Comparación de ELISAs comerciales para la detección de anticuerpos en la investigación diagnóstica del aborto asociado a Neospora caninum en rodeos lecheros de Uruguay Comparación de ELISAs comerciales para detección de anticuerpos contra N. caninum / A comparative study of commercial ELISAs for antibody detection in the diagnostic investigation of Neospora caninum-associated abortion in dairy cattle herds in Uruguay

Resumen A pesar de su importancia, el diagnóstico etiológico del aborto en bovinos representa un desafío técnico para los veterinarios clínicos y laboratoristas, en parte debido a la dificultad de recuperar los fetos abortados en condiciones extensivas de campo. Dicha dificultad limita la posibilidad de detectar tempranamente los vientres abortados y de efectuar la investigación patológica y microbiológica de los abortos. Neospora caninum es un protozoario cosmopolita identificado como uno de los principales agentes abortigénicos en bovinos. En este estudio proponemos una aproximación seroepidemiológica para diagnosticar abortos por N. caninum en bovinos lecheros usando kits de ELISA comerciales. Se procesaron muestras de entre 12 y 93 vacas y/o vaquillonas con (casos) y sin (controles) historia reciente de aborto en 4 tambos comerciales de Uruguay. La proporción controles:casos analizados varió entre 1:1 y 4,6:1. Las muestras (n=230) fueron analizadas mediante 3 kits comerciales para la detección de anticuerpos IgG anti-N. caninum. En los 4 tambos la proporción de vacas y/o vaquillonas seropositivas por cualquier kit fue significativamente mayor en los casos respecto de los controles (odds ratio=5,13 a 36; p=0,0002 a 0,0485). La concordancia entre los kits varió de débil a fuerte (coeficiente Kappa de Cohen=0,58 a 0,83). Concluimos que, a pesar de la imperfecta concordancia entre estos kits, el empleo de todos ellos permitió arribar a conclusiones similares respecto de la asociación estadísticamente significativa entre seropositividad a N. caninum y aborto, lo que demuestra la utilidad de estos kits para la aproximación diagnóstica del aborto a nivel poblacional en condiciones de campo.

Abstract Bovine abortion causes considerable economic losses to the livestock industry worldwide and is of concern for public health and food safety, given that many abortigenic infectious agents of cattle are zoonotic. Despite its importance, the etiological diagnosis of abortion in cattle is challenging both for veterinary practitioners and laboratory technicians, partly due to the difficulty in recovering aborted fetuses under extensive field conditions for pathological and microbiological diagnostic investigation, and in the early identification of aborted dams. Neospora caninum is a cosmopolitan protozoon identified as one of the main abortigenic agents in cattle worldwide. In this study we propose a comparative seroepidemiological approach for the diagnosis of abortion by N. caninum in dairy cattle. Samples from 12 to 93 cows/heifers with and without recent history of abortion (cases and controls) in four commercial dairy farms were tested. The ratio of controls to cases tested varied from 1:1 to 4.6:1. All samples (n=230) were analyzed by three commercial ELISA kits for the detection of anti-N. caninum antibodies. In all four dairy farms, the proportion of seropositive cows and/or heifers per kit was significantly higher in the cases than in the controls (Odds Ratios=5.13 to 36, p=0.0002 to 0.0485). The agreement among the three kits varied from weak to strong (Cohen´s kappa coefficients=0.58 to 0.83). We conclude that, despite the imperfect agreement between these kits, all of them allowed to arrive at similar conclusions regarding the statistical association between N. caninum seropositivity and abortion, thus representing a useful tool for the diagnostic approach at the population level under field conditions.

Assessing Validity of Printed Panoramic Radiographs Films for Dental Anomaly Detection

@#Introduction: The interpretations of printed panoramic radiographs film frequently depend on personal judgements analysis by observers. The findings correlations between more than two observers must consider statistical tool which can determine that sometimes the observers will agree or disagree merely by chance. Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) generally measures the degree of similarity among individuals within a cluster. Kappa statistic is the most frequently applied statistical analysis for this reason. This study aims to determine the validity of utilising printed panoramic radiographs for assessing dental anomalies and inter-examiner reliability in detecting dental anomalies observed within the panoramic radiographs. Methods: Twenty samples of printed versions of orthopantomogram (OPG) were arbitrarily selected from the AMDI Dental Clinic. Radiographic analyses were conducted twice, Trial 1 and Trial 2, with two-week intervals in between. Ten (10) printed OPG films were used in each session. During both assessments, incidence of dental anomalies was determined. All twenty OPGs were examined and analysed by the principal investigator and two independent examiners according to the inclusion and exclusion criterias. The data analysis was carried out using SPSS version 23. Results: The results of ICC for Trials 1 and 2 were 0.961 and 0.984, respectively. Conclusion: The outcomes demonstrated that the printed OPG films can be used to detect dental anomalies and inter-examiner dependability was in very good assertion for both trials, hence printed OPG films that satisfy the inclusion and exclusion criterias can be utilised for assessing dental anomalies as shown by the reliable ICC values in this study.

