ABSTRACT
Background: Hypertension (HTN) is one of the most common and a high-risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Aims and Objectives: This study aims to identify students who are at risk of developing HTN with positive parental history of HTN and to compare the effects of isotonic exercise on cardiovascular parameters among the students with and without positive history of parental HTN. Materials and Methods: A total of 50 students participated in the study out of which 21 students had positive history of parental HTN with at least one parent having history of HTN and 29 students had negative history of parental HTN. Baseline pulse rate (PR), systolic blood pressure (SBP), and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) of the participants were recorded. Then, all the participants performed Harvard step test for 3 min. The SBP, DBP, and PR were measured immediately after stopping the exercise and after 3 min and after 5 min of stopping the exercise. Data were statistically analyzed using unpaired t-test and ANOVA. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: PR recorded after 3 min of stopping of exercise was significantly higher in the participants with positive parental history of HTN than the other group. SBP recorded immediately and after 3 min and after 5 min of stopping exercise was significantly higher in the participants with a positive history of parental HTN as compared to the other group. However, no statistically significant difference was observed in DBP between the two groups. Conclusion: Students with positive parental history may have relatively higher risk of developing HTN in future as an exaggerated blood pressure response to exercise was observed in them in this study.
ABSTRACT
The purpose of this study was to clarify the effect of isotonic exercise during a 38°C mist sauna on oxygen uptake in comparison with conditions of the exercise only. The subjects of this study were 10 young persons (average 20.5 years old). Oxygen uptake and breath rate were measured using an expiratory gas analysis system and the tympanic temperature was measured using a thermistor during a control period 10 minutes before the tasks, for 10 minutes during the tasks, and for 10 minutes after the tasks. Heart rate was measured using an autonomic spygmomanometer during the 10 minutes control period before the tasks, at five and 10 minutes during the tasks, and for 10 minutes after the tasks. Body weight was measured before and after the experiment. The temperature and humidity of the mist sauna were set to 38°C and 96%, and the rest room temperature and humidity were set to 28°C and 52%. In isotonic exercises with mist sauna, the oxygen uptake for 10 min, tympanic temperature and heart rate were all significantly increased, and the body weight was significantly decreased in comparison with exercise only. The oxygen uptake for 10 min during the exercise in the sauna was greater than the value found for exercise only. These results showed synergistic effects due to exercise and heating during the sauna. These findings suggest that a condition of isotonic exercise with sauna advance energy metabolism in comparison with exercise only, and that we can use this to protect against metabolic syndrome and maintain health.
ABSTRACT
The purpose of this study was to clarify the effect of isotonic exercise during a 38°C mist sauna on oxygen uptake in comparison with conditions of the exercise only.<BR> The subjects of this study were 10 young persons (average 20.5 years old). Oxygen uptake and breath rate were measured using an expiratory gas analysis system and the tympanic temperature was measured using a thermistor during a control period 10 minutes before the tasks, for 10 minutes during the tasks, and for 10 minutes after the tasks. Heart rate was measured using an autonomic spygmomanometer during the 10 minutes control period before the tasks, at five and 10 minutes during the tasks, and for 10 minutes after the tasks. Body weight was measured before and after the experiment. The temperature and humidity of the mist sauna were set to 38°C and 96%, and the rest room temperature and humidity were set to 28°C and 52%.<BR> In isotonic exercises with mist sauna, the oxygen uptake for 10 min, tympanic temperature and heart rate were all significantly increased, and the body weight was significantly decreased in comparison with exercise only. The oxygen uptake for 10 min during the exercise in the sauna was greater than the value found for exercise only. These results showed synergistic effects due to exercise and heating during the sauna.<BR> These findings suggest that a condition of isotonic exercise with sauna advance energy metabolism in comparison with exercise only, and that we can use this to protect against metabolic syndrome and maintain health.
