Difference of the Definitions of “Ginger” and “Processed Ginger” Between the Edo Era and the Present in Kampo / 日本東洋医学雑誌

Kampo physicians in the Showa era, such as ARAKI Seiji and OTSUKA Keisetsu, had called raw ginger as the herbal medicament “ginger”, and processed or unprocessed dried ginger as the medicament “processed gin­ger”. However, many Kampo physicians in the present Japan call unprocessed dried ginger as the medicament “ginger”, and processed dried ginger as the medicament “processed ginger”. The aim of this study is to investi­gate the background of the process of this change from the Showa era to the present. We searched the defini­tions of the medicaments “ginger” and “processed ginger” in successive Japanese Pharmacopoeia editions and other related books describing these definitions. In Japanese Kampo medicine before the Showa era, the herbal medicament “ginger” had referred to raw ginger, and the medicament “processed ginger” had referred to proc­essed or unprocessed dried ginger. However, after the Heisei era, the medicaments “ginger” and “processed ginger” have referred to unprocessed dried ginger and processed dried ginger, respectively. And the raw ginger has been called as “preserved ginger”.

Comparative analysis on the quality standards of Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma in Chinese Pharmacopoeia, European Pharmacopoeia, Japanese Pharmacopoeia, Korean Pharmacopoeia and Hong Kong Chinese Materia Medica Standards / 国际中医中药杂志

Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma is a common traditional Chinese medicine with huge demand. In this paper, quality standards of Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma in Chinese Pharmacopoeia, Japanese Pharmacopoeia, Korean Pharmacopoeia, European Pharmacopoeia and Hong Kong Chinese Materia Medica Standards were compared and analyzed. It aims to understand the similarities and differences of the quality standards of Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma between Chinese Pharmacopoeia and other pharmacopoeias, and learn the advantages of them to provide the reference for improving the quality standard of Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma.

General Situations and Several Thoughts on Japanese Pharmacopoeia, Korean Pharmacopoeia and Taiwan Herbal Pharmacopoeia / 世界科学技术-中医药现代化

Through comparative analysis on the quality standards in Japanese Pharmacopoeia Seventeenth Edition,Korean Pharmacopoeia,Taiwan herbal Pharmacopoeia and pharmacopoeias of neighboring countries and regions,thoughts and suggestions are proposed on how to use the advantages of them,and research thoughts for available reference are provided for the construction of more scientific and feasible quality standards of traditional Chinese medicine.

<b>On the Botanical Origin of Crude Drugs, with Special Reference to Plant Parts for Medicinal Use and Scientific Names </b><b>for Original Crude Drug Plants </b> / 日本東洋医学雑誌

Botanical origin is one of the most important subjects for ensuring the quality of crude drugs. In this review the author discusses plant parts for medicinal use, especially their Latin names, and scientific names for original crude drug plants.<br>In Japanese Pharmacopoeia (JP) there are several crude drugs whose Latin names are controversial. For example, Opiopogonis Tuber should be corrected to Opiopogonis Radix. The descriptive style of scientific plant specie names in JP is often different from that adopted in taxonomy. A table showing differences between the two styles is given. Examples of crude drugs are given, in which additional plant species are defined in the 16 th JP based on the research work with market samples. Also, comparisons of the botanical origins of crude drugs are made between JP and CP (Chinese Pharmacopoeia).