Confiabilidad, precisión o reproducibilidad de las mediciones. Métodos de valoración, utilidad y aplicaciones en la práctica clínica / Reliability, precision or reproducibility of the measurements. Methods of assessment, utility and applications in clinical practice

Resumen En investigación, la confiabilidad (precisión, consistencia y reproducibilidad), corresponde a una propiedad psicométrica que dice relación con la ausencia de error de la medición; o del grado de consistencia y estabilidad de las puntuaciones obtenidas a lo largo de sucesivos procesos de medición con un mismo instrumento. Por ello, es esperable que, a mayor variabilidad de resultados, menor sea la precisión del instrumento de medición utilizado, concepto que aplica desde el laboratorio a la práctica clínica. La reproducibilidad se determina aplicando el coeficiente de confiabilidad, que es la correlación entre las puntuaciones obtenidas por los sujetos, en dos formas paralelas de una prueba (porque se supone que miden lo mismo). Por ello, asumiendo que midan lo mismo, las puntuaciones de los sujetos en estudio deberían ser iguales en ambas aplicaciones. De este modo, cuando la correlación es 1, la confiabilidad, precisión o reproducibilidad es máxima; y mientras más cercana a 0 es peor. La precisión en las mediciones está influenciada por el que mide (observador), por aquello con lo que se mide (instrumento de medición), y por lo que es medido (lo observado). Por ende, se ha de tomar en cuenta la variabilidad de cada uno de estos componentes al momento de planificar la medición de la variable en estudio; de tal modo de reducir al máximo los sesgos de medición. Así, las formas más comunes de determinar confiabilidad son: modelos de formas paralelas, test-retest y de dos mitades. Este manuscrito se centra en los conceptos de medición y las diversas técnicas estadísticas utilizadas para ello, como paso previo a la aplicación en la clínica. Por ello, el objetivo de este manuscrito es generar un documento de estudio y consulta relacionado con la confiabilidad, reproducibilidad o precisión del proceso de medición.

Reliability (accuracy, consistency and reproducibility) is a psychometric property, which is related to the absence of measurement error, or, to the degree of consistency and stability of the scores obtained through successive measurement processes with the same instrument. Thus a greater variability of results will lower the accuracy or reliability of instrument used, fact that is transverse from the laboratory to the clinical practice. It is determined by applying the reliability coefficient, which is the correlation between the scores obtained by the subjects in two parallel forms of a test. Assuming that the two forms of the test are parallel (measure the same), the scores of the subjects under study should be the same in both applications. In this way, when the correlation is 1, the reliability or precision is maximum. On the other hand, reliability could be influenced by the observer (the one that measures), the measuring instrument (by that with which it is measured), and by the observed (by what is measured). Therefore, the variability of each of these components must be taken into account when planning the measurement of the variable under study, in such a way to reduce measurement biases as much as possible. The most common ways to determine reliability are the models of parallel forms, test-retest and two halves. This manuscript focuses on the concepts of measurement and the various statistical techniques used for this, as a step prior to application in the clinic. Therefore, the aim of this manuscript is to generate a consultation document related to the reliability or reproducibility of the measurement process.

