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One of the traditional prescriptions for treating lung diseases, Jiegeng decoction (JGT), is still unknown in terms of its chemical makeup and mechanism. In this study, Q-Exactive-Orbitrap MS technology was used to identify the chemical constituents of JGT, and metabolomics was used to examine the effect of JGT on metabolites in the lung tissue of mice with acute lung injury (ALI) model. The potential biomarkers were screened by fold change (FC) > 1.5 or FC < 0.67 and P < 0.05, and enriched for metabolic pathways. A total of 40 compounds, including triterpenoid saponins, flavonoids and glycosides, were identified by mass spectrometry analysis of JGT. All animal experiments were approved by the Experimental Animal Ethics Committee of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (No. TCM-LAEC2021106). The results showed that JGT improved the lung coefficient, and lung tissue morphology of mice with ALI, lowered the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), and interleukin 6 (IL-6) in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), and reduced myeloperoxidase (MPO) content in lung tissue. The metabolomic results showed that JGT could regulate 22 metabolites associated with ALI, among which leukotriene D4, docosapentaenoic acid, hypoxanthine, L-5-oxoproline, and other metabolites were mainly associated with the body′s inflammatory response and oxidative stress, and were enriched in the pathways of glutathione metabolism, purine metabolism, and primary bile acid biosynthesis. This study analyzed the potential mechanism of JGT in the treatment of ALI through metabolomics, providing an important theoretical basis for the clinical application of JGT.
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Objective:To explore the curative effect and mechanism of modified Jiegeng Yuansentang combined with conventional therapy for postoperative mucosal edema in patients with cchronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps due to pulmonary Qi stagnation， and to explore its mechanism of action. Method:The 90 patients were randomly divided into control group and observation group， 45 cases in each group.All patients were given conventional therapy after nasal endoscopy.Patients in control group were also given mometasone furoate combined with clarithromycin， and patients in observation group were given modified Jiegeng Yuansentang for internal administration and local irrigation.The course of the treatment was 6 weeks.The sino nasal outcome test-20 （SNOT-20）， nasal situation Lund-Kennedy， rhinoconjunctivitis quality of life questionnaire （RQLQ）， traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） syndrome， serum and nasal secretions inflammatory cytokines ［tumor necrosis factor-alpha （TNF-<italic>α</italic>）， interleukin-1<italic>β</italic> （IL-1<italic>β</italic>）， interleukin-5 （IL-5），interleukin-17 （IL-17）］， serum protein ［aquaporin-1 （AQP-1）， aquaporin-3 （AQP-3）， aquaporin-5 （AQP-5）， fibronectin （Fn）］ were observed before and after treatment in two groups.The clinical symptoms， safety and recurrence after a follow-up of 12 months were compared between two groups. Result:The total effective rate was 97.73% （43/44） in observation group， which was higher than 80.95% （34/42） in control group （<italic>χ</italic><sup>2</sup>=4.726， <italic>P</italic><0.05）.The patients were followed up for at least 12 months， and the recurrence rate was 4.65% （2/43） in observation group， which was lower than 32.35% （11/34） in control group （<italic>χ</italic><sup>2</sup>=4.129， <italic>P</italic><0.05）.Compared with control group after treatment， the SNOT-20， Lund-Kennedy， RQLQ， TCM syndrome， TNF-<italic>α</italic>， IL-1<italic>β</italic>， IL-5， IL-17， AQP-5 were significantly decreased in observation group （<italic>P</italic><0.05）， while AQP-1， AQP-3， Fn were significantly increased in observation group （<italic>P</italic><0.05）.The incidence of adverse reactions was 2.27% （1/44） in observation group， lower than 57.14% （24/42） in control group （<italic>χ</italic><sup>2</sup>=5.243， <italic>P</italic><0.05）. Conclusion:Modified Jiegeng Yuansentang can significantly improve postoperative mucosal edema in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps due to pulmonary Qi stagnation， and the mechanism may be related to the regulation of inflammatory factors in serum and nasal secretions.
