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The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) with high pathogenicity and infectiousness has become a sudden and lethal pandemic worldwide. Currently, there is no accepted specific drug for COVID-19 treatment. Therefore, it is extremely urgent to clarify the pathogenic mechanism and develop effective therapies for patients with COVID-19. According to several reliable reports from China, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), especially for three Chinese patent medicines and three Chinese medicine formulas, has been demonstrated to effectively alleviate the symptoms of COVID-19 either used alone or in combination with Western medicines. In this review, we systematically summarized and analyzed the pathogenesis of COVID-19, the detailed clinical practice, active ingredients investigation, network pharmacology prediction and underlying mechanism verification of three Chinese patent medicines and three Chinese medicine formulas in the COVID-19 combat. Additionally, we summarized some promising and high-frequency drugs of these prescriptions and discussed their regulatory mechanism, which provides guidance for the development of new drugs against COVID-19. Collectively, by addressing critical challenges, for example, unclear targets and complicated active ingredients of these medicines and formulas, we believe that TCM will represent promising and efficient strategies for curing COVID-19 and related pandemics.
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As one of the "Three Drugs Three Prescriptions" anti-COVID-19 traditional Chinese medicine, Jinhua Qinggan granules (JHQG) has been proved to have clear clinical effects. With complex medicinal flavors and ingredients, there is no systematic research report on chemical composition in vivo or in vitro. An ultrahigh pressure liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time of flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-QTOF/MS) method was developed in this study to identify the components of the anti-COVID-19 traditional Chinese medicine JHQG granules. Analyze the collected rat plasma samples after administration and explore the exposed components in rats within 8 hours after intragastric administration. Preliminary pharmacokinetic analysis was then performed on this basis. Through UPLC-QTOF/MS analysis and verification by standard products, a total of 77 chemical components in JHQG formula have been identified, among which 22 compounds were highly exposed in vivo, mainly derived from three medicinal materials of honeysuckle, scutellaria and forsythia. Through the assessment of the blood drug concentration by the compartment model, 6 PK parameters of 4 high-exposure chemical components have been obtained, clarifying the metabolic characteristics of the main exposed components in JHQG briefly. The method is simple, efficient, sensitive and accurate and provides research basis to the clarification of the pharmacodynamics material basis and mechanism of JHQG, which has certain reference significance for the basics and applications research of the traditional Chinese medicine prescriptions in fighting the SARS-CoV-2.
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【Objective】 To investigate the HIV infection among voluntary blood donors in Jinhua area through the analysis of HIV antibody detection and confirmation results, so as to guarantee the safety of clinical blood use. 【Methods】 419 823 samples of voluntary blood donors in Jinhua Central Blood Station from 2013 to 2020 were detedcted for HIV twice. Samples reactive with one assay were double-well retested. Samples initially reactive with two assays or positive with one retest assay were subjected to the CDC for confirmatory test. The HIV antibody infection and epidemiological characteristics of voluntary blood donors were retrospectively analyzed. 【Results】 A total of 419 823 samples of blood donors were dectected, among which 335 were reactive for HIV screening, 48 confirmed positive, with the positive rate at 0.11‰(48/419 823), of which 31 were registered residence in Jinhua and 17 in other places; 46 males and 2 females; 35~45 years old accounted for 28.23%; freelancers 43.61%; coinfection 4.16%.The positive rates differed significantly by gender (male 0.18 ‰ vs female 0.01 ‰, P0.05). 【Conclusion】 The positive rate of HIV antibody in Jinhua area was lower than that in other areas. Blood stations should continue to carry out ELISA and NAT, strengthen the publicity and education of AIDS prevention and control, and ensure the safety and effectiveness of clinical blood use.
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Objective: To explore the effective chemical constituents of Jinhua Qinggan Granules for treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Methods: The compounds and action targets of eleven herbal medicines in Jinhua Qinggan Granules were collected via TCMSP. The genes corresponding to the targets were queried by the UniProt database, then the “herbal medicine-compound-target” network was established by Cytoscape software. The gene ontology (GO) function enrichment analysis and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis were performed by DAVID to predict their mechanism. Molecular docking was used to analyze the binding force of the core effective compounds in the “herbal medicine-compound-target” network with SARS-CoV-2 3CL hydrolase and angiotensin converting enzyme II (ACE2). Results: The “herbal medicine-compound-target” network contained 154 compounds and 276 targets, and the key targets involved PTGS2, HSP90AB1, HSP90AA1, PTGS1, NCOA2, etc. GO function enrichment analysis revealed 278 items, including ATP binding, transcription factor activation and regulation of apoptosis process, etc. KEGG pathway enrichment screened 127 signaling pathways, including TNF, PI3K/Akt and HIF-1 signaling pathways related to lung injury protection. The results of molecular docking showed that formononetin, stigmasterol, beta-sitosterol, anhydroicaritin and other key compounds have a certain degree of affinity with SARS-CoV-2 3CL hydrolase and ACE2. Conclusion: The effective compounds in Jinhua Qinggan Granules regulate multiple signaling pathways via binding ACE2 and acting on targets such as PTGS2, HSP90AB1, HSP90AA1, PTGS1, NCOA2 for the prevention of COVID-19.
