Effects of kangaroo nursing after cesarean section on paternal role adjustment and subjective well-being for first-time fathers / 中华健康管理学杂志

Objective:To explore the effects of kangaroo nursing after cesarean section on the paternal role adaptation and subjective well-being of first-time fathers.Methods:In this randomized controlled trial, a total of 160 first-time fathers of newborns delivered by cesarean section from May 2021 to May 2022 in the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University were continuously selected as research objects and randomly divided into experimental group (80 cases) and control group (80 cases) by random number table method. In the control group, the nursing staff carried out routine obstetric care after the birth of the newborns, the newborns were swaddled to keep warm and transferred to the ward, the fathers took care of them by the side; and the fathers were given postnatal routine education and guidance once a day, including newborn bathing, touching and umbilical buttock care, maternal breast care, breastfeeding, diet, medication and discharge precautions etc. The experimental group were given kangaroo nursing on care basis of control group: the father took a comfortable position that half leaned on the recliner with his shirt unbuttoned, the naked newborn was placed on the father′s chest at an angle of approximately 60 degree on the head up and feet down for maximum skin to skin contact with the help of researchers. The newborn′s back was covered with a blanket and wrapped in the father′s clothes, soft music was playing throughout the whole process, meanwhile, researchers encouraged interactions through verbal communications and touching between the father and the newborn. After newborns returned to the ward, they were given kangaroo nursing immediately by the fathers for the first time, and then twice a day in the same way, lasting for 30-40 min every time, and a total of 6 times of kangaroo nursing were completed during in first 3 days after birth. The average hospitalization period of both groups was 5 days. The father-role adjustment scale and subjective well-being scale were asseessed in the fathers, the independent sample t test was used to compare differences of father-role adjustment level and subjective well-being at the time of discharge between the two groups, the Pearson correlation analysis was used to evaluate the correlation between the two variables. Results:The total score of paternal role adaptation, and the three dimensions scores including role identity, parent-child attachment establishment and nursing behavior implementation in the experimental group were all significantly higher than those in the control group (83.91±7.90 vs 78.79±9.44, 28.94±2.64 vs 27.85±3.36, 28.39±3.15 vs 26.46±3.52, 26.59±4.26 vs 24.48±3.81) ( t=3.725, 2.276, 3.647, 3.309, all P<0.05). The total score of subjective well-being, and the three dimensions scores including health worry, energy, melancholy or pleasant mood in the experimental were all significantly higher than those in the control group (88.34±6.38 vs 83.43±7.26, 7.70±1.77 vs 6.95±1.46, 20.03±3.15 vs 18.76±2.94, 19.41±2.01 vs 17.99±2.68) ( t=4.546, 2.928, 2.625, 3.805, all P<0.05), and were all significantly higher than those before the intervention (74.83±5.84, 6.11±2.22, 16.98±2.68, 15.18±2.13) ( t=13.069, 5.207, 6.261, 13.332, all P<0.05). There was a positive correlation between fathers′ subjective well-being and paternal role adaptation ( r=0.614, P<0.001). Conclusions:The father-centered kangaroo nursing after cesarean section can improve postpartum paternal role adaptation and subjective well-being of first-time fathers. There is a positive correlation between the subjective well-being and the paternal role adaptation level.

Effect of kangaroo mother care on the likelihood of breastfeeding from birth up to 6 months of age: A meta-analysis

Background@#One of the World Health Organization (WHO) nutrition target by 2025 is 50% exclusive breastfeeding rate among infants until age 6 months. Kangaroo mother care (KMC) known to increase breastfeeding rates, especially in preterm and low birth weight (LBW) infants. @*Objectives@#This study determined the effect of KMC to the rate of exclusive breastfeeding among preterm and LBW infants at 6 months of age. @*Methods@#Conducted searches in MEDLINE and CENTRAL databases, likewise hand searched local publications December 1996 until June 2018. Included several randomized controlled trials and prospective observational studies comparing KMC and conventional care among preterm and LBW infants. The primary outcome was exclusive breastfeeding of infants at six months of age. Two authors independently assessed trial quality and extracted data the statistical analysis applied using Review Manager version 5.3. @*Results@#Identified nine eligible trials involving 1,202 neonates. All studies had low-to-moderate risk of bias. KMC significantly noted to increase the likelihood of exclusive breastfeeding by 1.9 times at birth up to 6 months (OR 1.93 [1.18,3.17], p=0.009). @*Conclusion@#KMC can increase exclusive breastfeeding among preterm and LBW infants from birth up to 6 months of age.

