Improvement effect and mechanism of total flavonoids from Rosa multiflora root on vascular injury in rheumatoid arthritis model rats / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE To study the improvement effect of total flavonoids from Rosa multiflora root on vascular injury in rheumatoid arthritis （RA） model rats and its potential mechanism. METHODS Female Wistar rats were randomly divided into normal control group， model group， aspirin group （positive control， 30 mg/kg）， low-dose and high-dose groups of total flavonoids from R. multiflora root （4.15， 8.30 g/kg， by crude drug）， with 10 rats in each group. Except for the normal control group， the RA model was induced in other groups by collagen induction and high-fat diet. After 14 days of modeling， they were given corresponding drug solution/0.5% sodium carboxymethyl cellulose solution intragastrically， once a day， for 36 consecutive days. The total body score， arthritis index （AI） and swollen joint count （SJC） of the rats were evaluated regularly. After the last medication， serum levels of interleukin-6 （IL-6）， intercellular adhesion molecule-1 （ICAM-1） and vascular cell adhesion molecule- 1 （VCAM-1） were determined. The pathological morphological changes in the vascular tissue of thoracic aorta were observed； the protein expression of Toll-like receptor 4 （TLR4） and the protein phosphorylation levels of Janus kinase 2 （JAK2） and signal transduction and activator of transcription 3 （STAT3） in vascular tissue of thoracic aorta were measured. RESULTS Compared with the normal control group， serum levels of IL-6， ICAM-1 and VCAM-1， protein expression of TLR4， and the protein phosphorylation levels of JAK2 and STAT3 in vascular tissue of thoracic aorta were increased significantly in model group （P＜ 0.01）. The atherosclerotic plaque （atheroma）， cholesterol crystal， lymphocyte infiltration and a small number of unbroken foam cell aggregation could be seen in the vascular tissue of thoracic aorta. Compared with the model group， total body score （except for the low-dose group）， AI and SJC were decreased significantly in groups of total flavonoids from R. multiflora root on the 28th day （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）； total body score，AI and SJC were decreased significantly in low-dose group of total flavonoids from R. multiflora root on the 49th day （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）； the other quantitative indicators in serum and vascular tissue were significantly reversed in groups of total flavonoids from R. multiflora root （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）， and pathological damage of vascular tissue was significantly relieved. CONCLUSIONS Total flavonoids from R. multiflora root can significantly improve vascular injury in RA model rats， and its mechanism may be related to reducing the protein expression of TLR4 in vascular tissue and inhibiting the activation of IL-6/JAK2/ STAT3 signaling pathway.

Effects of α-hederin alone or in combination with cisplatin on the proliferation and apoptosis of non-small cell lung cancer cells based on EGFR/AKT and JAK2/STAT3 pathways / 中国肿瘤生物治疗杂志

@#[摘 要] 目的：探讨α-常春藤皂苷（α-Hed）诱导非小细胞肺癌（NSCLC）细胞凋亡的作用靶点及其潜在机制，明确α-Hed与顺铂（DDP）联用后对相应的靶点蛋白表达的影响。方法：采用CCK-8法检测不同浓度α-Hed处理后NSCLC细胞A549、H1299和PC-9的存活率，采用Annexin Ⅴ-FITC/PI染色流式细胞术检测细胞凋亡率，采用WB法检测细胞中C-caspase-3和Bcl-2蛋白的表达。通过网络药理学相关方法筛选α-Hed的潜在靶点，利用分子对接法分析其结合效果，WB法检测靶点蛋白的表达。通过CCK-8法、细胞集落形成实验和WB法检测α-Hed与DDP联用对NSCLC细胞的抑制作用。结果：给药24和48 h后，10、15和20 μmol/L α-Hed可以显著抑制NSCLC细胞增殖活力（均P<0.01）；与对照组相比，20 μmol/L α-Hed处理后细胞凋亡率显著升高（P<0.01）；α-Hed可上调NSCLC细胞中C-caspase-3的表达（P<0.05），下调Bcl-2的表达（P<0.05）。网络药理学和分子对接筛选出结合亲和力小于-5 kcal/mol的靶点AKT1、STAT3、EGFR和JAK2。WB法检测结果显示，α-Hed处理后A549、H1299细胞中EGFR、p-AKT/AKT、p-STAT3/STAT3和JAK2蛋白的表达均明显下调（均P<0.05）。α-Hed与DDP联用后，更显著地抑制NSCLC细胞的增殖（P<0.01），进一步下调EGFR、p-AKT/AKT、p-STAT3/STAT3和JAK2蛋白的表达（P<0.05或P<0.01）。结论：α-Hed通过下调EGFR和JAK2的表达抑制STAT3和AKT的磷酸化，诱导NSCLC细胞凋亡，与DDP联用后其抑制效果增强，EGFR/AKT和JAK2/STAT3通路也进一步被抑制。

Oncolytic Newcastle disease virus inhibits IL-6 induced migration and invasion of human glioblastoma U87MG cells / 中国肿瘤生物治疗杂志