ABSTRACT
The objective of this study was to assess blood pressure and autonomic activity during rest and recovery in young adult normotensives offsprings of hypertensives. A total of 49 healthy normotensive males with BMI of 18.5–24.9 kg/m2 chosen for the study and classified into two groups based on their parental history of hypertension underwent a sub maximal cycle ergometry exercise test. ECG and heart rate were recorded at baseline, during the exercise test and during recovery period of ten minutes while blood pressure was recorded at baseline and during recovery. Spectral analysis of HRV was performed. The basal systolic blood pressure and the recovery systolic blood pressures at the 1st and 3rd minute of recovery after exercise test were significantly higher in the study group than the control group. The basal LFnu and LF/HF ratio were significantly higher while the basal HFnu was significantly lower in the study group than the control group. A difference in basal systolic blood pressure, a higher LFnu and a lower HFnu found in offspring of hypertensive parents may be an early marker of cardiovascular change in subjects with a genetic predisposition to hypertension.
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Objective To study the effects of isotonic and resistance exercises on renal hormones in plasma. Methods Eight healthy men were instructed to performed isotonic and resistance exercises, respectively, with the same target heart rate and the same exercise duration, in which both exercises-induced changes of plasma renin activity (PRA), aldosterone (ALDO) and antidiuretic hormone (ADH) were observed. Results Plasma levels of PRA, ALDO and ADH increased significantly after both isotonic exercise and resistance exercises. Plasma levels of ADH and PRA were higher after resistance exercise than those after isotonic exercise. Conclusion The increases of PRA, ALDO and ADH in plasma caused by exercise might be an adaptive response to maintain balances of water and electrolyte in the status of physical stresses. The tendency of increase of ADH and PRA after resistance exercise suggested that the exercise intensity rather than type of exercise correlated with on the changes of renal hormones.
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OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study is to identify how the isotonic and isometric mixed excercise training for 12 weeks take influence on the muscular strength, muscle size and foot pressure (by EMED ) in patients with degenerative knee joint disease. METHOD: Seven patients with degenerative knee joint disease were chosen for the experimental objects and were trained isotonic exercise program for twelve weeks. Before and after exercise, Cybex, Computed Tomography and EMED were examined. RESULTS: After exercise program, peak torque, peak torque %Bwt and average power were significantly increased at 60o/sec and 180o/sec in both knee flexors and extensors. But peak torque ratio flexor/extensor were not significantly increased. Cross-sectional area of quadriceps and hamstrings were significantly increased. But there were no significant difference in the peak pressure at the heel and time (from initiation of initial contact to peak pressure at the heel). CONCLUSION: We knew that isotonic and isometric mixed exercise training to the patients with degenerative knee joint disease for 12 weeks improved the muscular strength and muscle size, but this is not influenced on heel pressure. So, there may be needed to study with kinetic and kinematic analysis to more experimental patients.
Subject(s)
Humans , Foot , Heel , Knee Joint , Knee , Muscle Strength , Osteoarthritis , TorqueABSTRACT
Isotonic exercise occurs when the tension or torque generated by a muscle is constant throughout the movement. In practice it is very difficult to maintain the tension constant. Evaluation of isotonic exercise should include the works of concentric and eccentric contraction and the changes in tension and torque during joint motion. However, optimal evaluation tools for isotonic exercise has yet to be developed. We authors, used virtual reality motion analysis system(VRMAS) which was codeveloped by us and EMG system(Cardwell Excel). Healthy male adult subjects(n=10) were recruited from hospital personnel. After dominant upper arm and trunk of each subject was fixed with velcro, he was instructed to repeat flexion and extension of his dominant elbow grasping dumbell (9 kg) in hand with maximal velocity as possible as can until the point of exhaustion. We measured the elbow angle, the angular velocity, torque, power, total work and the work of concentric and eccentric contraction during exercise. The results were as follows: there were four distinct elbow flexor muscle contractions during flexion and extension of the elbow with the first and the second contractions during concentric contraction and the third and the fourth contractions during eccentric contraction. Between the peaks of contraction, motion was maintained due to the momentum that was generated. Of the ten subjects, seven had higher concentric work than eccentric work with the eccentric work being higher in the remaining three. But there was no statistic significance between the works of concentric contraction and eccentric contraction(p>0.05). The biggest work was observed in the fourth contraction, while the third contraction showed the least work(p<.05). In conclusion, there were four distinct muscle contractions during elbow isotonic exercise and the works of each muscle contraction were different. This result is contrary to the definition of isotonic exercise. This study also shows that the VRMAS could be a very useful evaluation tool for several types of isotonic exercise.