ABSTRACT
The goals of this study were to ascertain whether a specific leadership behavior (developing subordinates) is related to employees' health complaints and determine some of the underlying mechanisms involved. The hypothesized relationships were investigated in a sample composed of 538 employees working in 170 work-units of a public regional health service. Multilevel structural equation modeling was used to estimate the hypothesized relationships at the individual and work-unit levels. Results obtained at the individual level showed, as expected, that leader developing behavior was negatively related to employees' health complaints through two mediators: organizational commitment and emotional exhaustion. At the work-unit level, leader developing behavior was not related to employees' health complaints. Our findings uncover some of the mechanisms linking leader developing behavior and employees' health complaints at the individual level, show that the observed relationships cannot be generalized across levels, and have implications for the Job Demands-Resources theory.
Os objetivos deste estudo foram verificar se um comportamento específico de liderança (desenvolvimento de subordinados) está relacionado a queixas de saúde dos funcionários e determinar alguns dos mecanismos subjacentes envolvidos. As relações hipotetizadas foram investigadas em uma amostra composta por 538 funcionários que atuam em 170 unidades de trabalho de um serviço público de saúde regional. A modelagem de equações estruturais multinível foi usada para estimar os relacionamentos hipotéticos nos níveis individual e da unidade de trabalho. Os resultados obtidos no nível individual mostraram, como esperado, que o comportamento de desenvolvimento do líder estava negativamente relacionado às queixas de saúde dos funcionários por meio de dois mediadores: comprometimento organizacional e esgotamento emocional. No nível da unidade de trabalho, o comportamento de desenvolvimento do líder não estava relacionado às queixas de saúde dos funcionários. Nossas descobertas revelam alguns dos mecanismos que ligam o comportamento de desenvolvimento do líder e as queixas de saúde dos funcionários no nível individual, mostram que as relações observadas não podem ser generalizadas entre os níveis e têm implicações para a teoria de demandas de trabalho-recursos.
Los objetivos de este estudio fueron determinar si una conducta de liderazgo específica (desarrollo de subordinados) está relacionada con las quejas de salud de los empleados y determinar algunos de los mecanismos subyacentes involucrados. Las relaciones hipotetizadas se investigaron en una muestra compuesta por 538 empleados que trabajaban en 170 unidades de trabajo de un servicio regional público de salud. Se utilizó un modelo de ecuaciones estructurales multinivel para estimar las relaciones hipotetizadas a nivel individual y de unidad de trabajo. Los resultados obtenidos a nivel individual mostraron, como se esperaba, que la conducta de desarrollo del líder estaba relacionada negativamente con las quejas de salud de los empleados a través de dos mediadores: el compromiso organizacional y el agotamiento emocional. A nivel de unidad de trabajo, la conducta de desarrollo del líder no estaba relacionada con las quejas de salud de los empleados. Nuestros hallazgos descubren algunos de los mecanismos que vinculan la conducta de desarrollo del líder y las quejas de salud de los empleados a nivel individual, muestran que las relaciones observadas no se pueden generalizar a través de los niveles, y tienen implicaciones para la teoría de las demandas y los recursos laborales.
ABSTRACT
La energía y motivación de los profesionales de enfermería son fundamentales para su bienestar, para garantizar la calidad asistencial, así como la permanencia de los trabajadores dentro de las organizaciones con altos niveles de compromiso. El objetivo de este trabajo fue explorar el valor añadido que tenían dos recursos personales del propio trabajador: su flexibilidad psicológica y atención plena, sobre sus niveles de vigor y agotamiento emocional relacionados con el trabajo, así como sobre su vitalidad y fatiga, controlando previamente otras demandas y recursos laborales. En el estudio participaron un total de 171 profesionales de enfermería procedentes de España y 50 profesionales de Cuba (10.9% varones y 86.9% mujeres). Se realizaron análisis descriptivos, correlacionales, contraste de medias y análisis de regresión jerárquica. Los resultados revelaron que la flexibilidad psicológica explicaba una parte significativa de la varianza en las puntuaciones de vigor, vitalidad y fatiga, mientras que la atención plena explicaba de forma significativa una parte de la varianza del agotamiento emocional. Demandas laborales como la ambigüedad de rol y recursos laborales como la autonomía, también mostraron un efecto directo importante. Los resultados se discuten en términos de la importancia de incorporar estas variables en los planes de prevención y promoción de la salud dentro de las organizaciones sanitarias.
