft tissue necrosis of middle and lower leg fracture surgery, with bone, internal fixation plate or tendon exposed. The skin flaps in 21 patients were survived, and the wound healed by first intention. The sural neurotrophic fascial flap necrosis in one patient was due to hematoma and entrapment in vascular pedicle. After 5 to 24 months (mean 9 months) follow-up, texture of flaps was good, no ulcer occured, and outlook of the repaired wound was satisfied. The sutured wound of donor site and skin-grafting had healed by first stage intention.Conclusions:Repair with island flap is an ideal way to the defect wound after skin and soft tissue necrosis of middle and lower leg fracture surgery.

Reconstruction of anterior auricular defect with postauricular island / 中华医学美学美容杂志

Objective:To investigate the clinical effect of postauricular island flap in reconstruction of anterior auricular defect.Methods:Twelve patients with auricular tumors were retrospectively analyzed in the Department of Aesthetic Plastic and Craniofacial Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University. After the tumors were completely removed, the skin defects were repaired with retroauricular island flaps, and the clinical results of the flaps were observed.Results:All the twelve postauricular island flaps were survived postoperatively. One of the flaps had the disorder of blood supply. After puncture with the needle, the congestion was drained out and the flap survived finally. During 1 to 2 years' follow-up, all patients were well satisfied with the surgical results.Conclusions:The posterior auricular island flap in reconstruction of anterior auricular defect has the advantages of simple and easy operation, high survival rate, small scar in the donor area and good aesthetic effect, which is worthy of clinical promotion.

Flap of distal cutaneous perforator of medial plantar artery in reconstrution of destructive defect in the base plane of proximal phalange of great toe / 中华显微外科杂志

Objective:To investigate the clinical effect of perforator flap of distal cutaneous perforator of medial plantar artery in recon struction of destructive defect in the base plane of proximal phalange of great toe.Methods:Twenty-six patients were treated in the Department of Foot and Ankle Surgery of Xuzhou Renci Hospital from September 2017 to December 2021. The patients were 24 males and 2 females, aged 26 to 60 years old. There were 12 defects in left foot and 14 in right foot. All the defects were the residual wounds at the first metatarsophalangeal joint with the defect at 2.0 cm × 3.0 cm - 4.0 cm × 5.0 cm in size. The flaps pedicled with distal cutaneous perforator of the medial plantar artery were used to repair the defects, with a size at 3.2 cm× 4.2 cm in average. Skin grafts were employed to repair the donor sites. Postoperative patient management including lifting the affected limbs and keeping warm, anti-infection, detumescence, anti-coagulation and pain relief.Results:All patients were entered in postoperative follow-up at outpatient clinic for 1-3 years. Twenty-two flaps survived after surgery, except 4 that had dark purple edge indicating venous congestion. Blood supply of the flap was regained after the tension of the flap was relieved by interval suture removal. Appearance of flaps was good, without obvious swelling nor pigmentation, good in elasticity, in hard texture and with good wear resistance. Patients showed no limp of the affected limbs, and without restriction in wearing shoes or walking. The function of feet was evaluated according to the American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Societ (AOFAS) I50, with 24 patients in excellent and 2 in good.Conclusion:The anatomy of the flap pedicled with distal cutaneous perforator of the medial plantar artery is relatively constant. It provides a blood supply and does not affect the trunk of major artery. The flap has a thick skin cuticle hence it is wear-resistant. This flap provides a choice to the repair of a defect at proximal segment of great toe.

Bipedicled scrotal flaps combined with keystone-design perforator island flaps in repairing postoperative large-area defects in 6 male patients with extramammary Paget′s disease of the perineum / 中华皮肤科杂志

