A Case Study of the Technology Transfer in Johns Hopkins University / 中华医学科研管理杂志

This article introduces the details in technology transfer in the Johns Hopkins University (JHU),such as the scope of intellectual property,disciplines and the transfer domains,procedures,items,human resources,faculties motivation measures,categories of license.We also tried to find common contents in its technology transfer works and hoped to provide information to help on the medical science transfer in China.

Sir William Osler. Desde el nacimientode los hospitales universitarioshasta la satisfacción por lamedicina moderna / Sir William Osler. From the beginning of the university hospitals, to the satisfaction for modern medicine

William Osler es uno de los médicos con más influencia e importancia en la historia de la medicina. Su influencia abarca varios campos: el clínico, el educativo, el literario, elinvestigativo, e incluso el filosófico. Muchos de sus métodos de estudio son aun utilizados en muchasescuelas de medicina, y también sus enseñanzas son aplicables a la práctica de la medicina actual.Biólogo, patólogo, internista, profesor, observador clínico, autor, bibliófilo, historiador y amante de su profesión, Sir William Osler revolucionó el sistema de enseñanza de la medicina y creó el primer hospital universitarioen Estados Unidos hace más de 100 años. La grandeza del pensamiento de Osler, su reverencia por losestudiantes y los pacientes, lo convierte en un personajedigno del recuerdo. Osler, a pesar de los pocos tratamientosefectivos que poseía (lo que su época tenía), creía que los médicos podían encontrar satisfacción en su practicade la medicina y podían ayudar a los pacientes a curar, oal menos a tener una mejor calidad de vida, teniendo la mente abierta, siendo creativos y artistas científicos, másque intercambiadores de servicios.

William Osler is one of the most influent and important physicians in the history of medicine.His influence covers many fields, as clinical practice, education, literature, research, even philosophy. Many of his teachings are still used in many medical schools over the world, as theyare still practiced in actual medicine. Biologist, pathologist, internist, teacher, clinical observer,author, bibliophile, historian, and a lover of his profession, Sir William Osler revolved the teachingof medicine in the United States, and createdthe first university hospital more than 100 years ago. The greatness of his thoughts, his reverencefor the students and patients, convertshim in a person worth remembering. Besides the few effective treatments of time, Osler believedthat physicians could find satisfaction in their practice, and that they could cure patients, and helps them have a better quality of life, by beingopen minded, creative and scientific artists, more than exchangers of services.

Professionalizing Public Health as a Branch of Medicine: The Emergence of the Johns Hopkins School of Public Health in the United States in the 1910s / 의사학

After comparing the sanitary reform movement in England, France, and Germany, the paper discusses how bacteriological discovery in the 1880s was a turning point in dividing the interests of the 'old' public health advocates pursuing social reforms from the 'new' public health advocates pursuing scientific reforms. In the 1910s, the United States witnessed the dawning of a new era in public health and the rising concern for a national health program. The American pioneers of public health became to recognize the need for new kinds of public health professionals. In this period, the Rockefeller Foundation initiated the designing of a new model for a school of public health in the United States. Most leaders of public health arguably participated in drawing up the model for the school of public health. While William H Welch was inclined towards an 'Institute of Hygiene' similar to that of Max von Pettenkoffer in Munich, Wickeliffe Rose insisted that the 'School of Public Health' be established by all the state governments. The 'Welch-Rose Report,' with a basic framework consisting of Welch's ideas, provided a theoretical basis for the classic model of the school of public health. Abraham Flexner, who firmly believed in a biomedical model of public health, decidedly contributed to the Johns Hopkins, disregarding strong rivals such as Harvard and Columbia. The 'Johns Hopkins School of Hygiene and Public Health' was to become a medicalized version of public health. Finally, the paper raises an intriguing question: Should the schools of public health in Korea follow the Welch model or the Rose model? Is there another option?