ABSTRACT
To observe synergistic effects of 999 Ganmaoling (GML) and its Chinese/Western materia medica (CMM and WMM) on pharmacodynamic action and to study underlying mechanisms, their anti-inflammatory, antipyretic effects were compared by assaying the increased capillary permeability induced by glacial acetic acid in mice, ear swelling induced by Xylene in mice, non-specific pleurisy induced by carrageenan in rats, and yeast induced fever in rats. Crystal violet (CV) and microbial activity (XTT) assay were used to evaluate the inhibition of GML and its CMM and WMM on KPN biofilm formation, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was applied for observing KPN biofilm morphology changes. The results showed that compared with control group, GML could reduce exudation amount of Evans-Blue and the degree of Ear swelling significantly, and CMM and WMM have no significant effects. The concentration of TNF-α and IL-1β of rat pleural effusion in GML, CMM and WMM group decreased significantly. The concentration of TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-8 in GML group, TNF-α, IL-8 in WMM group and IL-8 in CMM in rats serum decreased significantly. The body temperature in rats decreased significantly in GML and WMM group after 4-8 h of administration. CMM group showed no significant difference in rat body temperature compare with control. Compared with control group, GML (55-13.75 g•L⁻¹) could inhibit KPN biofilm formation and reduce number of viable cells in the KPN biofilm. CMM (45-22.5 g•L⁻¹) and WMM (10 g•L⁻¹) could also inhibit KPN biofilm formation and reduce number of viable cells (P<0.01). Result of SEM also showed that GML (55 g•L⁻¹) and its CMM (45 g•L⁻¹) and WMM (10 g•L⁻¹) could interfere the bacterial arrangement of KPN biofilm and extracellular matrix. GML and its CMM & WMM could inhibit the formation of KPN biofilm, CMM & WMM in GML showed synergism and complementation in inhibit KPN biofilm. Results showed that GML had obvious anti-inflammatory and antipyretic effects and could destruct KPN mature biofilm. WMM and CMM showed obvious synergistic effect against inflammation and inhibition of KPN biofilm formation and reduction of number of viable cells but no same effects against fever.
ABSTRACT
Objective To evaluate the change of extended spectrum β-lactamase (ESBLs) Producing Klebsiella Pneumoniae (ESBLs-KPN) and Escherichia coli (ESBLs-ECO) causing nosocomial infection after antimicrobial intervention. Methods We regularly monitored the data on the yearly consumption [defined as daily dose (DDD) per 1 000 patient-days] of frequently used antibiotics from Dec. 2004 to Dec. 2007. From Jan. 2005 to Dec. 2007, we monitored the resistance of frequently used antibiotics and the timely integrative antimicrobial intervention was based on the outcome of antimicrobial resistance. We also monitored the isolation rate of ESBLs-KPN and ESBLs-ECO causing nosocomial infection. The departments studied were the experimental group and other comparable medical departments were the control group(ICU was excluded).Results The isolation rate of ESBLs-KPN ((43.90%)) and ESBLs-ECO (45.83%) in the experimental group was higher than that in the control group (28.04% and 24.90%, respectively) before the intervetion (P＜0.05). The isolation rate of ESBLs-KPN decreased (from 26.47% to 17.65%) in the experimental group and that in the control group increased ( ESBLs-KPN: from 34.18% to (52.94%;) ESBLs-ECO: from 47.13% to 63.78%) from 2005 to 2007 (P＜0.05). The isolation rate of ESBLs-KPN and ESBLs-ECO in the experimental group was lower than that in the control group after the antimicrobial intervention (P＜0.05). Usage of ceftazidime and cefoperazone/sulbactam and imipenem was reduced and the consumption of cefepime was increased in the experimental group ((P＜0.05)). Consumption of ceftazidime and cefoperazone/sulbactam and cefepime was increased. Conclusion The prevalence of ESBLs-KPN and ESBLs-ECO may be decreased after the integrative antimicrobial intervention.
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the relationships between antimicrobial usage and the isolated rate of ESBLs-KPN and ESBLs-ECO.METHODS We monitored the data on the yearly patient-days and the yearly consumption(defined daily dose(DDD) per 1000 patient days) frequent antibiotics and the isolated rate of ESBLs-KPN and ESBLs-ECO causing nosocomial infections from Jan 2004 to Dec 2007 was analyzed.RESULTS The yearly patient-days of our department significantly increased from 64 203 days in 2004 to 74 442 days in 2007(P
ABSTRACT
Facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (FSHD) is an autosomal dominant neuromuscular disorder which has been clinically shown to cause progressive weakness and result in atrophy of the facial muscles, shoulder girdle and upper arm muscles. The responsible gene for the FSHD has been located on chromosome 4q35-qter. The probes p13E-11 and pFR-1 detect DNA rearrangements associated with FSHD as under 28 kb DNA fragment in genomic southern analysis digested with EcoR I and the fragment contains 3.3 kb Kpn I tandem repeats. In this study, 4 fetuses with a family history of FSHD were analysed by genomic southern hybridization analysis with probes to determine whether they carried the deleted region. Of the 4 fetuses, three of them had mothers who were FSHD patients and the other one had a father affected with FSHD. After 10-11 weeks of gestation, we performed chorionic villi sampling and extracted DNA from uncultured and cultured tissue cells for the direct DNA analysis. The result of the southern analysis showed two fetuses having received about 15-18 kb of deleted genes from the father and the mother respectively, and found to be FSHD patients. The other two fetuses were shown to have two normal alleles from the parents and found to be normal. Two pregnancies which were determined to be normal were carried to term delivering two healthy babies.