Objective:To evaluate clinical efficacy of bipedicled scrotal flaps combined with keystone-design perforator island flaps in repairing postoperative large-area defects in male patients with extramammary Paget′s disease of the perineum.Methods:Clinical data were collected from 6 male patients with extramammary Paget′s disease of the perineum in Dermatology Hospital of Jiangxi Province from February 2018 to March 2019, and analyzed retrospectively. These patients were aged from 70 to 84 years (median, 77.5 years) , skin lesions involved the mons pubis, penis and scrotum, and the area of postoperative skin defects varied from 18 to 133 cm 2 (median, 96 cm 2) in size. In all the patients, mons pubis defects after tumor resection were repaired with abdominal keystone-design perforator island flaps, and scrotal and penile defects were repaired with bipedicled scrotal flaps using the remaining scrotal tissues. These patients were followed up at 1 and 3 months after surgery and every 3 months thereafter. Results:All the 6 patients were followed up for 3 - 36 months, with an average of 10 months. All flaps survived with a good color and texture match, and favorable function and appearance were achieved in both the donor and recipient sites.Conclusions:The bipedicled scrotal flaps combined with keystone-design perforator island flaps can repair postoperative large-area defects in male patients with extramammary Paget′s disease of the perineum. Moreover, the operation is simple, and good blood supply can be achieved.

Clinical analysis of diversity of defect repair with supraclavicular island flap after head and neck tumor surgery / 临床耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

Objective:To investigate the diversity and clinical effect of supraclavicular island flap in repairing the defect after head and neck tumor surgery. Methods:A retrospective analysis was performed on 30 patients who received the repair of head and neck defects with supraclavicular island flaps at Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University from January 2017 to March 2023. The sites and types of defects, intraoperative blood loss, time of flaps preparation, areas of flaps, survival of the flaps and other complications were recorded. Results:A total of 30 patients were enrolled, including 26 males and 4 females, aged 36-82 years. Among them, 22 patients with hypopharyngeal partial defect were repaired （19 patients with ipsilateral defect and 3 patients with contralateral defect）. In addition, 2 patients were repaired with contralateral pectoralis major musculocutaneous flap around the hypopharynx, the neck skin defect was repaired in 2 patients, the parotid skin defect was repaired in 2 patients, the temporal bone skin defect was repaired in 1 patient, and the cervical esophageal defect was repaired in 1 patient. The average blood loss during the operation was 8 ml, and the average time was 32 min. The flap areas ranged from 5.0 cm×4.0 cm to 20.0 cm×8.0 cm. 27 of 30 flaps survived（90.0%）, and pharyngeal fistula occurred in 6 patients after operation（4 flaps survived after local dressing）. One patient was complicated with venous thrombosis（the flap necrosis after local dressing）. Shoulder and neck functions（lift, internal rotation and abduction） were not significantly affected in 29 patients, and the function of 1 patient with shoulder infection was not affected after treatment. Conclusion:Supraclavicular island flap is a highly vascularized axial fascial flap. It is easy to make, thin, and soft in texture, and can be used to repair different sites and types of postoperative head and neck tumor defects with a low donor site complication rate. Good results in post-operative repair of head and neck tumors are worth promoting.

Nutrition in times of crisis: A qualitative study in Siargao Island, Philippines, during the COVID-19 pandemic

Objectives@#Despite the public-health significance of both malnutrition and crises, little has been done to explore the convergence of the two domains and develop ways to improve policies and practices, especially in rural communities. This article remedies that knowledge gap by focusing on nutrition-related changes, responses, and practices during crisis situations in Siargao Island, Philippines, using the COVID-19 pandemic as a backdrop.@*Methods@#Forty-six (46) semi-structured interviews were conducted among parents, caregivers, local health workers, and local officials of Del Carmen, Siargao Island. Principles of thematic analysis were applied to data analysis using NVivo 12. Afterwards, the preliminary data were presented in a virtual validation session with the local community and stakeholders.@*Results@#Despite the high prevalence of malnutrition amid a backdrop of economic and nutritional difficulties, the community members generally viewed their children as healthy. Rice remained (disproportionately) central to people’s diets; possible alternatives like root crops were considered emergency foods only and not culturally acceptable as staples, in spite of their cheap and ubiquitous nature. Lastly, the economic and financial repercussions of the COVID-19 pandemic have also negatively affected the community members’ overall nutrition and food sources.@*Conclusion@#More efforts should be directed toward encouraging the consumption of root vegetables and fruits as rice alternatives in everyday diet—a costeffective strategy that would also promote dietary diversification. More importantly, nutrition responses should consider local food systems in terms of specific local economies and geographies, while health promotion efforts should engage with local notions of ‘health’ and ‘nutrition’ and encourage community participation in (re)designing policy interventions.