@#[摘 要] 目的：探讨溶瘤新城疫病毒（NDV）对IL-6诱导的人胶质母细胞瘤U87MG细胞增殖、迁移和侵袭的作用及其可能的机制。方法：将U87MG细胞分为对照组、IL-6组、NDV组、NDV+IL-6组，其中IL-6组与NDV+IL-6组用75 ng/mL IL-6预处理1 h，其余组用DMEM预处理1 h，后分别用DMEM、75 ng/mL IL-6、1 HU NDV、1 HU NDV+75 ng/mL IL-6处理24 h。MTT法、细胞划痕实验和Transwell侵袭实验分别检测IL-6、NDV对U87MG细胞增殖、迁移和侵袭的影响，WB法检测各组细胞JAK2、p-JAK2、STAT3、p-STAT3和MMP2蛋白的表达水平。结果：与对照组相比，IL-6组细胞迁移率显著升高（P<0.05），侵袭细胞数目显著增多（P<0.01）；与IL-6组相比，NDV+IL-6组U87MG细胞增殖率显著降低（P<0.05），细胞迁移率和侵袭细胞数目均显著降低（均P<0.01）。WB实验结果显示，与对照组相比，IL-6组p-STAT3/STAT3比值显著升高（P<0.01），NDV组p-JAK2/JAK2、p-STAT3/STAT3比值显著降低（P<0.05，P<0.01），MMP-2蛋白表达量显著降低（P<0.01）；与IL-6组相比，NDV+IL-6组p-STAT3/STAT3比值、MMP-2蛋白表达量均显著降低（均P<0.05）。结论：NDV能抑制IL-6对人脑胶质瘤U87MG细胞迁移和侵袭的诱导作用，其机制可能与JAK2/STAT3信号通路的参与调控有关。

Hsa_circ_0013561 promotes progression of nasopharyngeal carcinoma by activating JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway

Abstract Objective Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma (NPC) is a malignancy of epithelium of epithelium of the nasopharynx, with the highest incidence of otolaryngeal malignancies. A growing number of studies confirm that Circular RNA (circRNA) plays an important role in tumor development, including Hsa_circ_0013561. This study aims to elucidate the process and mechanism of NPC regulation hsa_circ_0013561. Methods In this study, circRNA expression nodes and subcellular localization in NPC tissues were analyzed by fluorescence in situ hybridization. The expression of hsa_circ_0013561 in NPC cells was further clarified by RT-qPCR. At the same time, the lentivirus vector interfered by hsa_circ_0013561 was constructed and transfected. The cell proliferation was detected by CCK-8 method, EdU assay and plate cloning assay. The cell cycle and apoptosis were detected by flow cytometry, and the cell migration ability was detected by wound healing assay and Transwell assay. Western blotting examined the expression of apoptosis, Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition (EMT)-associated proteins, and Janus Kinase/Signal Transductor and Activator of Transcription (JAK/STAT) signaling pathway-related proteins. Results The results showed that the expression of hsa_circ_0013561 in NPC samples was significantly upregulated and hsa_circ_0013561 localized in the cytoplasm. After down-regulating hsa_circ_0013561 expression, it significantly inhibited the proliferation and metastasis ability of NPC, inhibited EMT progression, and promoted apoptosis. Further studies showed that interference hsa_circ_0013561 significantly inhibited JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway activation and induced the expression of apoptosis-related proteins. Conclusion In summary, we found that hsa_circ_0013561 is a pro-tumor circRNA in NPC, which can reduce the activation of JAK2/STAT3 pathway by knocking down hsa_circ_0013561, thereby slowing down the malignant progression of NPC. Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine 2011 Levels of Evidence Level 4.

JAK2, CALR, and MPL Mutation Profiles in Colombian patients with BCR-ABL Negative Myeloproliferative Neoplasms

Background: Among the chronic myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) not associated with BCR-ABL mutations are polycythemia vera, primary myelofibrosis, and essential thrombocythemia. These diseases are caused by mutations in genes, such as the JAK2, MPL, and CALR genes, which participate in regulating the JAK-STAT signaling pathway. Objective: This study aimed to establish the frequencies of mutations in the JAK2, MPL, and CALR genes in a group of Colombian patients with a negative clinical diagnosis of BCR-ABL chronic myeloproliferative neoplasms. Methods: The JAK2 V617F and MPL W515K mutations and deletions or insertions in exon 9 of the CALR gene were analyzed in 52 Colombian patients with polycythemia vera, primary myelofibrosis, and essential thrombocythemia. Results: The JAK2V617F mutation was carried by 51.9% of the patients, the CALR mutation by 23%, and the MPL mutation by 3.8%; 23% were triple-negative for the mutations analyzed. In these neoplasms, 6 mutation types in CALR were identified, one of which has not been previously reported. Additionally, one patient presented a double mutation in both the CALR and JAK2 genes. Regarding the hematological results for the mutations, significant differences were found in the hemoglobin level, hematocrit level, and platelet count among the three neoplasms. Conclusion: Thus, this study demonstrates the importance of the molecular characterization of the JAK2, CALR and MPL mutations in Colombian patients (the genetic context of which remains unclear in the abovementioned neoplasms) to achieve an accurate diagnosis, a good prognosis, adequate management, and patient survival.