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Objective To study the anti-inflammatory,antitussive,and analgesia effects of Jinhua qingre capsules.Methods The anti-inflammatory effect was assessed by the methods include xylene-induced mouse auricular swelling and histamine-induced pigment oozing from skin vessel in rats;The antitussive and analgesic effect were assessed by ammonia water induced cough model and acetic acid-induced twisting method.Results In anti-inflammation experiment,the high dose (12 g·kg-1) and moderate (6 g·kg-1) groups of Jinhua qingre capsules showed significant inhibitory effect on auricular swelling and significant difference compared with control group (P ＜ 0.01,P ＜ 0.05.);the high dose (10 g· kg-1) and moderate dose (5 g·kg-1) groups of Jinhua Qingre capsules play a marked inhibitory role in the increase in mouse peritoneal capillary permeability (P ＜ 0.01,P ＜ 0.05).In antitussive experiment,high dose (12 g· kg-1) and moderate dose (6 g· kg-1) groups had significant inhibitory effect on cough caused by ammonia water (P ＜ 0.01,P ＜ 0.05) compared with control group.In analgesic experiment,the high dose (12 g·kg-1),moderate dose (6 g·kg-1),and low dose (3 g·kg-1) groups effectively reduced the writhing frequency of mice (P ＜ 0.01,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Jinhua qingre capsules have potential effects on anti-inflammatory,antitussive,and analgesic.
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OBJECTIVE:To develop a method for simultaneous determination of geniposide,baicalin,aloe-emodin,rhein, emodin,chrysophanol and physcion in Zhizi jinhua dispersible tablets. METHODS:HPLC method was adopted. The determination was performed on Dimonsil C18 column with mobile phase consisted of methanol-0.05%phosphoric acid(gradient elution)at the flow rate of 0.8 mL/min. The detection wavelength was set at 254 nm,and the column temperature was 25℃. The sample size was 20 μL. RESULTS:The linear ranges of geniposide,baicalin,aloe-emodin,rhein,emodin,chrysophanol and physcion were 0.0323-0.323 μg (r=0.9998),0.1374-1.374μg(r=0.9999),0.00372-0.0372μg(r=0.9997),0.0069-0.069μg(r=0.9995),0.00332-0.0332μg (r=0.9997),0.00864-0.0864 μg(r=0.9997) and 0.00122-0.0122 μg(r=0.9995),respectively. The limits of quantitation were 0.0321,0.1374,0.00372,0.0067,0.00330,0.00864,0.00122 μg,respectively. The limits of detection were 0.0095, 0.0041,0.0012,0.0020,0.0010,0.0026,0.0003 μg,respectively. RSDs of precision,stability and reproducibility tests were all lower than 3%. The average recoveries were 96.54%-99.52%(RSD=1.17%,n=6),97.23%-101.23%(RSD=1.36%,n=6), 97.22%-101.25%(RSD=1.83%,n=6),97.32%-100.23%(RSD=1.09%,n=6),97.99%-102.71%(RSD=1.73%,n=6), 96.99%-100.23%(RSD=1.21%,n=6),96.99%-103.01%(RSD=2.31%,n=6),respectively. CONCLUSIONS:The methods is simple and reproducible. It can be used for the content determination of 7 components in Zhizi jinhua dispersible tablets.
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This paper introduced the development of medical specialists alliance in Zhejiang University. With Jinhua Central Hospital as an example,merits and setbacks of the 3-level trusteeship model in practice were discussed,with improvement recommendations raised for progress of the hierarchical medical system.
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OBJECTIVE:To establish fingerprint of Zhizi jinhua pills(ZZJHW)and analyze the relationship of it with in vitro antioxidant activity,in order to provide the basis for the quality control of them. METHODS:HPLC method was adopted. The sep-aration was performed on a Sinochrom ODS-BP C18(200 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm)column with mobile phase consisted of 0.2% acetic acid(containing 3 mmol/L sodium heptanesulfonate solution)-acetonitrile(gradient elution)at the detection wavelength of 254 nm and flow rate of 0.8 ml/min. The column temperature was controlled at 38 ℃,and injection volume was 10 μl. The“Chromato-graphic Fingerprint Similarity Evaluation System for TCM”(2012.130723 edition) issued by Chinese Pharmacopoeia Commission was used to evaluate the similarity of the 12 batches of ZZJHW using baicalin as reference peak so as to attribute the common peak of fingerprint. DPPH free radical scavenging assay was used to investigate the in vitro antioxidant activity of 12 batches of ZZJHW,and the relationship between its fingerprint and antioxidant activity was studied. RESULTS:The fingerprint of 12 batches of ZZJHW was established and the similarity between the fingerprint of ZZJHW with their reference fingerprint were all above 0.9 (except S1,S2,S3,S12). 30 common peaks were marked,all of which were assigned to the herbs. Antioxidant experiment result showed the differences in the antioxidant capacity among different batches of ZZJHW;spectrum effect relationship showed that 13 common peaks were positively related with oxidation activity and 17 common peaks negatively related with it;among known com-ponents,oxidation activity components were mainly from Lonicera japonica,Scutellaria baicalensis and Rheum palmatum. CON-CLUSIONS:The spectrum effect relationship of established fingerprint with its antioxidant activity can provide reference for the quality control of ZZJHW.