Seagrass density correlates with burrow abundance and size in the Zebra Mantis Shrimp (Stomatopoda: Lysiosquillidae) / La densidad de los pastos marinos se correlaciona con la abundancia y el tamaño de las madrigueras de los camarones mantis cebra (Stomatopoda: Lysiosquillidae)

Introduction: Mantis shrimps are ecologically and economically important organisms in marine ecosystems. However, there is still a lack of information about their habitat, in particular, their burrows. Objective: To analyze how dense and sparse mantis shrimp burrows differ in abundance, size, sediment grain size, and water quality. Methods: We counted burrows in 10 x 10 m2 random plots in sparse and dense seagrass (ten plots per density), around Barrang Lompo Island, South Sulawesi, Indonesia. Sampling took place at spring low tide from August to September 2017. Results: Two mantis shrimp species were observed: Lysiosquillina maculate and L. sulcata. Dense and sparse seagrass burrows did not differ in wall grain size or water parameters, both inside and outside of the burrows (P > 0.05). Similarly, there was no correlation between burrow depth and diameter in either dense (P > 0.05; r= 0.27) or sparse (P > 0.05; r= 0.33) seagrass. However, larger burrows tend to occur in denser beds, but there were more burrows in denser seagrass (t-test, P < 0.05). Conclusions: There seems to be a preference for dense seagrass beds, especially by larger mantis shrimps. The correlation between shrimp burrow abundance and seagrass density highlights the importance of conserving the quality as well as the extent of seagrass habitat.

Introducción: Los camarones mantis son organismos ecológica y económicamente importantes en los ecosistemas marinos. Sin embargo, aún falta información sobre su hábitat, en particular sobre sus madrigueras. Objetivo: Analizar cómo difieren las madrigueras de los camarones mantis en su abundancia, tamaño, tamaño de grano de los sedimentos y calidad del agua. Métodos: Contamos las madrigueras en parcelas de 10 x 10 m2 al azar (diez parcelas por densidad) en pastos marinos densos y poco densos, alrededor de la isla de Barrang Lompo, Sulawesi del Sur, Indonesia. Resultados: Se observaron dos especies de camarones mantis: Lysiosquillina maculata y L. sulcata. El tamaño de grano de las paredes de las madrigueras y los parámetros de agua, tanto dentro y fuera de la madriguera no variaron (P > 0.05). Tampoco hubo correlación entre la profundidad y el diámetro de las madrigueras, tanto en praderas densas (P > 0.05; r= 0.27), como no densas (P > 0.05; r= 0.33). Sin embargo, las madrigueras más grandes tienden a aparecer en las praderas densas, además había más madrigueras en pastos densos (t-test, P < 0.05). Conclusiones: Parece haber una preferencia por las praderas marinas densas, especialmente en los camarones mantis de mayor tamaño. La correlación entre la abundancia de madrigueras de camarones y la densidad de pastos marinos pone de manifiesto la importancia de conservar la calidad del hábitat de los pastos, así como su extensión.

Insect (Hexapoda) Diversity in the Oceanic Archipelago of Fernando de Noronha, Brazil: Scenopinidae (Diptera) / Diversidade de insetos (Hexapoda) no Arquipélago Oceânico de Fernando de Noronha, Brasil: Scenopinidae (Diptera)

Abstract: This paper covers the first record of window flies, Scenopinidae (Diptera), in the archipelago of Fernando de Noronha, Brazil: Scenopinus schulzi Enderlein, which is briefly characterized. This species was recorded in low numbers: three males and 13 female specimens. The occurrence of scenopinids in Fernando de Noronha is regarded as an extension of the Brazilian mainland continental fauna. The colonization of the archipelago is discussed.

Resumo: Este trabalho faz o primeiro registro de uma espécie de Scenopinidae no Arquipélago de Fernando de Noronha, Brasil: Scenopinus schulzi Enderlein, brevemente caracterizada. Esta espécie foi registrada em baixa densidade: três machos e 13 fêmeas. A ocorrência de scenopinideos em Fernando de Noronha é atribuída à extensão territorial da fauna continental e sua colonização no arquipélago é discutida.