Antecedentes: Entre las neoplasias mieloproliferativas crónicas no asociadas con mutaciones BCR-ABL se encuentran la policitemia vera, la mielofibrosis primaria y la trombocitemia esencial. Estas enfermedades están causadas por mutaciones en genes, como los genes JAK2, MPL y CALR, que participan en la regulación de la vía de señalización JAK-STAT. Objetivo: Establecer las frecuencias de mutaciones en los genes JAK2, MPL y CALR en un grupo de pacientes colombianos con diagnóstico clínico negativo de NMP BCR-ABL. Metodos: Se analizaron las mutaciones y deleciones o inserciones JAK2 V617F y MPL W515K en el exón 9 del gen CALR en 52 pacientes colombianos con policitemia vera, mielofibrosis primaria y trombocitemia esencial. Resultados: La mutación JAK2V617F la portaban el 51.9% de los pacientes, la mutación CALR el 23.0% y la mutación MPL el 3.8%; El 23.0% fueron triple negativos para las mutaciones analizadas. En estas neoplasias se identificaron seis tipos de mutación en CALR, uno de los cuales no ha sido reportado previamente. Además, un paciente presentó una doble mutación tanto en el gen CALR como en el JAK2. En cuanto a los resultados hematológicos para las mutaciones, se encontraron diferencias significativas en el nivel de hemoglobina, el nivel de hematocrito y el recuento de plaquetas entre las tres neoplasias. Conclusiones: Así, este estudio demuestra la importancia de la caracterización molecular de las mutaciones JAK2, CALR y MPL en pacientes colombianos (cuyo contexto genético aún no está claro en las neoplasias antes mencionadas) para lograr un diagnóstico certero, un buen pronóstico, un manejo adecuado y una mejoría del paciente. supervivencia.

Microarray analysis reveals distinct immune signatures in BCR?ABL positive and negative myeloproliferative neoplasms

Background: BCR?ABL mutation on the Philadelphia chromosome is the key driver of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) pathogenesis. However, there are certain cases of myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN) wherein no inherent driver mutation is detected resulting in clinical phenotype. It is important to identify key genes and pathways in driving the disease. The aim of the study was to use a gene-based omics approach to molecularly characterize these mutation-positive and negative cases to further strengthen diagnostics and precision medicine. Methods: A microarray profiling was done on CD34 positive cells isolated from two BCR?ABL positive and five BCR?ABL negative samples. JAK2V617F mutation testing was also done to rule out the presence of any other mutation in the latter group. The fold change cut-off was taken as �5 with p?0.5 for significant genes. The gene network and pathway analysis were done using DAVID and STRING software. Results: The genes upregulated in BCR?ABL negative samples were shown to be involved in immune regulation, signal transduction and T- and B-cell signalling. The protein-protein interaction network of upregulated genes in these samples were enriched for various immunomodulatory genes such as HLADP, HLADQ , IL7R, CCR7, CD3 subtypes. These genes further formed a network with signal transduction genes such as LCK, FYN, RAG1, DOCK1, AKT3, SMAD3, LEF1. Conclusion: The results suggested a modulation of immune response genes and its subsequent effect on oncogenic signalling in BCR?ABL negative samples as compared to BCR?ABL positive samples. The protein network analysis was enriched for genes involved in Src, TGF-beta and PI3K-AKT pathway contributing to the proliferation of neoplastic clone.

Interleukin-6 in Skeletal Muscle Mass Regulation / 中国生物化学与分子生物学报

Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is a spreading pleiotropic cytokine, with both anti-inflammatory and proinflammatory effects. It not only participates in the body immune responses but also is involved in the biological regulative processes among different organs, tissues, and cells. IL-6 has both anti-inflammatory and pro-inflammatory effects. In the early stage of pathogen infection, IL-6 plays an anti-inflammatory role in the body, and its level is moderately increased in the body to resist inflammation and maintain internal homeostasis. However, a large amount of IL-6 release can cause excessive inflammation and trigger other pathological changes in the body. Il-6 also has the dual effect of stimulating the synthesis and degradation of skeletal muscle protein in regulating skeletal muscle mass. As an important locomotive organ, skeletal muscle is also one of the key targets of IL-6. IL-6 takes part in the biological control of skeletal muscle hypertrophy through regulating muscle satellite cell proliferation and differentiation under specific stresses. In addition IL-6 is also associated with skeletal muscle atrophy induced by aging and other pathological stresses. In addition, during exercise stress, skeletal muscle can also serve as an endocrine organ to secrete and release IL-6 that facilitates the "crosstalk" between skeletal muscle and other organs or tissues. As IL-6 plays as a versatile role in our body, this paper reviews the research progress of the mechanism of IL-6 in the regulation of skeletal muscle mass, which may provide theoretical support for revealing the molecular mechanism of skeletal muscle stresses and adaptations.