Kangaroo care for mothers and fathers of premature infants: a non-inferiority study / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective:To explore the effect of kangaroo care for mothers and fathers on preterm infants' heart rate, blood oxygen, body temperature and so on, and to explore the influence of kangaroo care on the anxiety of the implementers.Methods:Totally 132 cases of preterm infants and their parents from September 2017 to September 2018 in Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University were randomly divided into mother group (67 cases) and father group (65 cases) by envelope method. The intervention lasted for two hours. State Anxiety Inventory(SAI) was used to evaluate the anxiety status of the implementers before and after the intervention, and the heart rate, oxygen saturation and body temperature of preterm infants were recorded 15 minutes before and at the end of the intervention.Results:Before the intervention, the SAI scores of the two groups were 35.00(30.00, 45.00) in the mother group and 33.00(30.00, 43.00) in the father group, with no significant difference ( Z value was -0.645, P>0.05); after the intervention, the SAI score of the mother group was 29.00(23.00, 32.00) and that of the father group was 25.00(21.50, 28.00), with significant difference ( Z value was -3.518, P<0.01). Before and after the intervention, the changes of heart rate ( δ1=- 4.25), blood oxygen saturation ( δ2=1.45), body temperature ( δ3=0.20) of preterm infants before and after the intervention were tested by non inferiority test, and the difference was statistically significant ( t values were -6.370, 5.343, 12.612, P<0.01). Conclusions:The effect of kangaroo care on preterm infants' heart rate, blood oxygen and body temperature are no less than that of mothers. Compared with mother, kangaroo care can reduce father's anxiety better.

Relação da duração da posição canguru e interação mãe-filho pré-termo na alta hospitalar / Relationship between the use of kangaroo position on preterm babies and mother-child interaction upon discharge

RESUMO Objetivo: Analisar a influência da duração da Posição Canguru nas interações iniciais da díade mãe-filho pré-termo. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo observacional, prospectivo exploratório, que analisou, por meio de filmagens, a interação mãe-filho, durante a amamentação, previamente à alta hospitalar, utilizando o "Protocolo de Interação Mãe-Bebê 0 a 6 meses". Foi correlacionado o tempo da Posição Canguru durante toda a internação hospitalar e a interação mãe-filho pré-termo. Todos os recém-nascidos elegíveis (idade gestacional entre 28 e 32 semanas e peso ao nascimento entre 1000 e 1800 g) foram incluídos no período de 11 de junho a 31 de setembro de 2014. Resultados: Quanto maior o tempo em Posição Canguru, mais os recém-nascidos realizaram tentativas de contato físico com as mães durante a amamentação (r=0,37; p=0,03); e quanto maior o tempo na Posição Canguru, menos as mães conversaram com os filhos (r=-0,47; p=0,006). Conclusões: Os dados apontam que o maior tempo de Posição Canguru favorece as trocas iniciais de contato entre o filho pré-termo e a mãe, o que sugere maior estado de alerta e melhor disponibilidade do recém-nascido para interações com a mãe durante a amamentação.

ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze the influence of the Kangaroo Position duration in the initial interactions between mothers and preterm infants. Methods: This is an exploratory prospective observational study that analyzed the mother-infant interaction during breastfeeding, before hospital discharge. All eligible newborns, with a gestational age of 28-32 weeks and a birth weight of 1,000-1,800 g from June 11 to September 31, 2014 were included. The films of the interaction were evaluated by the "Mother-Baby Interaction Protocol 0-6 months" tool. The duration of the Kangaroo Position during all the hospitalization period was correlated with the interaction between mother and preterm infant. Results: The longer the dyad spent time in the Kangaroo Position, the more the newborns made physical contact attempts with their mothers during breastfeeding (r=0.37; p=0.03); and the longer the time in the Kangaroo Position, the less the mothers talked to their children (r=-0.47; p=0.006). Conclusions: Longer periods in the Kangaroo Position stimulates the initial exchanges of contact between preterm infant with his mother, which suggests a higher alert status of the newborn and a better availability for interactions with the mother during breastfeeding.

Cuidados centrados en el desarrollo en unidades de neonatología de México, 2015. Encuesta a través de redes sociales / Developmental centered care in Neonatology Units of Mexico, 2015. Inquiry through social networks

Resumen ANTECEDENTES: los cuidados centrados en el desarrollo tienen por objeto favorecer el desarrollo neurosensorial y emocional del recién nacido, disminuir el estrés asociado con la atención neonatal, el dolor relacionado con pruebas diagnósticas y los tratamientos invasores. OBJETIVO: describir el grado de implementación de los cuidados centrados en el desarrollo en las unidades de cuidados intensivos neonatales de México. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS: estudio transversal, observacional y descriptivo. Por medios electrónicos se envió a personal que labora en unidades de cuidados intensivos neonatales, que atienden a más de 50 menores de 1500 g cada año, un cuestionario enfocado a los cuidados centrados en el desarrollo. RESULTADOS: de las 39 unidades de cuidados intensivos neonatales incluidas: 31% usó cobertores para proteger a las incubadoras de la luz, 10% recurrió a algún método de medición del ruido y 36% aplicó escalas del dolor. El tiempo de acceso de los padres a la unidad fue de 2-3 horas al día (56%). El 13% disponía de sala para padres dentro de la unidad, 36% permitían el método canguro. CONCLUSIONES: se observó falta de estrategias para elevar la cobertura de cuidados centrados en el desarrollo en las UCIN, mejorar la educación de los padres respecto a las medidas utilizadas en este programa y lograr que los cuidados centrados en el desarrollo sean aplicados en todas las regiones debido a su bajo costo y gran beneficio.

Abstract BACKGROUND: The objective of Developmental Centered Care (DCC) is to favor the neurosensorial and emotional development of the newborn and to decrease the stress associated to neonatal care and the pain related to diagnostic tests and invasive treatments. OBJECTIVE: To describe the implementation extent of the DCC in the Neonatal Intensive Care Units (NICU) in Mexico. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Cross sectional, observational and descriptive study. A questionnaire focused on DCC was sent via online to personnel working in NICUs that attend more than 50 children weighting less than 1.500 gr every year. RESULTS: A total of 39 NICUs were studied: 31% use covers as a mean of protection from light, 10% use methods of noise measurement, 36% employ pain assessment scales. The access of the parents to the units is 2-3 hours per day (56%); 13% of the units have a room exclusively for parents available inside the unit, and 36% allow the Kangaroo Care Method to be performed. CONCLUSION: A lack of strategies is noted to raise the coverage of these care methods in the NICUs, to improve the education of the parents respecting the measures used in this program, and to achieve that the DCC is applied in every region due to its low cost and great benefit.

Seguimento do bebê na atenção básica: interface com a terceira etapa do método canguru / Seguimiento del bebé en la atención básica: interface con la tercera etapa del método canguro / Baby follow-up in primary care: interface with the third stage of the kangaroo method