Application of facial-submental artery island flap in reconstruction of oral and maxillofacial defects / 口腔疾病防治

@#The facial submental artery island flap (FSAIF) is a fasciocutaneous flap supplied by the facial submental artery. It is in close proximity with many oral and maxillofacial regions, and its tex ture and color are similar to those of the head and face. The flap has a constant and sufficient blood supply, and it is easy to prepare and has high survival rates and few complications. According to the tissue carried, FSAIF can be divided into fasciocutaneous flaps, myocutaneous flaps and simple flaps. The flap can also be made into an osteofasciocutaneous (myocutaneous) flap with a mandible to repair maxillary defects. Because this flap is a pedicled flap, it can greatly shorten the operation time, bed rest time and hospitalization time and has been widely used in repairing medium-sized defects of the oral and maxillofacial region. The indications for FSAIF in repairing maxillofacial defects should be strictly controlled. It can be safely used for benign or malignant tumors without cervical lymph node metastasis. For malignant tumors with cervical lymph node metastasis but without extranodal extension, the flap can be used on the premise of thorough neck dissection. The contraindication is cervical lymph node metastasis and extranodal extension of malignant tumors; therefore, other flaps should be selected for repair.

Repair of soft tissue defect around ankle with lateral tarsal artery island flap / 中华显微外科杂志

Objective:To investigate the surgical method and therapeutic effect on repairing soft tissue defects around ankle with lateral tarsal artery island flap.Methods:From July 2013 to December 2020, the lateral tarsal artery island flap were used to repair the soft tissue defects around ankle in 12 patients in Hand Surgery Department, Jiangnan Hospital Affiliated to Binjiang College. Of which, 6 patients had soft tissue defects complicated with bone or tendon exposure after injury and 6 had skin necrosis with internal fixation after fracture. The area of soft tissue defects was 6.0 cm×4.0 cm-9.0 cm×5.0 cm, and the size of the flaps was 7.0 cm×5.0 cm-10.0 cm×6.0 cm. After the flap was freed, the vascular pedicle was separated up to the origin of dorsalis pedis artery. As the pedicel was not long enough in 1 patient, the dorsal pedis artery was ligated and transected at the origin of the lateral tarsal artery. Full thickness skin graft was used to repair the donor sites. The patients were treated with anti-infection and anticoagulant therapies. The postoperative follow-ups were conducted by outpatient clinic visit, telephone or WeChat interviews or home visit to observe the recoveries in texture, appearance, sensation, donor site and function of ankle.Results:All the flaps and skin grafts survived. The wound healed well without occurrence of ulcer. The follow-up ranged 6-108 months (mean 17 months). Appearance of the flaps was good. It was not bloated and the sensation was restored to S 2-S 3. Conclusion:It is a good method to apply the lateral tarsal artery island flap in repair of the soft tissue defects around ankle. It features a hidden donor site, simple operation and the high level of safety. The texture and appearance of the flap are close to those of the recipient site.

Effect of hallux toe nail flap and adjacent island flap of the middle and ring fingers in repair of degloving injury of distal thumb / 中华显微外科杂志