Effects of ethanolic extracts of Euonymus alatus on CCl / 中国药理学通报

Aim To explore the mechanism of ethanolic extracts of euonymus alatus on CCl4-induced hepatic fibrosis in mice by regulating JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway. Methods Sixty C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into control group,model group,EAL,EAM),EAH,and Silybin(n=10). Except for the control group,mice in other groups were injected with 25% CCl4 of 1.6 mL·kg

Mechanisms of Euphorbia fischeriana steud. alcohol extracts intreatment of HCC based on network pharmacology and experiment verification / 中国药理学通报

Aim To investigate the molecular mechanisms of alcohol extracts of Euphorbia fischeriana steud. against hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) through a combination of network pharmacology analysis and experimental validation. Methods The active ingredients and targets of alcohol extracts of Euphorbia fischeriana steud. were determined through TCMSP, Swiss ADME, Swiss Target Prediction database and references. The databases DisGeNET and GeneCards were employed to screen potential HCC-related genes. Venny platform, STRING platform and Cytoscape software were applied to construct active ingredient-target-disease and protein-protein interaction (PPI) network maps. Gene ontology (GO) and kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses were performed using the DAVID database. To assess the effects of Euphorbia fischeriana steud. alcohol extracts on BEL-7402 cells, the proliferation and apoptosis were detected by CCK-8, EdU and flow cytometry assays, and the related protein levels of JAK2/STAT3 pathway were analyzed by Western blot. Additionally, H22 hepatocellular carcinoma mouse model was used to evaluate the in vivo efficacy of Euphorbia fischeriana steud. alcohol extracts. Results A total of 916 HCC targeted genes, 30 active ingredients containing the related 567 potential targeted genes, and 115 intersection targets of disease and compounds were obtained. KEGG enrichment analysis identified JAK2/STAT3 signaling as a critical pathway. In vitro experiments showed the alcohol extracts of Euphorbia fischeriana steud. could inhibit proliferation, promote apoptosis and suppress JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway in a dose-dependent manner in BEL-7402 cells. In addition, the alcohol extracts of Euphorbia fischeriana steud., either alone or in combination with sorafenib, dramatically blocked tumor growth in in vivo tests. Conclusions Euphorbia fischeriana steud. alcohol extracts have anti-cancer effects in HCC, and the molecular mechanisms may be connected to the regulation of JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway.

Mechanism of Modified Danggui Shaoyao San in treatment of chronic atrophic gastritis based on network pharmacology and experimental verification / 中国药理学通报

Aim To predict the targets of Modified Danggui Shaoyao San ( MDSS) in the treatment of chronic atrophic gastritis ( CAG) based on network pharmacology and vertify the results based on experim-ention. Methods TCMSP, SWISS TARGETS, GENE CARDS and OMIM databases were used to screen the therapeutic targets of MDSS for CAG. STRING database and Cytoscape software were used to construct the protein interaction network and screen the core targets. Metascape database was used for GO analysis and KEGG enrichment pathways. And molecular docking was used for target validation. CAG rat model was pre¬pared by N-methyl-N'-nitroso-N-nitroguanidine free drink combined with sodium salicylate gastric lavage. The pathology of rat gastric mucosa was observed by hematoxylin-eosin staining,and the ultrastructure of ep¬ithelial cells was observed by transmission electron mi-croscopy. The serum IL-6 and IL-10 content was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and the expression of JAK2, STAT3 , p-STAT3 , c-MYC mRNA and protein in rats was detected by qPCR and Western blot. Results MDSS acted on 189 targets, mainly involved in response to oxidative stress and apoptotic signaling pathway. KEGG analysis related to pathways in cancer and JAK-STAT signaling pathway. The experimental results showed that the MDSS could improve the degree of atrophy of gastric mucosa in CAG rats and improve the status of epithelial cells, down-regulate the serum IL-6 content of CAG rats, up-regulate the IL-10 content, and reduce the expression of JAK2, STAT3 , p-STAT3 , c-MYC mRNA and protein in gastric mucosa with statistical significance. Conclusions MDSS treats CAG through multiple active ingredients, targets, and pathways, the mechanism of which may be related to the inhibition of the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway.

Timosaponin A III promotes cisplatin sensitivity in A549/DDP cells via JAK-2/STAT3/PD-L1 signaling pathway / 中国药理学通报

Aim To explore the mechanism of timosaponin A III increasing cisplatin sensitization of non-small cell lung cancer cisplatin-resistant A549/DDP cells. Methods The cell proliferation was detected by CCK8,the cell apoptosis was detected by Annexin V/ PI,and the cell cycle distribution was measured by PI. The effect of the combined drug on cell proliferation was detected by cell clone formation. The mRNA expression levels of C-myc, cysteinyl aspartate-specific protease-3 (caspase-3) were detected by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Western blot and Flow Cytometry were performed for the mechanism study. Results The results of CCK8 and clone formation showed that the timosaponin AM group significantly increased the sensitivity of cisplatin to A549/DDP cells. Compared with the cisplatin group a-lone,the combination of timosaponin AM and cisplatin significantly elevated the apoptosis rate of A549/DDP cells (P < 0.05) , induced cell cycle arrest in G

Paeonol ameliorates hepatic inflammation and oxidative stress injury on murine with alcoholic liver injury by regulating JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway / 中国药理学通报