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Using the lipidomics method based on UHPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap/MS, the change of phospholipid metabolism in lung tissue of mice induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced acute lung injury was analyzed to observe the regulation of abnormal lipids by Jiegeng Decoction and to explore the regulation effect of Jiegeng Decoction on LPS-induced acute lung injury. The lung tissue samples from control group, model group, dexamethasone (positive drug) group, and Jiegeng Decoction group were collected and the lipid components of the sample were extracted. All procedures over mice were performed in accordance with the Guidelines for Care and Use of Laboratory Animals of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, and the experiments were approved by the Animal Ethics Committee of our university. The lipidomics technique of UHPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap/MS was used to study change of phospholipids in lung tissue of each group. LPS induced acute lung injury in mice with metabolic abnormalities of phospholipids, the specific performance of the PC was significantly upregulated, phosphatidyl ethanolamine (PE), phosphatidyl glycerol (PG), phosphatidyl serine (PS),phosphatidylinositol (PI) and other metabolic disorders, Jiegeng Decoction have a certain role in these phospholipids. LPS-induced acute lung injury caused disturbances of phospholipid in vivo, and Jiegeng Decoction regulates metabolic phospholipids.
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Objective: To establish the method for determining the content of Polygalae Radix (3,6'-disinapoylsucrose) and Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma (glycyrrhizic acid) in Fufang Jiegeng Zhike Pian,so as to know the overall quality condition of Fufang Jiegeng Zhike Pian and ensure the safety and effectiveness of public medication. Method: HPLC was performed of MG C18 chromatographic column (4.6 mm×250 mm,5 μm) and mobile phase acetonitrile-0.05% phosphoric acid solution were used to test Polygalae Radix (3,6'-disinapoylsucrose) and Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma (glycyrrhizic acid),with the sample amount of 20 μL,flow rate of 1.0 mL·min-1,and column temperature of 30℃,where the mobile phase acetonitrile-0.05% phosphoric acid solution and detection wavelength were 18:82 and 320 nm for Polygalae Radix (3,6'-disinapoylsucrose) and 35:65 and 250 nm for Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma (glycyrrhizic acid). Result: 3,6'-Disinapoylsucrose and glycyrrhizic acid presented high linearity with the peak area at 0.105 8-2.643 8 μg(r=0.999 5) and 0.077 0-5.773 0 μg (r=1.000 0) respectively,and the average recovery rate was 96.2%(RSD 1.2%) and 95.6%(RSD 0.9%). After content determination of Polygalae Radix and Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma in 178 batches of samples,it was found that some producers input no,only a few or even poor medicinal materials (medicinal slices) during production,and the quality varied a lot among products from different producers and products of different batches from a same producer. Conclusion: The method is simple,accurate,and highly reproducible and sensitive,providing scientific basis for the overall quality control of Fufang Jiegeng Zhike Pian.
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Objective: To investigate the molecular mechanism and potential active components of Jiegeng Decotion (JD) with the antitussive and expectorant effects. Methods: Target proteins related with phlegm and cough were selected through mining literature and retrieving in DrugBank and TTD database, and the main active components and potential target proteins from JD were computed and analyzed by DOVIS 2.0 and Cytoscape 3.0 to build a molecular-protein regulatory network. Results: A total of 38 target proteins and 472 small molecules were initially screened based on the pathological mechanism which is related with phlegm and cough. Molecular docking results showed that 78 molecules (five from Platycodi Radix and 73 from Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, and their structural characteristics analysis were in accordance with the “rules of generic drugs”) were found in JD with higher docking score (Score ≥ 7) of target protein. According to the results of molecular docking, 128 molecular-target protein data pairs with high docking scores (Score ≥ 7) were selected, and then 26 major active components of JD (saponins and flavonoids, etc.) and 13 target proteins were identified by using Network analyzer. Conclusion: The active components of JD could regulate over-inflammatory response on the respiratory tract, improve the lung function, inhibit the over-expression of mucin, and reduce the reaction of the stimulation on cough center through acting on the main target proteins (TLR4, MMP9, IKK2, etc), thereby achieving the antitussive and expectorant effects.
