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Objective To evaluate the impact of demolition and relocation of chemical enterprises on air quality in Jingzhou City. Methods Based on the “Ambient air quality standards” (GB3095-2012), the daily average air quality index (AQI), and the concentration changes of six pollutants in the central urban area of Jingzhou, the air quality before, during and after the demolition and relocation of chemical enterprises during the environmental governance period from 2017 to 2019 was evaluated. Results The investigation results showed that the demolition and relocation of chemical enterprises had improved the local air quality to some certain extent, especially the decrease of SO2 concentration, especially for SO2, but the concentration changes of PM10 and O3 were not noticeable. At the same time, because of the attenuation of the implementation of the long-term policy, the improvement of air quality fluctuated. Conclusion This study suggests that further improvement of air quality in Jingzhou City may face the difficulty of O3 control and insufficient implementation of long-term policies in the future. It is a long-term policy to improve the environment through the renovation of chemical enterprises, and the corresponding regulatory measures need to be updated dynamically to ensure the implementation of the policy.
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Objective To grasp the endemic situation of schistosomiasis in Jingzhou City in 2017, so as to provide the evidence for formulating prevention strategies. Methods According to the requirements of National Schistosomiasis Surveillance Program (2014), Hubei Schistosomiasis Surveillance Program (2015) and Jingzhou Schistosomiasis Surveillance Program, the local population infection monitoring, mobile population infection monitoring, livestock disease monitoring, snail monitoring, and wild manure monitoring were carried out at 71 monitoring sites throughout the city. Results Among the 71 surveillance sites, 44 118 local residents received the indirect hemagglutination test (IHA) for schistosomiasis and 1 925 persons were positive, with the positive rate of 4.36%, However, no stool examination positive cases were found. Totally 2 175 mobile people received the IHA for schistosomiasis and 93 persons were positive, with the positive rate of 4.28%, but no stool examination positive cases were found. A total of 1 937 head of cattle received the stool examination for schistosome infection, but no positives were found. Totally 1 302 Oncomelania hupensis habitats were found in 69 surveillance sites, with 1 923.64 hm2 area with snails. Totally 348 756 frames were surveyed, and the occurrence rate of snails was 17.19%. A total of 142 494 living snails were captured, with the average density of 0.41 snail/0.1 m2. No schistosome-infected snails were found. Totally 596 cases of wild manure were picked up in 41 environments with snails among 23 surveillance sites, but schistosome infested wild manure was not found. Conclusions In 2017, the level of schistosomiasis epidemic was very low in Jingzhou City. However, the risk of epidemic rebound still exists, and therefore, it is necessary to strengthen the monitoring work to further consolidate the achievements of schistosomiasis control.
ABSTRACT
Objective To grasp the endemic situation of schistosomiasis in Jingzhou City in 2017, so as to provide the evidence for formulating prevention strategies. Methods According to the requirements of National Schistosomiasis Surveillance Program (2014), Hubei Schistosomiasis Surveillance Program (2015) and Jingzhou Schistosomiasis Surveillance Program, the local population infection monitoring, mobile population infection monitoring, livestock disease monitoring, snail monitoring, and wild manure monitoring were carried out at 71 monitoring sites throughout the city. Results Among the 71 surveillance sites, 44 118 local residents received the indirect hemagglutination test (IHA) for schistosomiasis and 1 925 persons were positive, with the positive rate of 4.36%, However, no stool examination positive cases were found. Totally 2 175 mobile people received the IHA for schistosomiasis and 93 persons were positive, with the positive rate of 4.28%, but no stool examination positive cases were found. A total of 1 937 head of cattle received the stool examination for schistosome infection, but no positives were found. Totally 1 302 Oncomelania hupensis habitats were found in 69 surveillance sites, with 1 923.64 hm2 area with snails. Totally 348 756 frames were surveyed, and the occurrence rate of snails was 17.19%. A total of 142 494 living snails were captured, with the average density of 0.41 snail/0.1 m2. No schistosome-infected snails were found. Totally 596 cases of wild manure were picked up in 41 environments with snails among 23 surveillance sites, but schistosome infested wild manure was not found. Conclusions In 2017, the level of schistosomiasis epidemic was very low in Jingzhou City. However, the risk of epidemic rebound still exists, and therefore, it is necessary to strengthen the monitoring work to further consolidate the achievements of schistosomiasis control.