Aim To investigate the mechanism of action of paeonol based on JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway to ameliorate liver inflammation and oxidative stress injury induced by acute alcohol stimulation in mice. Methods C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into normal group, model group, silibinin group (36. 8 mg • kg

Effect of Taohong Siwu Decoction on apoptosis and EMT of pulmonary fibrosis model rats by JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway / 中国药理学通报

Aim To explore the effect of Taohong Siwu Decoction on apoptosis and EMT of pulmonary fibrosis model rats by JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway. Methods Forty SD rats were randomly divided into control group, model group, methylprednisolone group, Taohong Siwu Decoction low-concentration, high-concentration group respectively, with eight cases in each group. The intratracheal injection of bleomycin was applied to induce IPF rat models. HE and Masson staining were performed to observe the pathological changes of lung tissues in each group. ELISA was used to detect the contents of TNF-α, MMP-7 and TGFβ-l in serum of rats. Immunohistochemistry and Western blot were applied to detect the protein expression of JAK2, pJAK2, STAT3, p-STAT3, E-cadherin, α-SMA in lung tissues. RT-PCR was applied to detect the expression of JAK2, STAT3, Bcl2 and Bax genes in lung tissues. Results Compared with control group, the degree of alveolar inflammation and fibrosis degree, the contents of TNF-α, MMP-7 and TGFβ-1 in serum, the levels of JAK2, p-JAK2, STAT3, p-STAT3, α-SMA protein expression, JAK2, STAT3, Bax gene expression were up-regulated, and the levels of Bcl-2 gene and E-cadherin protein expression were down-regulated in lung tissues. Compared with model group, the degree of alveolar inflammation and fibrosis, the contents of TNF-α, MMP-7 and TGFβ-1 in serum, the levels of JAK2, p-JAK2, STAT3, p-STAT3, α-SMA protein expression, JAK2, STAT3 and Bax gene expression were reduced, while the levels of Bcl-2 gene and E-cadherin protein expression were elevated in Taohong Siwu Decoction high-concentration group. Conclusions Taohong Siwu Decoction may regulate JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway, down-regulate Bax, α-SMA and up-regulate Bcl-2, E-cadherin expression to induce apoptosis and EMT in rat model of pulmonary fibrosis, thus playing an anti-pulmonary fibrosis role.

AG490 regulates JAK2/STAT3 pathway in M2-like macrophages via promoting the proliferation of gastric cancer cells and inhibiting apoptosis / 西安交通大学学报(医学版)

【Objective】 To investigate the regulatory effect of JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway inhibitor AG490 on the functional phenotype of M2-like macrophages and its effects on proliferation, apoptosis, migration, and invasion of gastric cancer cells. 【Methods】 Human mononuclear cell line THP-1 was induced to differentiate into M0 macrophages by PMA in vitro. The M1-like phenotype was induced by LPS and IFN-γ, and M2-like phenotype was induced by IL-4 and IL-13, respectively, and identified by immunofluorescence labeling CD68, CD86 and CD206. The mRNA expressions of CD163, Arg1, CCL22, PPARγ, IL-10, IL-20 and TNF-α were determined by RT-qPCR. The expressions of key proteins in JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway were detected by Western blotting. M2-like macrophages were treated with JAK2/STAT3 inhibitor (AG490) to observe the expression level of marker genes for M2 like phenotype. Macrophages were co-cultured with gastric cancer cells, and the effects of the macrophages on proliferation, migration, invasion, and apoptosis of gastric cancer cells were detected by CCK-8 method, healing assay, transwell intracellular Matrigel invasion assay, and flow cytometry. The xenograft tumor model of MKN45 gastric cancer in nude mice was prepared, and the tumor size and quality were observed for 20 days after the model was established. 【Results】 THP-1 cells were induced into M1-like macrophages and M2-like macrophages. M1-like marker (CD86) and M2-like marker (CD206) were identified by flow cytometry. The P38MAPK, JAK2, p-STAT3/STAT3 protein levels of M2-like macrophages treated with AG490 were significantly reduced. The mRNA expression levels of Arg1, CCL22, PPARγ and IL-10 were significantly reduced in the group of M2-like macrophages treated with AG490. Co-culture of M2-like macrophages with gastric cancer cells could promote gastric cancer cell viability, increase migration and invasion ability, and inhibit apoptosis. When the group of M2-like macrophages treated with AG490 was co-cultured with gastric cancer cells, the proliferation activity of MKN-45 cells and MGC823 was significantly lower than that in M2 group (1.047±0.062 vs. 1.426±0.076, 1.149±0.006 vs. 1.301±0.015). Compared to M2 group, the migration (100.0%±5.73% vs. 72%±3.85%) and invasion ability (100.0%±7.40% vs. 60%±6.54%) of MGC823 gastric cancer cells in AG490 treatment group were significantly reduced. The apoptosis rate of MGC823 cells in the AG490 treated group was significantly higher than that in M2 group (27.51%±0.70% vs. 20.82%±0.92%). In the nude mouse xenograft tumor model, the volume and weight of the transplanted tumor collected at day 20 were significantly lower in AG490 treated group than in M2 group (736.04±182.34 vs. 1 080.5±250.57)mm3, (0.64±0.11 vs. 0.87±0.17)g. 【Conclusion】 AG490 downregulates the activation level of JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway in M2-like macrophages, inhibits M2-type polarization, partially reverses the cancer-promoting function of M2-like macrophages, inhibits proliferation, migration and invasion of gastric cancer cells, and induces apoptosis. The JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway can be further studied as a potential therapeutic target for gastric cancer.