RESUMO Objetivo Conhecer as percepções dos profissionais de saúde da Atenção Básica sobre o seguimento do bebê pré-termo e/ou de baixo peso e sua família e a interface com a terceira etapa do Método Canguru. Método Pesquisa exploratório-descritiva, com abordagem qualitativa, realizada nas Unidades Básicas de Saúde do município de Joinville, Santa Catarina. Os dados foram coletados no período de setembro a outubro de 2014 através de entrevistas semiestruturadas com 31 profissionais de saúde. Para o tratamento dos dados, utilizou-se a técnica de Análise de Conteúdo, modalidade temática. Resultados Emergiram as categorias: Organização do seguimento na Atenção Básica; O enigmático bebê pré-termo e/ou de baixo peso e sua puericultura na Atenção Básica; As interfaces da terceira etapa do Método Canguru com a Atenção Básica. Conclusão A participação da Atenção Básica no Método Canguru ainda é tímida, o cuidado prestado ao bebê pré-termo é permeado de insegurança e ainda focado no modelo biomédico.

RESUMEN Objetivo conocer las percepciones de los profesionales de salud de atención de la Atención Primaria, sobre el seguimiento de los bebés pretérmino y/o de bajo peso al nacer y su familia, y la interfaz con la tercera etapa del Método Canguro. Método Estudio exploratorio, descriptivo, con abordaje cualitativo, realizado en Unidades Básicas de Salud en el municipio de Joinville, Santa Catarina. Los datos fueron recogidos entre septiembre a octubre, 2014, a través de entrevistas semiestructuradas con 31 profesionales de la salud. Para el tratamiento de los datos se utilizó la técnica de análisis de contenido, modalidad temática. Resultados Emergieron las siguientes categorías: La organización del seguimiento en la Atención Primaria; el enigmático bebé pretérmino y/o de bajo peso al nacer y su puericultura en la Atención Primaria; Las interfaces de la tercera etapa del Método Canguro con la Atención Básica. Conclusión La participación de la Atención Primaria en el Método Canguro aún es tímida, y el cuidado al bebé pretérmino está permeado de inseguridad y todavía está centrado en el modelo biomédico.

ABSTRACT Objective To know the perceptions of health professionals in primary care on the follow-up of preterm and/or low birth weight babies and their families, and the interface with the third stage of Kangaroo Care. Method Exploratory and descriptive research with a qualitative approach, carried out in Basic Health Units in the municipality of Joinville, Santa Catarina. The data were collected between September and October of 2014, through semi-structured interviews, with 31 health professionals. Data treatment was performed through content analysis technique, thematic modality. Results The following categories emerged: Segment organization in Primary Care; The enigmatic preterm and/or low weight baby and childcare in primary health care; The interfaces of the third stage of Kangaroo Care with Primary Care. Conclusion The use of Kangaroo Care in Primary Care is still shy, caring for preterm babies is fraught with uncertainty and still focused on the biomedical model.

Effect of Kangaroo care on diminishing neonatal pain during heel lancing / 现代临床护理

Objective To investigate the effect of Kangaroo care(KC)on diminishing neonatal pain during heel lancing. Methods Sixty neonates were divided randomly into two equal groups:intervention group and control group,which 30 cases in each group.In the intervention group,neonates were treated with KC(neonates were put in direct and continuous skin-to-skin contact with his/her mom)from 20 mins before heel lancing to 1 mins after the end of the lancing.In the control group,neonates were treated with regular care.The differences in heart rate,blood oxygen saturation,facial pain expression,crying duration and DAN(Douleur Aigue Nouveaune)scores between two groups were compared at 7 time points from 10s before the heel lancing to 10s after the lancing. Results The results of repeated measu te at 7 time points after heel lancing.There were significant interaction effect between time and main effect(PHeel lancing could lead to moderate to severe pain of neonates.KC could effectively diminish the neonatal pain degree caused by heel lancing.

Influence of Kangaroo care in improving milk intake and immune status for premature children / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective To investigate the effect of Kangaroo care in improving milk intake and immune status for premature children.Methods 80 cases of premature children from June 2009 to June 2011 were chosen as the research object.They were randomly divided into the control group and the observation group with 40 patients in each group.The control group was taken with conventional care model for care,and the observation group used Kangaroo care model for mursing.The milk intake of differerent tines and immune status of the two grmps were taken for testing and comparoson.Results The milk intake vohnnes 7d,14d and 28d after care of the observation group were greater than the control group.The levds of CD3+ 、CD4+and CD4/CD8 were higher,while the CD8+ level was lower than the control group.Conclusions Kangaroo care can significantly improve milk intake and immune status of preterm children.