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OBJECTIVE:To analyze the results of national evaluation inspection for 83 batches of Compound jiegeng mahuangjian syrup(Ⅱ)from 4 manufacturers,and to evaluate their quality. METHODS:Legal inspection method and exploratory research were adopted to test,analyze and evaluate sample statistically. The contents of exploratory research included HPLC method was used to determine the contents of preservative benzoic acid and ephedrine hydrochloride;antibacterial efficacy examination of formulation was studied;pH value of solution was determined;the content of sucrose was determined by polarimetry photometry;the relationship of the content of ammonium chloride with microbial contamination was studied;headspace GC method was used to determine the contents of menthol and ethanol;Platycodon grandiflorum extractum was identified and studied by TLC. RESULTS:Results of legal inspection showed that among 83 batches of sample,80 batches were qualified and 3 batches were unqualified,with qualified rate of 96.4%. Unqualified items were loading capacity,microbial limit and content ofammonium chloride,content of ammonium chloride. The results of legal test combined with exploratory research showed thatantibacterial efficacy of formulation of one manufacturer was not in accordance with the regulations;Some raw materials were notfed according to formulation, and the quality of products was not even. It is recommended to revise the quality standard:identificatied the Campanulaceae by TLC; determination the pH, preservative content, menthol content; revision ephedrinehydrochloride assay method to HPLC. CONCLUSIONS:The overall quality of Compound jiegeng mahuangjian syrup(Ⅱ)is notsatisfactory;there is a big flaw in the production process and quality control of some manufacturers;quality standards needed to beimproved.
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Objective:To establish an HS-GC method for the determination of menthol in Xiao ’ er Fufang Mahuangjian Jiegeng syrups. Methods:An Agilent DB-WAX column(30 m × 0. 53 mm,1. 0 μm)with an FID detector was used;the inlet temperature was 150℃, the detector temperature was 250℃;the flow rate of the carrier gas ( N2 ) was 2. 0 ml·min-1 , the split ratio was 1∶1; the headspace equilibrium temperature was 80℃, the balance time was 30 min, and the sample volume was 1ml. Results:The calibration curve of menthol was within the range of 2. 09-20. 92 μg·ml-1, which showed a good linear relationship (r=0. 999 1). The average recovery of menthol was 98. 0%(RSD=1. 8%, n=6). Conclusion: The method is simple, accurate and reproducible, and can be used for the determination of menthol in Xiao’ er Fufang Mahuangjian Jiegeng syrups.
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Objective To study the relation between Jiegeng loading drug up in Tianwang Buxin Wan and brain,heart and lung.Method 32 Wister rats were randomly divided into four groups(8 rats in each group),namely,control group,Jiegeng group,Tianwang Buxin Wan group,Tianwang Buxin Wan lacked Jiegeng group.The levels of cyclic nucleotide in the brain,heart and lung were assayed by radioimmunoassay.Result The levels of cAMP in the lung in every drug group were significantly increased compared with that of control group.It was significant on the level of cAMP in the lung between Tianwang Buxin Wan group and Tianwang Buxin Wan lacked Jiegeng group.Conclusion It was the lung that linked the effect of Jiegeng loading drug up in Tianwang Buxin Wan.
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Objective:To explore the e ect of QingreJiedu herbs in combination with Jiegeng decoction on expression of NF-?B p65 in ALI induced by LPS.Methods:Male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into normal group,model control group,QingreJiedu group,and the group of QingreJiedu herbs in combination with Jiegeng decoction.The model of ALI was made by injected with a single dose of LPS through vena femorali,the pathologic morphology,MPO activity and the expression of NF-?B p65 was observed.Result:Compared with normal group,infiltration.of PMNs,capillary congestion and swelling were found in model control group,and the content of MPO and expression of NF-?B p65 in the nuclear were significantly increased(P
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Objective To study the preparation technique for Jiegeng Zaogan capsules (capsules of total saponins from the roots of Platycodon grandiflorum A.DC).Methods The optimal preparation technique for Jiegeng Zaogan capsules was investigated by L9(34) orthogonal test with the Platycodin D content as the observation index.Results The optimized extraction procedure was as follows:extracting for 3 hours each time and 3 times in total,adding 10-fold water,alcohol sedimentation concentration at 65 %,and alcohol sedimentation solution staying for 48 hours.Conclusion The preparation process of Jigeng Zaogan capsules is reliable with stable quality,which offers a feasible method for the industrialization production of the capsules.