Influence of Limonin on Malignant Biological Behavior of Non-small Cell Lung Cancer Cells by Regulating JAK2/STAT3 Signaling Pathway / 肿瘤防治研究

Objective To investigate the influence of limonin on the malignant biological behavior of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells by regulating the protein tyrosine kinase 2 (JAK2)/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) signaling pathway. Methods CCK-8 method was applied to detect the survival rate of A549 cells treated with different concentrations of limonin (0, 5, 10, 25, 50, 75, 100 μmol/L). A549 cells were separated into normal culture (NC) group, low-dose limonin group (treatment with 10 μmol/L limonin for 24 h), medium-dose limonin group (treatment with 25 μmol/L limonin for 24 h), high-dose limonin group (treatment with 50 μmol/L limonin for 24 h), coumermycin A1 group (treatment with 10 μmol/L JAK2 activator coumermycin A1+50 μmol/L limonin for 24 h), and AG490 group (treatment with 10 μmol/L JAK2 inhibitor AG490+50 μmol/L limonin for 24 h). Clone formation assay was applied to detect the clones of each group of cells. Transwell assay was applied to detect cell migration and invasion, and flow cytometry was applied to detect apoptosis. Western blot analysis was applied to detect the protein expression levels of JAK2, p-JAK2, STAT3, p-STAT3, E-cadherin, N-cadherin, and vimentin in each group. Results The viability of A549 cells decreased significantly in a limonin concentration-dependent manner (P < 0.05), with IC50 of 45.16±1.66 μmol/L. Concentrations of 10, 25, and 50 μmol/L were selected for subsequent experiments. The numbers of clones, migration, and invasion of A549 cells and the protein expression levels of IL-6, p-JAK2, p-STAT3, N-cadherin, and vimentin in the low-, medium-, and high-dose limonin groups significantly decreased, compared with those in the NC group, and the apoptosis rate and E-cadherin protein expression significantly increased (P < 0.05). The JAK2 activator coumermycin A1 attenuated the ability of limonin to inhibit the proliferation, migration, invasion, and other malignant biological behavior of A549 cells and attenuated the apoptosis ability. The JAK2 inhibitor AG490 enhanced the ability of limonin to inhibit the proliferation, migration, invasion, and other malignant biological behavior of A549 cells and enhanced the apoptosis ability. Conclusion Limonin can inhibit the malignant biological behavior of NSCLC cells, such as proliferation, migration, and invasion, by inhibiting the JAK2/STAT3 pathway.

Angiotensin converting enzyme 2 alleviates infectious bronchitis virus-induced cellular inflammation by suppressing IL-6/JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway / 生物工程学报

The goal of this study was to investigate the regulatory effect of angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) on cellular inflammation caused by avian infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) and the underlying mechanism of such effect. Vero and DF-1 cells were used as test target to be exposed to recombinant IBV virus (IBV-3ab-Luc). Four different groups were tested: the control group, the infection group[IBV-3ab-Luc, MOI (multiplicity of infection)=1], the ACE2 overexpression group[IBV-3ab Luc+pcDNA3.1(+)-ACE2], and the ACE2-depleted group (IBV-3ab-Luc+siRNA-ACE2). After the cells in the infection group started to show cytopathic indicators, the overall protein and RNA in cell of each group were extracted. real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) was used to determine the mRNA expression level of the IBV nucleoprotein (IBV-N), glycoprotein 130 (gp130) and cellular interleukin-6 (IL-6). Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to determine the level of IL-6 in cell supernatant. Western blotting was performed to determine the level of ACE2 phosphorylation of janus kinase 2 (JAK2) and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3). We found that ACE2 was successfully overexpressed and depleted in both Vero and DF-1 cells. Secondly, cytopathic indicators were observed in infected Vero cells including rounding, detaching, clumping, and formation of syncytia. These indicators were alleviated in ACE2 overexpression group but exacerbated when ACE2 was depleted. Thirdly, in the infection group, capering with the control group, the expression level of IBV-N, gp130, IL-6 mRNA and increased significantly (P < 0.05), the IL-6 level was significant or extremely significant elevated in cell supernatant (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01); the expression of ACE2 decreased significantly (P < 0.05); protein phosphorylation level of JAK2 and STAT3 increased significantly (P < 0.05). Fourthly, comparing with the infected group, the level of IBV-N mRNA expression in the ACE2 overexpression group had no notable change (P > 0.05), but the expression of gp130 mRNA, IL-6 level and expression of mRNA were elevated (P < 0.05) and the protein phosphorylation level of JAK2 and STAT3 decreased significantly (P < 0.05). In the ACE2-depleted group, there was no notable change in IBV-N (P > 0.05), but the IL-6 level and expression of mRNA increased significantly (P < 0.05) and the phosphorylation level of JAK2 and STAT3 protein decreased slightly (P > 0.05). The results demonstrated for the first time that ACE2 did not affect the replication of IBV in DF-1 cell, but it did contribute to the prevention of the activation of the IL-6/JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway, resulting in an alleviation of IBV-induced cellular inflammation in Vero and DF-1 cells.