Objective:To summarise the clinical efficacy and surgical indications for free hallux toe nail flap and adjacent island flap of the middle and ring fingers in repair of distal thumb degloving injuries.Methods:From May 2009 to May 2021, a total of 24 patients (24 digits) with degloving injury of distal thumbs were treated in the Department of Hand and Microsurgery of Baoji Third Hospital. The flap was selected according to the patient's wishes and occupation. Of the 24 patients, 13 were repaired by free hallux toe nail flap transfer (group of hallux toe nail flap), and 11 were repaired by combining the proper palmar digital artery island flap of middle (ulnar side) and ring (radial side) fingers with the same volar common digital artery vascular pedicle (group of tile combined flap). Follow-up was performed at the 1st, 3rd, 6th,12th and 18th months after surgery respectively through outpatient clinic and telephone or WeChat interviews. The follow-ups focused on the appearance, colour, texture and two-point discrimination (TPD) of the flap, as well as thumb flexion, extension, opposition and grasping functions. Functional recovery evaluated according to the Evaluation Standard of Upper Limb Partial Functional of Hand Surgery of Chinese Medical Association.Results:All the 24 flaps survived and all were included in the follow-up. The follow-up lasted 12-60 and 6-18 months, with an average of (18.5±0.5) months and (6.8±0.3) months in group of hallux toe nail flap and group of tile combined flap, respectively. Appearance of thumb body and function at the last follow-up showed: in the group of hallux toe nail flap, the nails, thumbtips and fine sensations were restored, with the TPD at 5-8 mm. The thumb flexion, extension, opposition and grasping functions were good. Apart from without nails and fingerprint, the flaps in the group of tile combined flap had good appearance and texture, and the protective feeling was restored with the TPD at 6-11 mm. The affected thumbs also recovered the basic functions of flexion, extension, opposition and grasping. According to the Trial Standard of Upper Limb Function Evaluation of the Chinese Medical Association Hand Surgery Society, 7 cases were excellent, 5 cases were good, and 1 case was poor in the group of hallux toe nail flap. In the group of tile combined flap, 3 cases were in excellent, 5 in good, and 3 in poor. Appearance of flaps (such as nails and thumbtip fingerprint), fine sensory recovery, and the accuracy and stability of the grasping function, the group of hallux toe nail flap was significantly better than that of the group of tile combined flap. There was no functional impact on the donor site.Conclusion:Both types of flap are classic surgical procedures for repair of distal thumb degloving injury. In order to meet the individual requirement and to improve the efficacy of the treatment, such as for those who have high expectation for digit restoration, especially those who are young with aesthetical or professional requirement, free hallux toe nail flap repair is used to restore the perfect shape and function. And for those who are reluctant to sacrifice their toes or for the middle-aged and elderly people who do not have high expectation for the shape of thumb, a tile combined flap repair is used to restore thumb function.

Relationship of pks gene islands with virulence genes and biofilm formation in Klebsiella pneumoniae / 中华微生物学和免疫学杂志

Objective:To investigate the relationship of pks gene islands with virulence genes, capsular serotypes and biofilm formation in Klebsiella pneumoniae ( Kp). Methods:A total of 113 Kp clinical isolates were collected in the First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University and divided into two groups based on the presence of pks gene islands: pks+ and pks- groups. The hypermucoviscous (HM) phenotype was detected by string test. Five virulence genes ( peg-344, rmpA, rmpA2, iucA, iroB) and six common capsular serotypes (K1, K2, K5, K20, K54, K57) were detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The biofilm formation ability was measured by crystal violet staining. Results:Among the 113 Kp isolates, 46 were pks+ strains and 67 were pks- strains. The detection rate of HM phenotype was higher in the pks+ group than in the pks- group [87.0% (40/46) vs 43.3% (29/67)]. The detection rates of virulence genes ( peg-344, rmpA, rmpA2, iucA, iroB) and K1 serotype in the pks+ group were also higher than those in the pks- group ( P<0.05). The biofilm formation ability of the pks+ strains was higher than the pks- strains ( P<0.05). Conclusions:Kp strains carrying pks gene islands were likely to display a HM phenotype and mainly belonged to the K1 serotype. Most of the pks+Kp strains carried the virulence genes of peg-344, rmpA, rmpA2, iucA and iroB, and had a greater ability to form biofilms.

