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1.
Braz. j. biol ; 75(1): 180-190, Jan-Mar/2015. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-744350

ABSTRACT

Aquatic macroinvertebrates (AMI) play an important role in the ecology of wetlands, either by their job as regulators of the cycles of matter, as for their energy storage function represented in their biomass, which is transferred to higher trophic levels. To answer the question of how biomass of different AMI trophic guilds is related with physicochemical variables in the wetland Jaboque (Bogotá, Colombia), four samplings were achieved between April 2009 and January 2010, according to periods of rain and drought in the region. The AMI biomass values obtained were rated as of intermediate rank. No temporal but spatial significant differences were found. Apparently these spatial differences appear to be associated with variations in anthropogenic pressure, which differs in each area of the wetland. In dry months (January and August), biomass was greater and dominated by detritivores. We observed a positive relationship between the specific conductance of water and the biomass of predators and detritivores and between water temperature and the biomass of detritivores and shredders. These relationships suggest that the physical and chemical variables influence the distribution, abundance, and biomass of functional groups. The physical and chemical conditions of water exhibited spatiotemporal fluctuations related to changes in the concentration of organic matter and nutrients, which presumably were related to the affluents discharges and the high impact of local human populations.


Macroinvertebrados aquáticos (MIA) desempenham um importante papel na ecologia das zonas úmidas, quer pelo seu emprego como reguladores dos ciclos da matéria, como para a sua função de armazenamento de energia representada na sua biomassa, que é transferido para elevados níveis tróficos. Para responder à questão de como a biomassa de diferentes categorias tróficas de MIA está relacionada com as variáveis físicas e químicas da água do pantanal Jaboque (Bogotá, Colômbia), quatro amostragens foram realizadas entre abril de 2009 e janeiro de 2010, de acordo com os períodos de chuva e seca na região. Os valores de biomassa de MIA obtidos foram classificados como de grau intermediário. Nós não encontramos nenhuma diferença significativa no tempo, mas foram observadas diferenças espaciais. Aparentemente, estas diferenças parecem estar associadas com as variações espaciais na pressão antrópica, que difere em cada região do pantanal. Nos meses de menor precipitação (janeiro e agosto), a biomassa foi maior e dominado por detritívoros. Observou-se uma relação positiva entre a condutividade específica da água ena biomassa de predadores e detritívoros e entre a temperatura da água e a biomassa de detritívoros e trituradores. Estas relações sugerem que as variáveis físicas e químicas influenciam a distribuição, abundância e biomassa de grupos funcionais. As condições físicas e químicas da água tiveram flutuações espaço-temporais relacionadas com alterações na concentração de matéria orgânica e nutrientes, que foram presumivelmente relacionadas com a descarga do efluente e o elevado impacto das populações humanas locais.


Subject(s)
Animals , Biomass , Fresh Water/analysis , Invertebrates/classification , Wetlands , Colombia , Environmental Monitoring , Population Density , Seasons , Temperature
2.
Acta biol. colomb ; 18(2): 279-292, May-Aug. 2013. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-685940

ABSTRACT

En el humedal Jaboque (Bogotá, Colombia) se analizaron las condiciones físicas y químicas del agua y se estudió la comunidad de macroinvertebrados acuáticos por grupos dietarios entre abril de 2009 y enero de 2010. Las aguas del humedal presentaron un carácter ligeramente ácido con valores altos de nitratos, nitrógeno amoniacal y fósforo, por lo que este ecosistema se clasifica como eutrófico a hipereutrófico. La comunidad de macroinvertebrados acuáticos registró seis grupos alimenticios, los cuales estuvieron formados por 27 familias, 26 géneros confirmados y nueve géneros aún por confirmar, con un total de 6403 individuos recolectados en 28 muestras de macrófitas. La mayor abundancia correspondió a detritívoros (43,5 %), colectores-raspadores (31,5 %) y colectores-fragmentadores (14,1 %), los cuales fueron más abundantes en los meses de menor precipitación. Los contenidos estomacales de algunos de los organismos evidenciaron que la mayoría de estos individuos consumieron más de un tipo de alimento, además de altas cantidades de materia orgánica. El análisis de correspondencia linealizado (ACL) mostró una organización espacial (estaciones) y temporal (épocas climáticas) en la que los gremios tróficos se agrupan de acuerdo a sus requerimientos de nicho, fluctuaciones ambientales o factores de intervención humana. Las variaciones en los grupos dietarios reflejaron cambios en la comunidad de macroinvertebrados desde una perspectiva funcional e indicaron que el humedal es un sistema muy alterado por las actividades urbanas.