Mechanism of Hedysari Radix Polysaccharide on Diabetic Nephropathy in db/db Mice Based on JAK2/STAT3 Signaling Pathway / 中国实验方剂学杂志

ObjectiveTo observe the effect of Hedysari Radix polysaccharide （HRP） on the Janus kinase 2 （JAK2）/signal transducer and activator of transcription protein 3 （STAT3） signaling pathway in diabetic nephropathy db/db mice. MethodFifty db/db mice were randomly divided into model group， irbesartan group （irbesartan suspension， 22.75 mg·kg-1）， and high-， medium-， and low-dose HRP groups （HRP suspension， 200， 100， 50 mg·kg-1） according to the body weight， with 10 mice in each group. Another 10 C57BL/6 mice were assigned to the normal group. The mice were treated with corresponding drugs by gavage， while those in the normal group and the model group received distilled water at 5 mL·kg-1. The mice in the six groups were administered once a day by gavage for 12 consecutive weeks. The uric acid （UA）， triglycerides （TG）， and total cholesterol （TC） were detected. Periodic acid-Schiff （PAS） staining and Masson staining were used to observe the pathological changes in kidney tissues. Western blot and Real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction （Real-time PCR） were used to detect the protein and mRNA expression levels of JAK2， STAT3， suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 （SOCS3）， and tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α） in the kidney. ResultAfter 12 weeks of treatment， compared with the normal group， the model group showed significant pathological ultrastructural changes in kidney tissues and increased UA， TG， and TC levels （P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， the high- and medium-dose HRP groups and the irbesartan group showed improvement in pathological ultrastructure of kidney tissues and reduced UA， TG， and TC levels （P<0.05， P<0.01）. Compared with the normal group， the model group showed a decrease in SOCS3 protein and mRNA expression levels and an increase in JAK2， STAT3， and TNF-α protein and mRNA expression levels （P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， the high- and medium-dose HRP groups and the irbesartan group showed an increase in SOCS3 protein and mRNA expression levels and a decrease in JAK2， STAT3， and TNF-α protein and mRNA expression levels （P<0.05， P<0.01）. ConclusionHRP can alleviate renal damage in diabetic nephropathy to a certain extent， and its mechanism may be related to the inhibition of the activation of the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway.

Effect of Qiling Baitouweng Tang on Proliferation and Apoptosis in Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphoma Through JAK2/STAT3 Signaling Pathway / 中国实验方剂学杂志

ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of Qiling Baitouweng Tang （QLBTWT） on proliferation and apoptosis， Janus kinase 2 （JAK2）/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 （STAT3） signaling pathway and interleukin-10 （IL-10） in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma （DLBCL）. MethodWith human DLBCL cells OCI-LY10 and U2932 as research objects， cell proliferation was detected by cell counting kit-8 （CCK-8） assay. After treatment with 0， 4.6， 9.3， 18.7， 37.5， 75， 150 mg·L-1 QLBTWT for 24 h， the half-inhibitory concentration （IC50） of OCL-LY10 and U2932 cells was calculated to be 9.33， 16.13 mg·L-1， respectively， based on which， 9.5， 19， 38 mg·L-1 QLBTWT were selected for subsequent experiments. After 0， 9.5， 19， 38 mg·L-1 QLBTWT treatment for 24 h， the zymogen activities of Caspase-3， Caspase-8 and Caspase-9 in OCI-LY10 and U2932 cells were detected using corresponding activity assay kits （colorimetric）， and the IL-10 expression was detected by enzyme-linked immuno sorbent assay （ELISA）. The apoptosis rate and cell cycle of OCI-LY10 and U2932 cells treated with different concentrations of QLBTWT for 24 h were detected by flow cytometry. The expressions of apoptosis-related proteins ［B-cell lymphoma 2 （Bcl-2）， Bcl-2-associated X protein （Bax）， cleaved poly adenosine diphosphate ribose polymerase （cleaved PARP）， cleaved Caspase-3］， JAK2， STAT3， phospho-JAK2 （p-JAK2）， phospho-STAT3 （p-STAT3） pathway proteins， and c-Myc protein in OCL-LY10 and U2932 cells after 24 h treatment with 0， 9.5， 19， 38 mg·L-1 QLBTWT were all tested by Western blot. ResultAfter QLBTWT treatment on OCI-LY10 and U2932 cells for 24 h， cell proliferation was inhibited in each QLBTWT group compared with that in the control group （P<0.05， P<0.01）. The zymogens of Caspase-3， Caspase-8 and Caspase-9 were activated （P<0.01）， and there was an increase in cell apoptosis （P<0.05， P<0.01） and cell cycle arrest at Gap phase1 （G1） phase in 9.5， 19 and 38 mg·L-1 QLBTWT group （P<0.05， P<0.01）. After 9.5， 19 and 38 mg·L-1 QLBTWT treatment on OCI-LY10 and U2932 cells for 24 h， the expressions of Bcl-2， p-JAK2 and p-STAT3 proteins were decreased （P<0.01）， and the expressions of Bax， cleaved PARP and cleaved Caspase-3 proteins were increased （P<0.01）， but no significant change was observed in the expressions of JAK2 and STAT3 proteins. Compared with the conditions in the control group， the expressions of c-Myc， p-JAK2， and p-STAT3 proteins were down-regulated in 19 mg·L-1 QLBTWT group and 19 mg·L-1 QLBTWT+10 μg·L-1 IL-10 group （P<0.05， P<0.01）， and up-regulated in 10 μg·L-1 IL-10 group （P<0.05， P<0.01）， while there was no difference in JAK2/STAT3 proteins. ConclusionQLBTWT can inhibit proliferation and induce apoptosis of human DLBCL cells OCI-LY10 and U2932， and the potential mechanism may be related to the regulation of JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway.