Concordancia entre los índices de masa corporal nacional e internacional, como predictores de la composición corporal en adolescentes premenárquicas y menárquicas / Concordance between national and international bodymass index as a predictor of body composition in premenarcheal and menarcheal adolescents

El uso de referencias nacionales e internacionales para diagnosticar el estado nutricional es una discusión de larga data, debido a las discrepancias en los resultados. En este trabajo se contrastó la capacidad del índice de masa corporal (IMC) para predecir composición corporal, diagnosticada por área grasa (AG) y/o área muscular (AM), utilizando la referencia nacional (ENCDH) vs la internacional (OMS, 2007). Este estudio comparativo fue aplicado sobre una subpoblación de la base de datos de la Unidad de Bioantropología, Actividad Física y Salud, de 364 adolescentes femeninas, escolarizadas, entre 10 y 15 años, de distintas regiones venezolanas. Se calculó el coeficiente Kappa ponderado para medir la concordancia del IMC por ambas referencias, se determinó la precisión del IMC en cada caso, utilizando medidas de sensibilidad y especificidad. Se estimaron razones de verosimilitud diagnóstica para comparar el desempeño de ambos clasificadores de composición corporal. El índice Kappa ponderado mostró mayor concordancia en AG (0,64) que en AM (0,51). La presencia de la menarquia incrementó las concordancias: AG (0,63) y AM (0,59) con respecto a las pre-menárquicas: AG (0,46) y AM (0,35). Las razones de verosimilitud diagnóstica positivas y negativas resultaron consistentemente mayores que la unidad, tanto para la predicción de AM como AG, siendo siempre superiores en ENCDH que en OMS. Estos hallazgos muestran que en adolescentes pre-menárquicas la referencia ENCDH es más indicativa para el déficit y el exceso en área muscular, que la OMS, mientras que esta última es más indicativa del exceso en área grasa en adolescentes pre-menárquicas(AU)

Use of national and international references for the diagnosis of nutritional status is controversial. Concordance between national and international body mass index as predictors of body composition in 364 premenarcheal and menarcheal female adolescents (ages 10-15), classified according to occurrence of menarche, that were part of the database of the bioanthropology, physical activity and health unit, were evaluated. This study compares the capacity of body mass index (BMI) to predict body composition, diagnosed by upper arm fat area (UFA) and/ or upper arm muscle area (UMA), using national reference (ENCDH) vs International (WHO, 2007). The weighted Kappa coefficient was applied to evaluate the concordance between BMI by national and international references, as well as to assess the precision of BMI by means of sensibility and specificity. Additionally, diagnostic verisimilitude ratio was estimated to measure the efficiency of both references in the classification of body composition. The weighted Kappa showed greater concordance in UFA (0.64) versus UMA (0.51). The presence of menarche increased the concordances: UFA (0.63) and UMA (0.59) with respect to premenarcheal girls: UFA (0.46) and UMA (0.35). The positive and negative diagnostic likelihood ratios were consistently greater than one, for fat and muscle area, especially when using ENCDH reference. The findings suggest that prevalence of deficit or excess in UMA was more sensitive with the BMI_ENCDH than with the BMI_WHO, in premenarcheal girls. On the other hand, WHO was more sensitive to predict UFA excess in the same group(AU)

Comparison of electrochemiluminescence and ELISA methods in the detection of blood borne pathogens in Gabon

Objective To assess the performances of Cobas 6000 e601 and EVOLIS BioRad in the detection of HIV, HBV and HCV in blood donors in Libreville (Gabon). Methods A cross-sectional investigation was conducted in July 2017 in a total of 2 000 blood donors recruited at the National Blood transfusion Center, Libreville Gabon. Among them, 363 donors were selected to compare the performances of COBAS 6000 e601 (electro-chemiluminescence) and EVOLIS BioRad in detecting HIV, HBV and HCV using Cohen's kappa coefficient. Results Both methods yielded similar results for the detection of HIV and HBsAg. A very good agreement of 93.39% and an excellent agreement of 98.90% were obtained for the detection of HIV and HbsAg, with kappa values of 0.80 and 0.98, respectively. The observed agreement of 91.86% was found for the detection of HCV, which gave a fair agreement between the two methods with kappa = 0.33. Conclusions The two evaluation methods showed a similar performance in the detection of HIV, HBV. However, given the high rate of intra and inter-genotypes recombination known for HIV and HBV, more robust techniques of detection such as polymerase chain reaction should be used to prevent post-transfusion contaminations.