In the wetland Jaboque (Bogotá, Colombia) the physical and chemical properties of the water and the food dietary guilds of the aquatic macroinvertebrate community were analyzed from April 2009 to January 2010. The wetland waters had a slightly acid character with high values of nitrate, ammonia and orthophosphate, so this ecosystem is classified as eutrophic to hypereutrophic. In the aquatic macroinvertebrate community six food groups were recorded; they were conformed by 27 families, 26 confirmed genera and nine to be confirmed, with a total of 6,403 individuals collected in 28 samples of macrophytes. The highest abundances corresponded to detritivores (43.5 %), collector-scrapers (31.5 %), and collector-shredders (14.1 %), which were more abundant in the months of low rainfall. Stomach contents of some of the organisms showed that most of these individuals consumed more than one food type and high amounts of organic matter. Detrended correspondence analysis (DCA) showed a spatial (stations) and temporal (climatic seasons) organization, in which trophic guilds are grouped according to their niche requirements, environmental fluctuations or anthropogenic factors. Variations in dietary groups reflected changes in the macroinvertebrate community from a functional perspective and indicated that the wetland is very disturbed by urban activities.

3.
Acta biol. colomb ; 18(1): 149-164, abr. 2013.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-675076

ABSTRACT

Se construyó un modelo de simulación dinámica con la intención de explicar el comportamiento del fósforo total en el agua y su relación con el estado trófico del humedal de Jaboque, Bogotá D. C., Colombia. En el modelo se incluyen los flujos de entrada y salida del agua y los aportes de fósforo total en cada una de las tres secciones de la cubeta con características morfométricas y condiciones físicas y químicas del agua muy diferentes. La modelación dinámica se basó en ecuaciones diferenciales y para ella se utilizó el programa computacional Stella 9.1®. En los meses con mayores caudales (época de lluvias), la carga de fósforo disminuye en las tres secciones del humedal, mientras que en los meses con menores caudales (época de sequía), la misma se incrementa. En la sección uno (tercio alto) el valor del índice de estado trófico fue de 45,09 mg/m³ y el tiempo de retención hidráulica de 14 días/año. En la segunda sección (tercio medio) el valor del mencionado índice fue de 35,89 mg/m³ y el THR fue de 34 días/año. Finalmente, en la tercera sección (tercio bajo) los valores fueron 19,5 mg/m³ y 40 días/año respectivamente. Estos valores indican que la primera y segunda sección se encuentran en condiciones de eutrofía y la tercera de mesotrofía. El análisis de sensibilidad permitió estimar que con una carga de 0,62 mg/m³ de fósforo total se podrían mantener las condiciones de mesotrofía en la tercera sección y que para las dos primeras secciones se debería reducir la carga hasta 0,2 mg/m³, para alcanzar un estado de mesotrofía.


A dynamic simulation model to explain the behavior of the total phosphorus in water and its relationship to the trophy status of wetland Jaboque, Bogotá D. C., Colombia, in three sections with particular physical and chemical characteristics is presented. The model includes the inflow and outflow flows of water and total phosphorus contributions in each of the three sections of the wetland with morphometric and water physicochemical conditions very different. The dynamic modelling was based on differential equations; we used the computer program Stella 9.1®. In the months with higher flow (rainy season), the phosphorus load decreases in the three sections of the wetland, while in the months with lower flow (dry season) increases. In section one (third highest) trophy state index was 45.09 mg/m³ and hydraulic retention time of 14 days/year in the second section (middle third) trophy state index was 35.89 mg/m³ and the THR was 34 days/year. In the third section (lower third) values were 5.19 mg/m³ and 40 days/year respectively. These values indicate that the first and second sections are able to eutrophic state and third to mesotrophic. Sensitivity analysis allowed estimating that with a load of 0.62 mg/m³ total phosphorus could be maintained mesotrophic conditions in the third section and for the first two sections should be reduced to 0.2 mg/m³ load to achieve a mesotrophic state.

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