Platelet apheresis status of blood donors in an island city / 中国输血杂志

【Objective】 To study the characteristics of voluntary apheresis platelet donors in Zhoushan Islands and its influence on the collection and supply of apheresis platelets. 【Methods】 From January 1, 2017 to December 31, 2021, 1038 eligible donors were selected out of 1151 apheresis candidates for demographic analysis, donation time analysis, blood routine test. We also investigated whether the current supply of apheresis platelet met the needs of clinical. The lapsed donors(with only one donation) were telephone interviewed to investigate the lapsing reasons. 【Results】 From 2017 to 2021, the median (M) ratio of platelet donors to the population in Zhoushan City was 0.454 ‰. And 90.18% (1038/1151) of the candidates completed donation, involving 2659 donations and 3205 U products. The per capita donation amount was (1.29±0.77) U per person, which basically met the blood demand in clinical of Zhoushan Islands. The 1038 platelet donors were 18 to 59 yeas old[M(QR) 34(16)], and 47.50% (493/1038) of them aged 31 to 45; the ratio of male to female blood donors was 2.0∶1; 70.61% (733/1038) had college education or above; ABO blood group profile was A>O>B>AB. There were several peak periods of donation during 2017~2021: the second and third quarters of 2017~2019 and the third quarter of 2020; none in 2021, as yeae 2021 was volatile. The donation proportion of the first quarter was the lowest throughout 2017~2021. In 2017 and 2018, the proportion of donors with one donation accounted for 79.79% (75/94) and 51.63% (95/184), respectively. From 2019 to 2021, the proportion of donors with twice or more donation accounted for 60.35% (137/227), 57.36% (187/326) and 53.13% (170/320) , respectively. During 5 years, 10.88% (113/1051) of the candidates failed to donate platelets, of whom 72.57% (82/113) were due to unqualified pre-donation testing. 【Conclusion】 The donation behaviors in Zhoushan have been affected by each above-mentioned demographic factors. The awareness of donation and donation services in Zhoushan have been improved as combing the special geographic condition and demographic characteristics together, and the donation units is elevating yearly which has met the clinical needs of the whole island.

Repair of digit soft tissue defect with dorsal branch of proper palmar digital artery island flap / 中华显微外科杂志

Objective:To investigate the surgical technique and clinical effect of the island flap of dorsal branch of proper palmar digital artery in repair of the soft tissue defect of digits.Methods:From March 2013 to March 2021, 22 cases of digit soft tissue defects were repaired with dorsal branch of proper palmar digital artery island flap. The digit defects involved: 9 thumbs, 5 index fingers, 3 middle fingers, 3 ring fingers and 2 little fingers. The repair of defects covered 8 digit-tips, 7 pulps and 7 dorsal and nail beds. The defected area of soft tissue was 0.8 cm×0.5 cm-1.5 cm×8.0 cm, and the size of flap was 1.0 cm×0.7 cm-1.8 cm×1.0 cm. The donor site in 6 cases was closed directly. The other 16 cases were covered with medium thickness skin graft and pressurised bandaging. The follow-up reviews were carried out via the outpatient clinic visit, telephone or WeChat interview. Results:After operation, 1 flap had cyanosis due to a tight suture and it was relieved after the removal of intermittent suture; Tension blisters appeared in 2 cases and disappeared after 1 week; One case had necrosis at distal flap and healed after dressing change. Other flaps survived successfully and the incision and donor site healed in the first stage. All patients were entered to 6 to 18(mean 10) months of follow-up. At the final follow-up, the appearance and texture of the flaps were good and the protective sensation was restored. The flexion and extension function of the affected digit was normal with the TPD at 7-11 mm. The original shape and function of the digit body were basically reconstructed, except the failure in reconstruction of the special structure of digit body, such as nail, finger pulp thread and fine sensation. According to the Evaluation Standard of Upper Limb Function of Chinese Hand Surgery Society, 11 cases were in excellent, 9 in good and 2 in fair. The excellent and good rate was 91%. The function at donor sites was not affected.Conclusion:Repair of digit soft tissue defect with dorsal branch of proper palmar digital artery island flap is easy to operate, and with a low risk, high success rate and satisfactory curative effect.