Nurses' energy and motivation are fundamental to explain their well-being, to guarantee the quality of care, as well as the permanence of the workers within organizations with high levels of job commitment. Thus, the main aim of this study was to explore the added value of two personal resources of the worker, their psychological flexibility and mindfulness, on their levels of vigor and emotional exhaustion at work, as well as on their levels of vitality and fatigue, previously controlling other job demands and job resources. The study involved a total of 171 nursing professionals from Spain and 50 professionals from Cuba (10.9% male and 86.9% female). Descriptive, correlational, mean contrasts and hierarchical regression analyses were performed. The results showed that psychological flexibility explained a significant portion of the variance in vigor, vitality, and fatigue scores, while mindfulness significantly explained a portion of the variance in emotional exhaustion. Job demands such as role ambiguity and job resources such as autonomy also showed a significant direct effect on the energy and motivation variables. The results are discussed in terms of the importance of considering these variables in health prevention and promotion plans within health organizations.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Nursing , Mindfulness , Acceptance and Commitment Therapy , Attitude to Health , Health Status , Surveys and Questionnaires , Workload , Job Satisfaction , Nursing Staff/psychologyABSTRACT
‘Indigenous vaccine’ prepared from ‘Indian Bison Type’ a native bio-type of Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis strain ‘S5’ of goat origin (goat based) was evaluated in indigenous cattle herds located in gaushalas (cow shelters), endemic for Bovine Johne’s disease. Cows (893) were randomly divided into vaccinated (702 = 626 adults + 76 calves) and control (191 = 173 adults + 18 calves) groups. Response to vaccination was evaluated on the basis of health (mortality, morbidity), productivity (growth rate, reproductive performance, total milk yield), immunological parameters (LTT, ELISA titer), survivability of animals naturally infected with MAP, bacterimia (by specific blood PCR), sero-conversion (by indigenous ELISA) and status of shedding of MAP in feces (by microscopy) in the two groups before and after vaccination. Reduction in MAP shedding [to the extent of 100% in Herd A; and from 82.1% (0 DPV) to 10.7% (270 DPV) in Herd C] was the major finding in vaccinated cows. Whereas, the control group cows have shown no improvement. As the first indicator of vaccine efficacy, MAP bacilli disappeared from the blood circulation as early as 15 days post vaccination, however, peak titers were achieved around 90 DPV. Peak titers initially declined slightly but were maintained later throughout the study period. Control animals did not show any pattern in antibody titers. Mortality was low in vaccinated as compared to the control groups. Vaccination of endemically infected native cattle herds with inactivated whole-cell bacterin of novel ‘Indian Bison Type’ bio-type of goat origin strain ‘S5’ effectively restored health and productivity and reduced clinical BJD. Application of goat based ‘indigenous vaccine’ for therapeutic management of BJD in native cattle herds (gaushalas) is the first of its kind.
Subject(s)
Animals , /biosynthesis , Bacterial Vaccines/administration & dosage , Cattle , Endemic Diseases , Goats , Immunity, Cellular , Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis/immunology , Paratuberculosis/immunology , Paratuberculosis/prevention & control , Polymerase Chain ReactionABSTRACT
Two antigens (‘cattle’ type and ‘Indian Bison’ type) of Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis were evaluated for diagnosis of Johne’s disease (JD) in a gaushala (cattle herd). Of the 160 cows of Sahiwal and Hariana breeds screened, 81 (50.6%) tested positive in ELISA and 66 (41.8%) in AGPT test. Using the two antigens, 33.5% tested positive in both the tests while 41.1% tested negative. Exclusively, only 8.2% tested positive in ELISA while 17.1% tested positive in AGPT. Two antigens together detected 58.9% prevalence of MAP in the gaushala. Individually, indigenous ELISA using antigen from native source of MAP proved superior to AGPT in the diagnosis of JD in cows.