The Effects of Kangaroo Care on Maternal Self-esteem and Premature Infants' Physiological Stability / 여성건강간호학회지

PURPOSE: This paper identified the effects of kangaroo care (KC) on maternal self-esteem and the growth and physiological stability of premature infants hospitalized in the neonatal intensive care unit. METHODS: The experiment was conducted with an experimental group of 17 infants, and a control group of 17 infants selected by convenience sampling. KC was given to the infants one time a day for 30 minutes after feeding for two weeks. Their weight was measured every morning, and their physiological stability was measured in terms of their body temperature, respiratory rate, heart rate, oxygen saturation, and stability of the cardio-respiratory system in premature infants (SCRIP) score, as physiological responses at every 10 minutes during the intervention. Maternal self-esteem was assessed by a maternal self-report inventory. RESULTS: The experimental group showed significant increase in the self-esteem of mothers. Also, KC was effective on physiological stabilization of preterm infants. CONCLUSION: This study suggests that KC can be provided in clinical settings more widely in Korea as one of the nursing interventions aimed at promoting maternal self-esteem as well as infants' physiological stabilization.

Impacto do método canguru nas taxas de aleitamento materno exclusivo em recém-nascidos de baixo peso / The impact of kangaroo care on exclusive breastfeeding in low birth weight newborns

OBJETIVO: Avaliar o impacto do método canguru sobre o aleitamento materno exclusivo nos 6 primeiros meses de vida em recém-nascidos de baixo peso. MÉTODOS: Estudo prospectivo realizado com 43 bebês (23 do grupo canguru e 20 do grupo-controle) com peso < 2.000 g e permanência na unidade neonatal por pelo menos 7 dias. Os grupos foram comparados quanto à frequência da amamentação exclusiva até o sexto mês de vida, utilizando-se o teste do qui-quadrado, adotando-se nível de significância de 0,05. RESULTADOS: A amamentação exclusiva foi superior no grupo canguru à alta (82,6 versus 0 por cento; p = 0,00), às 40 semanas de idade gestacional (73,9 versus 31,6 por cento; p = 0,01), aos 3 meses (43,5 versus 5,0 por cento; p = 0,005) e aos 6 meses (22,7 versus 5,9 por cento; p = 0,20) de vida. CONCLUSÃO: O método canguru foi facilitador da amamentação exclusiva para bebês de baixo peso até o sexto mês de vida.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the impact of kangaroo care on exclusive breastfeeding in low birth weight newborns until 6 months of life. METHODS: Prospective study carried out with 43 newborns (23 allocated in the kangaroo group and 23 in a control group) weighing < 2,000 g and staying in the neonatal unit for at least 7 days. Exclusive breastfeeding rates between the groups were compared until the age of 6 months. The chi-square test for categorical variables was used and the statistical significance level was 0.05. RESULTS: Exclusive breastfeeding rates were higher in the kangaroo group at hospital discharge (82.6 vs. 0 percent; p = 0.00), at 40 weeks of gestational age (73.9 vs. 31.6 percent; p = 0.01), at 3 months (43.5 vs. 5.0 percent; p = 0.005), and at 6 months (22.7 vs. 5.9 percent; p = 0.20). CONCLUSION: Kangaroo care showed to be a facilitator of exclusive breastfeeding for low birth weight newborns until 6 months of life.