The effect of neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio on the early-stage condition judgment and prognosis of intracercbral hemorrhage / 中国医师进修杂志

Objective:To investigate the relationship of neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and early hematoma enlargement (HE) of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH).Methods:Retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 360 patients with ICH who were diagnosed and admitted to the Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University from January 2017 to December 2017.Among them, 198 patients were selected for this study. According to the 24 h checked CT, they were divided into the hematoma expansion (HE) group (87 patients) and the non-HE group (111 patients). The clinical data of the two groups and the changes of hematology and imaging were compared.Results:Univariate analysis showed statistically significant differences of two groups in systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, Glasgow coma scale (GCS) score, hematoma volume at admission: (180.45 ± 25.90) mmHg(1 mmHg = 0.133 kpa) vs. (171.81 ± 25.87) mmHg, (103.29 ± 14.26) mmHg vs. (97.98 ± 14.81) mmHg, (11.05 ± 2.02) scores vs. (13.04 ± 1.58) scores, (25.14 ± 14.88) ml vs. (13.57 ± 11.98) ml; and GCS score, NLR , hematoma volume at 24 h after admission: (7.54 ± 2.04) scores vs. (11.04 ± 2.12) scores, 12.79 ± 7.24 vs. 5.59 ± 3.59, (17.07 ± 8.95) ml vs. (7.97 ± 3.56) ml, there were significant differences ( P<0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that NLR, GCS, hematoma volumeat 24 h after admission and number of island sign were independent correlated factors of HE ( P<0.05). Receiver operation characteristic(ROC) curve analysis showed that when the NLR at 24 h after admission cut off value was 7.65, the sensitivity of predicting HE in patients with ICH was 78.16%, the specificity was 81.98%, and the area under the ROC curve was 0.852 (95% CI 0.798-0.907, P<0.001). Conclusions:HE have association with NLR, hematoma volume change.

Reflections on "Infant Safety Island" based on the Bioethics of Disabled Newborns and Kant’s "Responsibility" Claim / 中国医学伦理学

"Disabled babies" have been concerned by the state and society. In 2011, China’s first "infant safety island" was officially piloted in Shijiazhuang to receive abandoned babies from all over the country, bringing hope to abandoned disabled babies. As the pilot program has been widely promoted, the survival rate of abandoned babies has been effectively improved, but the infant safety island has been branded as "the cage of connivance with the crime of abandonment". At the same time, there are two controversial issues on disabled newborns, the main subjects of abandoned babies: should disabled newborns be rescued? Should a infant safety island exist under the pressure of reality? From the perspective of the bioethics of newborns with disabilities, this paper analyzed the practical significance of the existence of infant safety island based on Kant’s "responsibility" claim, and made a statement for the practicability of safety island from different perspectives.

Detección de " Candidatus Rickettsia andeanae" en Rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu stricto (Acari: Ixodidae) en Rapa Nui-Isla de Pascua / Detection of " Candidatus Rickettsia andeanae" in Rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu stricto (Acari: Ixodidae) from Rapa Nui-Easter Island

INTRODUCCIÓN: Las rickettsiosis son enfermedades emergentes transmitidas por vectores artrópodos cuyos agentes etiológicos corresponden a bacterias patógenas del género Rickettsia y Orientia . Bacterias de este género han sido descritas en el norte y sur de Chile. OBJETIVO: Determinar presencia de Rickettsia spp. en garrapatas colectadas a partir de perros domésticos en Rapa Nui-Isla de Pascua, Región de Valparaíso. MÉTODOS: Fueron muestreados 20 perros callejeros durante octubre del año 2018. Se colectaron ocho garrapatas adultas desde siete animales (prevalencia: 35%); luego de su identificación taxonómica fueron sometidas a amplificación y secuenciación del gen ADNm 16S para garrapata y gltA (citrato sintetasa) para Rickettsia . RESULTADOS: Todos los ejemplares de garrapatas adultas correspondieron genéticamente a Rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu stricto lo cual fue confirmado mediante un análisis filogenético. En dos garrapatas (25%) se encontraron secuencias idénticas de gltA compatibles con " Candidatus Rickettsia andeanae", que formaron un clado monofilético con aislados obtenidos en Brasil, Chile y Perú. CONCLUSIÓN: Se documenta la presencia de " Ca. R. andeanae" s. s. en Rapa Nui-Isla de Pascua, asociado por primera vez a garrapatas del complejo R. sanguineus en Chile.