Reflux finding score: análisis de la concordancia inter-observador / Reflux finding score: analysis of the interobserver concordance / Reflux finding score: análise de concordância interobservador

Introducción: el reflujo laringofaríngeo (RLF) es una manifestación extradigestiva del Reflujo Gastroesofágico (RGE). Actualmente, el algoritmo diagnóstico usado en la mayoría de los Servicios de Otorrinolaringologìa (ORL) consiste en identificar los síntomas sugestivos de reflujo laringofaríngeo y realizar una fibronasolaringoscopia flexible para determinar si existen cambios estructurales identificables en la laringe o en los tejidos vecinos. Se ha desarrollado una escala subjetiva para cuantificar la severidad de los cambios inflamatorios de la laringe, identificando los hallazgos laringoscópicos asociados con reflujo laringofaríngeo. Los mismos son clasificados por el índice de hallazgos de reflujo “Reflux Finding Score” (RFS), desarrollado por Belafky y cols. El puntaje máximo es de 26 y un puntaje de 7 o mayor a 7 es considerado altamente sospechoso de RLF. Objetivos: Determinar el índice Kappa de Resultados Interobservador usando el RFS en pacientes con RLF en el Servicio de Otorrinolaringología del Sanatorio Allende. Determinar las características de los pacientes con diagnóstico de RLF según: Sexo, edad, síntomas presentes y tratamiento indicado en pacientes que consultaron ambulatoriamente en el Servicio de ORL del Sanatorio Allende sucursal Nueva Córdoba. Material y método: Se determinó el índice Kappa de Resultados entre observadores usando el RFS en paciente con RLF entre 2 médicos del staff de Servicio de ORL del Sanatorio Allende, se analizó frecuencia de sexo, edad, síntomas, conducta médica. Conclusión: El índice Kappa del RFS para cada uno de los 8 ìtems del RFS es leve, medido como < 0,2.

Introduction: the Laryngopharyngeal Reflux (LPR) is recognized as an extra-digestive manifestation of gastroesophageal reflux (GERD). At present, the diagnostic algorithm used in most of the otorhinolaryngology (ORL) services involves identifying suggestive symptoms of laryngopharyngeal reflux and carrying out a flexible fibronasolaryngoscopy to determine if there are identifiable structural changes in the larynx or neighboring tissues. A subjective scale has been developed to quantify the severity of inflammatory changes in the larynx by identifying endoscopic findings related to laryngopharyngeal reflux. These subjective findings for patients with LPR are classified using the “Reflux Finding Score” (RFS) developed by Belafsky et al.The maximum score is 26 and a score of 7 or greater is considered to indicate that LPR is highly likely. Objetive: To determine the Kappa Coefficient of the interobserver agreement using the RFS in patients with LPR in the Otorhinolaryngology Service of the Allende Hospital. To determine the characteristics of patients with LPR diagnosis according to: Gender, age, manifested symptoms and treatment indicated in patients that were treated as an outpatient in the ORL Service of the Allende Hospital, Nueva Córdoba’s branch. Material and method: The Kappa Coefficient was determined by the interobserver agreement using the RFS in patients with LPR between two Staff doctors of the ORL Service of the Allende Hospital; it was investigated the sex frequency, age, symptoms and medical behavior. Conclusions: The Kappa Coefficient of LPR for each of the eight items of LPR is poor, valued as < 0.2.

Introdução: o refluxo laringofaríngeo (RFL) é uma manifestação extra-digestiva do refluxo gastroesofágico (RGE). Atualmente o algoritmo diagnóstico usado pela maioria dos Serviços de Otorrinolaringología (ORL) consistem em identificar os sintomas sugestivos do RFL e realizar uma fibronasolaringoscopia flexível para determinar se existem mudanças estruturais identificáveis na laringe ou nos tecidos vizinhos. Existe uma escala subjetiva para quantificar a severidade das alterações inflamatórias na laringe, identificando os achados laringoscópicos que têm relação com o RFL. Eles são classificados pelo índice de achados de refluxo “Reflux Finding Score” (RFS), desenvolvido por Belafky e cols. A pontuação maxima é de 26 e uma pontuação de 7 ou maior é considerado quase sugestivo de RFL. Objetivos: Determinar o índice Kappa dos resultados interobservador usando o RFS em pacientes com RFL no Serviço de Otorrinolaringologia do Sanatorio Allende. Determinar as características dos pacientes com diagnóstico de RFL Segundo: Sexo, idade, sintomas presentes e tratamento indicado em pacientes que fizeram consultas externas no Serviço de ORL do Sanatorio Allende em Nueva Córdoba. Material e método: Determinou-se o índice Kappa dos resultados entre observadores usando o RFS em pacientes com RFL entre 2 médicos do staff do Serviço de ORL do Sanatorio Allende. Analizou-se a frequência entre o sexo, a idade, os sintomas, as doenças associadas e a terapeútica médica. Conclusões: O índice Kappa do RFS para cada item do RFS é insuficiente, medida como < 0,2.