Effects of Kangaroo Care on Anxiety, Maternal Role Confidence, and Maternal Infant Attachment of Mothers who Delivered Preterm Infants / 간호학회지

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of Kangaroo Care(KC) on anxiety, maternal role confidence, and maternal infant attachment of mothers who delivered preterm infants. METHODS: The research design was a nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest. Data was collected from September 1. 2006 to June 20. 2007. The participants were 22 mothers in the experimental group and 21 in the control group. KC was applied three times per day, for a total of ten times in 4 days to the experimental group. RESULTS: The degree of anxiety was statistically significantly different between the two groups but maternal role confidence and maternal infant attachment was statistically insignificant. CONCLUSION: This data suggests that KC was effective for mothers anxiety relief but it was not effective for maternal role confidence and maternal infant attachment of mothers. The implications for nursing practice and directions for future research need to be discussed.

The effects of kangaroo care on body temperature, body weight and maternal satisfaction in premature infants.

The purpose of this quasi-experimental research was to study effects of kangaroo Care on skin temperature, rectal temperature, body weight, and maternal satisfaction. Samples were 30 premature infants with post-conceptional age between 33-35 weeks, appropriate for gestational age, post-birth for 1 week, and without complications. The infant was randomly assigned to experimental and cotrol roup. Infants in both groups were mateched according to post-comceptional age, body weight, and calory intake. Infants in experimental group received Kangaroo Care from their mothers twice a day, for a period of 45-60 minutes each time. Infants in control group received routine care from nurses in the unit. The results revealed that the mean skin temperature and rectal temperature of the experimental roup after Kangaroo Care wre significantly higher than before kangaroo Care. The mean body weight of infants in both gorups was not significantly different. The mean score of maternal satisfaction in experimental group was significantly higher than control group. Recommendation from the study is that Kangaroo Care will maintan body temperature and promote maternal-infant attachment.

Physiological Effects of Kangaroo Care(skin-to-skin care) in Small Preterm Infants and Their Parents

PURPOSE: Kangaroo care is the practice of holding a small premaure infant, naked except for a diaper and hat, against a parent's chest. The purpose of this study is to determine the safety and feasibility of kangaroo care in a NICU as defined by physiological variables. MEHTODS: Ten stable, spontaneously breathing preterm infants, weighing less than 2,000gm were included in this 60-min. Kangaroo care (kc) study. Physiological variables, including heart and respiratory rates, blood pressure, skin and core temperature, pulse oximetry oxygen saturation and maternal serum prolactin were measured before, during and after kc. RESULTS: Kc did not significantly affect any of these infants' physiological variables before and during kc. Maternal core temperature rose significantly during kc (36.7+/-0.4 degree (C) vs 37.0+/-0.2 degree (C), P< 0.05). After kc, the mean prolactin level (233.3+/-240.6ng/ml) of mothers was higher than the preceding day(81.9+/-94.2ng/ml) and before kc (71.2+/-96.3ng/ml) (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: For stables preterm infants weighing less than 2,000gm, 60min of kc is safe and well tolerated. The beneficial effects of kc such as stability of the preterm infants receiving kc and increase of maternal prolactin after kc suggest the need to incorporate it into standards of care.

The Effects of Kangaroo Care on Body Weight, Physiologic Responses and Behavioral States in Premature Infants / 간호학회지

This study was performed to investigate the effect of kangaroo care on body weight, physiological responses and behavioral states in premature infants. The subjects were 32 premature infants, fifteen for the kangaroo care group and seventeen for the control group, who hospitalized in a neonatal intensive care unit at a university-affiliated hospital. The kangaroo care was applied 8 times during the twenty five days with 40 minutes for each session. The kangaroo care provides the skin-to-skin contact during which a premature infant wearing a diaper and a hat is placed on its mother's chest. As for the measures, body weight was measured everyday. The levels of epinephrine, norepinephrine and 17-OHCS were measured twice, before beginning the first intervention and after finishing the last intervention. While each session of the care is undergoing, such physiological responses were measured periodically as heart rate, respiration rate, oxygen saturation, core temperature and skin temperature. The results were as follows : 1. The weight gain was significantly greater in the kangaroo care group than that in the control group during the period of performing the kangaroo care. 2. No significant difference was revealed between the two groups in heart rate, respiration rate, oxygen saturation and core temperature. The kangaroo care group also showed significant increases in the skin temperature. 3. The differences in the levels of epinephrine, norepinephrine and 17-OHCS were not significant between the kangaroo care and the control groups. The level of norepinephrine in the two groups was significantly increased over time. 4. Sleep pattern changed significantly in the kangaroo group from a very restless sleep to a very quiet sleep. These results suggest that kangaroo care is an effective nursing intervention for premature infants in gaining weight, achieving stable physiological responses and facilitating a quiet sleep.

