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1.
BAG, J. basic appl. genet. (Online) ; 29(2): 33-48, dic. 2018. ilus, map, tab
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1089048

ABSTRACT

Isostichopus sp. (Aspidochirotida: Stichopodidae) are sea cucumbers widely distributed in the Caribbean Sea. Amongst them, Isostichopus badionotus is one of the most harvested species. It shows a wide range of morphotypes widespread in the Caribbean region including different habitats (muddy, sandy and rocky bottoms, and sea grass beds). In Colombia, three morphotypes can be distinguished; two of them live in sea grass beds while the third one is found on rocky substrates. The present study describes the morphological characteristics of these morphotypes and analyzes their genetic structures through 16S rDNA and COI data. Our phylogenetic analyses show that the morphotype living on rocky substrates is morphologically and genetically distinct from the two other morphotypes and might not correspond to I. badionotus, the only species of the Isostichopus genus previously reported for this region.


Isostichopus sp. (Aspidochirotida:Stichopodidae) son pepinos de mar ampliamente distribuidos en el mar Caribe. Entre ellos, Isostichopus badionotus es una de las especies mas cosechadas. Muestra un amplio rango de morfotipos extendidos en la region caribena, incluyendo diferentes habitats (fondos barrosos, arenosos y rocosos, y bancos de pastos marinos). En Colombia, se pueden distinguir tres morfotipos; dos de ellos viven en los bancos de pastos marinos mientras que el tercero se halla sobre sustratos rocosos. En el presente estudio se describen las caracteristicas morfologicas de esos morfotipos y se analizan sus estructuras geneticas mediante datos de 16S rDNA y COI. Nuestros analisis filogeneticos muestran que el morfotipo que vive sobre sustratos rocosos es morfologica y geneticamente distinto de los otros dos morfotipos y puede no corresponder a I. badionotus, la unica especie del genero Isostichopus previamente reportada para esta region.

2.
Rev. biol. trop ; 59(2): 843-852, jun. 2011. graf, mapas
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-638124

ABSTRACT

Distribution and density of two holothurian species in Cubagua Island, Venezuela. Holothurian populations in the Caribbean have been significantly depleted in some areas, and others are still in danger to satisfy international markets. In Venezuela, this marine resource has been illegally exploited since the early 1990s. To contribute with their management and protection, this work analyzed the distribution, abundance and population structure of two commercial holothurians Isostichopus badionotus and Holothuria mexicana in Cubagua Island shores. A total of 52 stations were studied around the island during the year 2008. Surveys included visits to each station, for which a band transect of 50m² with four replicates were carried out. The results show that I. badionotus has a higher distribution on the East coast of the island, and is found over Thalassia testudinum beds or bivalve molluscs aggregations, with an average density of 0.011ind/m², C.I. 95%=0.005-0.017, n=122, and a general abundance estimated in 117ind/ha. H. mexicana has been practically depleted (0.001 ind/m2 C.I. 95%=0.0002-0.0013, 7.7 ind/ha, n=8). We recommend the maintenance of the total ban adopted in 1997 to assure the protection of these species, mainly because no previous data supported the start of the fishery, and also, because the current densities are still very low when compared to other areas in Venezuela and the Caribbean. These are animals easy to catch, susceptible to overfishing, and with a very low recovery rate; thus, more control is required from the local authorities. Rev. Biol. Trop. 59 (2): 843-852. Epub 2011 June 01.


En algunas zonas del Caribe, poblaciones enteras de holoturias han sido agotadas. En Venezuela, éste recurso ha sido explotado ilegalmente desde inicios de 1990. Por esta razón, se planteó estimar la distribución, abundancia y estructura poblacional de las holoturias comerciales Isostichopus badionotus y Holothuria mexicana en la isla Cubagua. Para ello, durante el año 2008, se realizaron cuatro transectas bandas de 50m² cada una en 52 estaciones ubicadas alrededor de la isla. Entre los resultados obtenidos destacan: I. badionotus presenta mayor distribución en el lado este de la isla, sobre fondos de Thalassia testudinum o bancos de moluscos bivalvos; con una densidad promedio de 0.011±0.022ind/m² (n=122), y una abundancia general estimada en 117ind/ha. Se identificaron cinco posibles zonas de crianza para esta última especie. H. mexicana ha sido prácticamente agotada (0.001±0.002ind/m², 7.7ind/ ha, n=8). Se recomienda mantener la veda total implantada en 1997, principalmente por no tener conocimiento de las densidades previas al inicio de la pesquería; por considerar que la densidad actual sigue siendo muy baja en comparación con otras zonas de Venezuela, y por ser animales de fácil captura, rápidamente sobreexplotables y de recuperación lenta.


Subject(s)
Animals , Biodiversity , Sea Cucumbers/classification , Population Density , Population Dynamics , Seasons , Venezuela
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