Scutellaria Baicalensis Polysaccharides Alleviates the Inflammation of DSS-induced UC Model Mice by Regulating JAK2/STAT3 Pathway and IL-23/IL-17 Inflammatory Axis / 中山大学学报(医学科学版)

ObjectiveTo investigate the effect and mechanism of Scutellaria Baicalensis polysaccharides on intestinal immunity in mice with ulcerative colitis （UC）. MethodsC57BL/6 mice were randomly assigned to blank group， model group， mesalazine group and Scutellaria Baicalensis polysaccharides low-dose， medium-dose and high-dose groups （n=10 mice/group）. The daily status of mice was observed and the disease activity index （DAI） score was recorded. The expression of cytokines including IL-6， IL-17 and IL-23 in serum was detected by ELISA. After the mice were sacrificed， HE was used to observe the intestinal mucosal damage in mice， and the colonic tissue damage index （TDI） score was recorded. Western blot and immunohistochemistry were used to detect the expression levels of Janus kinase 2 （JAK2）， signal transducer and activator of transcription （STAT3）， p-JAK2 and p-STAT3 proteins. ResultsCompared with the blank group， the DAI score of the model group was significantly increased， the contents of IL-6， IL-17 and IL-23 in serum were significantly increased， the ratio of p-JAK2/JAK2 and p-STAT3/STAT3 in colon tissue was significantly increased， and the expression levels of p-JAK2 and p-STAT3 were significantly increased. Compared with the model group， the DAI score of mice in each administration group was significantly decreased. The contents of IL-6， IL-17 and IL-23 in serum were decreased， the TDI score was decreased， the ratio of p-JAK2/JAK2 and p-STAT3/STAT3 in colon tissue was decreased， and the expression of p-JAK2 and p-STAT3 was decreased. ConclusionScutellaria Baicalensis polysaccharides may improve the inflammatory effect of UC mice through JAK2/STAT3 pathway and IL-23/IL-17 inflammatory axis.

Inhibitory effects of ursolic acid on IL-6-mediated invasion and migration of breast cancer cells / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE To investigate the inhibitory effects of ursolic acid on interleukin-6 （IL-6）-mediated invasion and migration of breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells （hereinafter referred to as “231 cells”）. METHODS The effects of 20， 40， 80， 160 and 320 µmol/L ursolic acid on the proliferation rate of 231 cells were measured by CCK-8 method. The breast cancer 231 cells were divided into control group， model group and administration group. The migration and invasion abilities of cells were detected by scratch assay and Transwell assay. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction （q-PCR） assay and Western blot assay were used to detect the mRNA and protein expressions of epithelial-mesenchymal transition-related makers such as E cadherin （E-cad）， matrix metalloprotein 2 （MMP2）， MMP9， vimentin （Vim）， CD44 molecule （CD44） and aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family member A1 （ALDH1A1）. The phosphorylation levels of JAK2 and STAT3 in the Janus kinase 2/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 （JAK2/STAT3） signaling pathway （in terms of p-JAK2/JAK2 ratio and p-STAT3/STAT3 ratio） were detected by Western blot assay. RESULTS A low concentration of ursolic acid of 20 µmol/L （no significant inhibitory effect on cell proliferation ability） was selected as the subsequent administration concentration. Compared with the control group， the migration and invasion abilities of cells in the model group were significantly enhanced （P＜0.05）； compared with the model group， the migration and invasion abilities of cells in the administered group were significantly reduced （P＜0.05）. Compared with the control group， the relative mRNA and protein expressions of epithelial-mesenchymal transition-related markers MMP9， MMP2， Vim， ALDH1A1 and CD44 were all elevated to different extents， and the mRNA and protein expressions of E-cad were all decreased to different extents in the model group cells， and part of the differences had statistical significance （P＜0.05）， the p-JAK2/JAK2 ratio and p-STAT3/STAT3 ratio were significantly increased in the model group （P＜0.05）； compared with the model group， the expressions of the above indicators were reversed to some extent in the administration group. CONCLUSIONS Ursolic acid blocks the activation of JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathwby the inflammatory factor IL-6， which ultimately interrupts the invasion and metastasis of breast cancer cells.