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Objective To develop an HPLC method for simultaneous determination of jasminoidin, baicalin, berberine hydrochloride and emodin in Zhizi Jinhua(ZZJH) Pills. Methods The analysis was performed on a Zorbax Eclipse XDB-C18(4.6 mm×150 mm, 5 µm) with gradient elution by using the mobile phase of acetonitrile-0.2% phosphoric acid solution. The column temperature was maintained at room temperature and the flow rate was 1.0 ml/min. The detection wavelengths were set at 240 nm and 275 nm, respectively. Results The calibration curves were linear within the range of 0.056-0.3360 µg (r=0.9998) for gardenoside, 0.2080.624 µg (r=0.9990) for baicalin, 0.116-0.696 µg (r=0.9994) for berberine hydrochloride, and 0.040-0.240 µg (r=0.9993) for emodin, respectively. The recoveries of gardenoside, baicalin, berberine hydrochloride and emodin were 91.18 %(RSD=1.60%)z 91.55%(RSD=0.75%)/91.19%(RSD=1.08%) and 92.29%(RSD=1.98%), respectively. Conclusion The method is convenient, fast, sensitive and reproducible, with good precision, specificity and accuracy. So it can be used for simultaneous determination of jasminoidin, baicalin, berberine hydrochloride and emodin in ZZJH Pills.
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Objective To develop an HPLC method for simultaneous determination of jasminoidin, baicalin, berberine hydro-chloride and emodin in Zhizi Jinhua(ZZJH) Pills. Methods The analysis was performed on a Zorbax Eclipse XDB-C18(4.6 mm×150 mm, 5 μm) with gradient elution by using the mobile phase of acetonitrile-0.2% phosphoric acid solution. The column temperature was maintained at room temperature and the flow rate was 1.0 ml/min. The detection wavelengths were set at 240 nm and 275 nm, respectively. Results The calibration curves were linear within the range of 0.056~0.3360 μg (r=0.9998) for gardenoside, 0.208~0.624μg (r=0.9990) for baicalin, 0.116~0.696μg (r=0.9994) for berberine hydrochloride, and 0.040~0.240 μg (r=0.9993) for emodin, respectively. The recoveries of gardenoside, baicalin, berberine hydrochloride and emodin were 91.18 %(RSD=1.60%)、91.55%(RSD=0.75%)、91.19%(RSD=1.08%) and 92.29%(RSD=1.98%), respectively. Conclusion The method is convenient, fast, sensitive and reproducible, with good precision, specificity and accuracy. So it can be used for simultaneous determination of jasminoidin, baicalin, berberine hydrochloride and emodin in ZZJH Pills.
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Objective: To establish a UPLC method for the simultaneous determination of 11 components, such as chlorogenic acid, geniposide, baicalin, berberine, wogonoside, baicalein, aloe-emodin, wogonin, emodin, chrysophanol, and physcion in Zhizi Jinhua Pill (ZJP). Methods: The chromatographic separation was achieved on an Acquity UPLC BEH C18 column (100 mm × 2.1 mm, 1.7 μm) with acetonitrile (A)-0.1% phosphate acid solution (B) as mobile phase at the flow rate of 0.4 mL/min for gradient elution; The column temperature was 35°C. The determination wavelengths were 324 nm for chlorogenic acid, 238 nm for geniposide, 345 nm for berberine, 276 nm for baicalin, wogonoside, baicalein, and wogonin, and 254 nm for aloe-emodin, emodin, chrysophanol, and physcion. Results: The 11 compounds were well separated. The RSD values of precision and reproducibility were all less than 2%. The stability was good in 24 h. The linear relationship between the concentration and peak areas of the 11 compounds was all linear (r ≥ 0.9995). The average recoveries were between 98.68%-100.47% and the RSD values were all less than 1.5%. Conclusion: The method is simple, reliable, and accurate, and could be used for the quality control of ZJP.
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OBJECTIVE: To observe the clinical efficacy of Jinhua xiaocuo pill and 0.05% taiarotene cream in the treatment of acne vulgaris. METHODS: 64 patients with acne vulgaris were randomly divided into experimental group and control group according to visiting order, the cases of 2 groups were 32. Experimental group were treated with 4 g Jinhua xiaocuo pill p.o. and 0.05% taiarotene cream for external use once every evening. Control group were treated with chloramphenicol/metronidazole liniments three times a day, the treatment course of 2 groups were 6 weeks. Efficacy before and after treatment were evaluated and analyzed with SPSS 13.0 software. RESULTS: The effective rate was 93.8% for experimental group and 65.6% for control group. Significant different was noted between two groups(?2=7.169,P