BACKGROUND: Rickettsioses are vector-borne emerging diseases caused by pathogenic bacteria of the genera Rickettsia and Orientia . Bacteria of these genera have been described in northern and southern Chile, respectively. AIM: To determine the presence of Rickettsia spp. in ticks collected from domestic dog in Rapa Nui-Easter Island, Valparaíso Region. METHODS: 20 stray dogs were sampled during October 2018. Overall, eight adult ticks were collected from seven animals (prevalence: 35%); after morphological identification, were submitted to DNA extraction and amplification and sequencing of the tick mitochondrial 16S DNA gene. The screening for Rickettsia was performed targeting the gltA (citrate synthetase) gene. RESULTS: A phylogenetic analysis confirmed the identity of the ticks as Rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu stricto. In two ticks (25%), we retrieved identical sequences of gltA compatible with " Candidatus Rickettsia andeanae", which formed a monophyletic group with conspecific isolates obtained in Brazil, Chile and Peru. CONCLUSION: This study proves the presence of " Ca . R. andeanae" in R. sanguineus s. s. at Rapa Nui-Easter Island, which also corresponds to the first report of this Rickettsia spp. in R. sanguineus complex for Chile.

Avaliação da eficiência de ilhas flutuantes com plantas para a melhoria da qualidade hídrica de ecossistemas aquáticos / Evaluation of the efficiency of floating islands with plants for improving the water quality of aquatic ecosystems

RESUMO A utilização da água sempre foi vital para a sobrevivência humana, mas com suas ações surgiram os impactos aos ecossistemas comprometendo a qualidade. O ecossistema aquático tem sido prejudicado por isso, principalmente, pelo descarte inadequado de efluentes não tratados. Este trabalho visou avaliar a eficiência de ilhas flutuantes com plantas, a fim de observar a melhoria da qualidade hídrica de ecossistemas aquáticos. Para isso foi analisado o comportamento das macrófitas nas ilhas flutuantes, por meio de experimento controlado. A ilha se mostrou eficiente e resistente e pode ser utilizada para a remoção de macronutrientes. A eficiência na remoção foi cerca de 25% de fosfato e fósforo total, em um período de análise de 60 dias. Isso indica que com um período maior de análises, o resultado de remoção poderá ser maior, bem como a densidade de biomassa para o povoamento da ilha e a sua aplicação em corpos hídricos comprometidos.

ABSTRACT The use of water has always been vital for human survival, but with its actions, impacts on ecosystems have emerged, compromising quality. The aquatic ecosystem has been harmed by this, mainly, by the inadequate disposal of untreated effluents. This work aimed to evaluate the efficiency of floating islands with plants, in order to observe the improvement of the water quality of aquatic ecosystems. For this, the behavior of macrophytes on floating islands was analyzed, using a controlled experiment. The island proved to be efficient and resistant and can be used to remove macronutrients. The removal efficiency was about 25% of total phosphate and phosphorus, in an analysis period of 60 days. This indicates that with a longer period of analysis, the removal result may be higher, as well as the density of biomass for the island's population and its application in compromised water bodies.

Colgajo en isla submental: Experiencia de 2 casos en reconstrucción de base de cráneo lateral

Resumen La cirugía reconstructiva de cabeza y cuello es una tarea compleja. Existen varias opciones disponibles para lograr buenos resultados, desde colgajos locales hasta colgajos libres microvascularizados. En este reporte presentamos nuestra experiencia utilizando el colgajo en isla submental para la reconstrucción de defectos de tejido blando de base de cráneo lateral posterior a una resección lateral de hueso temporal secundario a diagnósticos oncológicos otológicos. Se presentan datos demográficos, clínicos, quirúrgicos y resultados de dos pacientes intervenidos durante el primer semestre del año 2020, en los cuales se consiguió un adecuado resultado reconstructivo. Este colgajo es una opción confiable y versátil para reconstrucción en cabeza y cuello.

Abstract Reconstructive head and neck surgery is a complex task. There are several options available to achieve good results, from local flaps to free microvascular flaps. In this article, we present our experience using the submental island flap for soft tissue defect reconstruction of the lateral skull base after a lateral temporal bone resection secondary to otologic cancer. Demographic, clinical, surgical and outcome data of two patients operated on during the first semester of 2020 are presented, in whom a good reconstructive result was achieved. This flap is a reliable and versatile option for head and neck reconstruction.