ABSTRACT
Resumen El uso de la técnica de perfilación criminológica como herramienta de investigación criminal en los últimos años ha sido objeto de revisiones en cuanto a su fundamentación científica, aplicabilidad rigurosa y funcionalidad para el aparato judicial. En consecuencia, esta investigación tuvo como principal objetivo brindar información actualizada sobre la conceptualización de perfilación criminológica, su utilidad y las críticas que ha recibido en el contexto colombiano. Se realizó análisis del contenido en 34 documentos relacionados con perfilación criminológica, los cuales corresponden a producciones académicas realizadas durante 1998 y 2012 en Bogotá por cinco universidades, la Escuela Penitenciaria Nacional y la Escuela de Investigación Criminal de la Policía Nacional, en las cuales se imparte formación en psicología jurídica e investigación criminal. Los resultados y las conclusiones de la revisión documental indican: 1. El uso de la técnica en la investigación judicial ha sido limitado. 2. Es utilizada para comprender el actuar de quienes realizan comportamientos criminosos. 3. La mayor parte del conocimiento en perfilación criminológica se origina en la academia, en especial en el área de psicología jurídica y hace énfasis en el análisis y las construcciones conceptuales, sin muchos ejercicios de aplicación de la técnica en hechos delictuales. 4. Es necesario utilizar la técnica con mayor frecuencia dentro del contexto judicial y académico de la capital colombiana.
Abstract The use of criminological profiling technique as a tool for criminal investigation in recent years has been subjected to revision as to its scientific basis, rigorous applicability and functionality for the law enforcement apparatus. In consequence, this investigation made its principal objective to provide recent information about the main concepts of criminal profiling, its utility and the critiques it has received in Colombia. Content analysis was performed on 34 documents related to criminological profiling, corresponding to academic productions during the years of 1998 and 2012 in Bogotá by five universities, the National Penitentiary School and the School of Criminal Investigation of the National Police, in which training in legal psychology and criminal investigation is taught. The findings and conclusions of this document review indicate that, a) criminal profiling use as a technique in criminal investigation has been limited; b) its main use has been with the purpose to understand the acts of those people that commit crimes, c) most of the knowledge in criminal profiling originates in academia (universities), especially in the area of legal psychology, analyzing and making conceptual constructions without many ways of application of the technique in criminal activities, d) it is necessary to use this technique more frequently within the judicial and academic context of the Colombian capital.
ABSTRACT
O estabelecimento do nexo causal entre trabalho e distúrbio mental tem ocupado um lugar central nos debates teóricos e se configura como uma questão bastante polêmica, centro de controvérsias no campo de estudos da Saúde Mental e Trabalho. Neste artigo, analisamos o laudo emitido por uma perita judicial e o parecer dos peritos assistentes acerca das condições de saúde de um trabalhador da vigilância bancária no âmbito de uma ação indenizatória por danos morais movida por ele, que tramitou na Justiça do Trabalho de Minas Gerais. Os peritos concluíram não haver um nexo causal entre os distúrbios mentais apresentados pelo vigilante e a sua ex-atividade, fato que embasou a sentença proferida pelo magistrado, desfavorável ao trabalhador. Entretanto, apresentamos, em relação a este caso, evidências de que as experiências de trabalho deveriam ter sido consideradas como um fator determinante no surgimento do Transtorno de Estresse Pós-Traumático (TEPT) do qual o vigilante foi vítima. Ao final deste artigo, refletimos sobre a importância de se ampliar a análise diagnóstica no caso de trabalhadores acometidos por transtornos mentais.
Establishing a casual relationship between work and mental illnesses has been at the center of theoretical debates and considered a rather polemic issue, being one of the controversies in the of mental health and work. In this article, we analyzed an appraisal written by a judicial expert and the opinion of the assistant experts, concerning the health conditions of a bank security worker who brought a compensation suit for moral damages at a Labor Court in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. The experts concluded that there was no causal link between the mental disorders manifested by the worker and his work, which led the sentence to be against the worker. However, we presented evidences that his work experience should have been considered as a determinant factor for the Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) he suffered from. At the end, we discussed the importance of improving the diagnostic analysis of workers affected by mental disorders.