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Objective To investigate the knowledge and practice of residents about schistosomiasis prevention and control in endemic areas of Jingzhou City,Hubei Province after the disease transmission being controlled,so as to provide the valuable in-formation for formulating an efficient health education and intervention strategy.Methods The residents were selected by using the cluster sampling method and investigated with questionnaires in Jiangling County and Gong'an County,Jingzhou City,Hu-bei Province,and the data were analyzed by using the descriptive analysis method,Chi-square tests and logistic regression.Re-sults In a total,826 available questionnaires were obtained with 100% of valid rate.Among them,97.0% of the interviewee knew schistosomiasis,and 86.3% knew that the infection happened by contacting water containing cercariae.The residents in el-der age(41-84 years)had higher awareness rates than the residents in lower age(6-17 years),about the regions of epidemic area(χ 2=57.860),infection route of schistosomiasis(χ 2=87.045),advanced schistosomiasis symptoms(χ 2=27.268)and On-comelania hupensis being as intermediate host(χ 2=55.856)(all P<0.05).The males had higher awareness rates of epidemic areas than the females(χ2=13.442,P<0.05).For personal behavior,36.6% of the interviewee had experience of contacting lake or pond water many times a day,and 66.5% had the willingness to participate in schistosomiasis health education.Conclu-sion In the investigation areas,Jiangling County and Gong'an County,the awareness rates of the residents about schistosomia-sis prevention and control are higher,and we should strengthen the health education and behavior intervention,especially in the students of middle and primary schools to help them have the self-protection ability efficiently.
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Objective To understand the status of field feces in Jingzhou City, so as to provide the evidence for improving the control measures to interrupt the transmission routes of schistosomiasis. Methods The distribution of field feces was investigated in 27 schistosomiasis endemic villages in Gong’an,Jianli,Jiangling,Honghu and Shishou counties(cities)from 2010 to 2012. The schistosome positive status of the field feces was surveyed with the hatching method. Results There were 1 366 field feces and the average density was 0.089 2 feces per 100 square meters in this survey. The cattle feces,human feces,dog feces and elk feces respectively accounted for 99.71%,0.07%,0.15% and 0.07% in the survey. The infection rates of the field feces were 1.46%and 2.42%in the channels and bottomlands,respectively(P>0.05). The average rate of infected field feces was 3.21%in 2010,0.36%in 2011,and 1.60%in 2012,and the difference between 2010 and 2012 was not statistically significant(P>0.05). Conclusions The main field feces come from cattle,and the main distribution of infected field feces is in channels and bottom-lands. Therefore,the management of cattle and treatment of field feces should be strengthened.
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Objective To understand the key risk factors of schistosomiasis transmission in Jingzhou City,so as to provide the evidence for improving the treatment of these risk factors. Methods Each village of six counties was investigated and 3 envi-ronments were surveyed each village for the distribution of Oncomelania snails and animal stools in the field. The results were ana-lyzed and the risk factors of schistosomiasis transmission were assessed. Results The density of living snails was 0.43 snails per 0.1 m2,the frequency of the frames with snails was 9.12%,and no schistosome infected snails were found. All of the animal stools collected from the field were from bovines. The schistosome positive rate of animal stools was 37.50%(3/8)among the environ-ments,and the schistosome infection rate of stools was 8.11%(3/37). The schistosome infection rate of animal stools was 0 near the residence living sites,and the positive rates were 12.50%and 8.33%in the ditches and slopes,respectively(χ2=0.07,P>0.05). Conclusions Bovine is still the main infectious source of schistosomiasis,i.e. the main risk factor of the disease transmis-sion. Therefore,the strategy of controlling bovine should be strengthened.
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According to the National Scheme of Shistosomiasis Surveillance,the endemic situation in 8 national surveillance sites in Jingzhou City were monitored and analyzed.The results showed that the average human infection rate in 8 sites was 0.93%,and the rates in residents above 40 years old were high.People with positive results in fecal examination were all farmers,with an infection rate of 1.16%.The average infection rate of cattle was 6.26%.The total snail area was 1 511.50 hm~2,among which an area of 0.98 hm~2 was newly discovered and the area with infected snails was 1.17 hm~2.It concludes that the endemie situation in surveillance sites decreases year by year.However,the infection rate of earle still remains high and the snail status is still severe,which suggests that the control should be strengthened further.
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The data of 162 cases with acute schistosomiasis in Jingzhou City from 2004 to 2008 was analyzed, and the resultsshowed that the endemic situation of acute schistosomiasis decreased year by year, and the children aged 5-14 years were themain infection population, and swimming and playing in water was the main infection mode. It is suggested that health educationfor residents especially students should be strengthened to improve their conscious for disease prevention.