The Effects of Kangaroo Care on Anxiety and Confidence and Gratification of Mothering Role in Mothers of Low Birth Weight Infants / 아동간호학회지

This study was performed to investigate the effect of kangaroo care on anxiety and confidence and gratification of mothering role in mothers of low birth weight infants. The subjects were 30 mothers of low birth weight infants, sixteen for the kangaroo care group and fourteen for the control group, whose infants hospitalized in two neonatal intensive care unit at two university-affiliated hospital. The kangaroo care was applied 9 times during the twenty six days with 40 minutes for each session. The kangaroo care provides the skin-to-skin contact during which a low birth weight infant wearing a diaper and a hat is placed on its mother's chest. The questionnaire, state anxiety was completed before beginning the first intervention. The questionnaire, state anxiety and confidence and gratification of mothering role were completed at 2 weeks after discharge. The data were analyzed by a SPSS program. The results were as follows : 1. There were no significant differences in the state anxiety between the kangaroo care and the control group before beginning the first intervention. The state anxiety was significantly lower in kangaroo care group than in control group. 2.The confidence of mothering role was significantly higher in kangaroo care group than in control group at 2 weeks after discharge. 3.The gratification of mothering role was significantly higher in kangaroo care group than in control group at 2 weeks after discharge. 4. In mothers of low birth weight infants, the state anxiety was negatively correlated to the confidence of mothering role and the gratification of mothering role at 2 weeks after discharge. And the confidence of mothering role in mothers of low birth weight infants was positively correlated to the gratification of mothering role at 2 weeks after discharge. These results suggest that kangaroo care is an effective nursing intervention for mothers of low birth weight infants in reducing the state anxiety, improving the confidence and gratification of mothering role.

The Effects of Kangaroo Care on Anxiety and Confidence and Gratification of Mothering Role in Mothers of Low Birth Weight Infants / 아동간호학회지

This study was performed to investigate the effect of kangaroo care on anxiety and confidence and gratification of mothering role in mothers of low birth weight infants. The subjects were 30 mothers of low birth weight infants, sixteen for the kangaroo care group and fourteen for the control group, whose infants hospitalized in two neonatal intensive care unit at two university-affiliated hospital. The kangaroo care was applied 9 times during the twenty six days with 40 minutes for each session. The kangaroo care provides the skin-to-skin contact during which a low birth weight infant wearing a diaper and a hat is placed on its mother's chest. The questionnaire, state anxiety was completed before beginning the first intervention. The questionnaire, state anxiety and confidence and gratification of mothering role were completed at 2 weeks after discharge. The data were analyzed by a SPSS program. The results were as follows : 1. There were no significant differences in the state anxiety between the kangaroo care and the control group before beginning the first intervention. The state anxiety was significantly lower in kangaroo care group than in control group. 2.The confidence of mothering role was significantly higher in kangaroo care group than in control group at 2 weeks after discharge. 3.The gratification of mothering role was significantly higher in kangaroo care group than in control group at 2 weeks after discharge. 4. In mothers of low birth weight infants, the state anxiety was negatively correlated to the confidence of mothering role and the gratification of mothering role at 2 weeks after discharge. And the confidence of mothering role in mothers of low birth weight infants was positively correlated to the gratification of mothering role at 2 weeks after discharge. These results suggest that kangaroo care is an effective nursing intervention for mothers of low birth weight infants in reducing the state anxiety, improving the confidence and gratification of mothering role.