Comparison of electrochemiluminescence and ELISA methods in the detection of blood borne pathogens in Gabon

Objective:To assess the performances of Cobas 6000 e601 and EVOLIS BioRad in the detection of HIV,HBV and HCV in blood donors in Libreville (Gabon).Methods:A cross-sectional investigation was conducted in July 2017 in a total of 2 000 blood donors recruited at the National Blood transfusion Center,Libreville Gabon.Among them,363 donors were selected to compare the performances of COBAS 6000 e601 (electro-chemiluminescence) and EVOLIS BioRad in detecting HIV,HBV and HCV using Cohen's kappa coefficient.Results:Both methods yielded similar results for the detection of HIV and HBsAg.A very good agreement of 93.39％ and an excellent agreement of 98.90％ were obtained for the detection of HIV and HbsAg,with kappa values of 0.80 and 0.98,respectively.The observed agreement of 91.86％ was found for the detection of HCV,which gave a fair agreement between the two methods with kappa =0.33.Conclusions:The two evaluation methods showed a similar performance in the detection of HIV,HBV.However,given the high rate of intra and inter-genotypes recombination known for HIV and HBV,more robust techniques of detection such as polymerase chain reaction should be used to prevent post-transfusion contaminations.

Cribaje visual en la Atención Primaria de Salud en menores de tres años / Visual screening in under three-year old children at the primary health care

Objetivos: determinar el grado de concordancia entre los resultados de la aplicación, por pediatras de Atención Primaria, del cribaje visual que establece una guía de práctica clínica, propuesta para cuidados visuales preventivos en edad pediátrica y el criterio de verdad dado por el examen de especialistas en Oftalmología. Métodos: se realizó un estudio descriptivo, prospectivo y transversal en una muestra de 481 pacientes de 6 a 35 meses de edad, en la consulta de Oftalmología del hospital pediátrico Marfán, de febrero del año 2014 a enero de 2015. Participaron dos especialistas en Pediatría, de Atención Primaria, dos especialistas en Oftalmología y un licenciado en Óptica y Optometría. El análisis de la concordancia entre los resultados del cribado visual realizado por pediatras y el criterio de verdad se realizó mediante el cálculo del índice Kappa a partir de cuatro variables, empleando el programa epitat 4. Resultados: la estimación de la fuerza de concordancia fue buena en el examen del comportamiento visual y del reflejo de fondo de ojo con K= 0,649 y 0,754; muy buena en el examen externo de anexos, globo ocular y alineación ocular, con K= 0,817 y 0,899. Conclusiones: el nivel de concordancia diagnóstica encontrado entre pediatras y oftalmólogos hace factible la aplicación de los procedimientos de examen que establece la Guía de Práctica Clínica propuesta(AU)

Objectives: to determine the level of agreement between the results of the application by primary health carepediatricians of the visual screening that sets a clinical practice guideline for preventive visual care at pediatric ages and the true criteria from the test performed by ophthalmologists. Methods: descriptive, prospective and cross-sectional study of a sample of 481 children aged 6 to 35 months old, who were seen at the ophthalmology service of Marfan pediatric hospital from February 2014 to January 2015. Two primary health care pediatricians, two ophthalmologists and a certified optometrist participated. The analysis of the level of agreement between the results of the visual screening by pediatricians and the truth criterion was made through the calculation of Kappa´s agreement index based on four variables by using Epidat 4 program. Results: the estimation of the force of agreement was good in the visual behavior and in the fundus reflection, with k= 0.649 and 0.754, respectively; it was very good in the external exam of the adnexa, the eyeball and the ocular alignment with k= 0.817 and 0.899, respectively. Conclusions: the level of diagnostic agreement found between ophthalmologists and pediatricians makes the application of the examination procedures established by the suggested clinical practice guideline possible(AU)

Escala de projetos de vida para adolescentes: evidências de validade de conteúdo / Life's projects scale for adolescents: evidence of content validity / Escala de proyectos de vida para los adolescentes: validez de contenido

A temática dos projetos de vida de adolescentes tem se mostrado um tema relevante na Psicologia, especificamente, na Psicologia do Desenvolvimento. Diante da lacuna de instrumentais que tenham esse objetivo, o presente estudo consistiu na investigação das evidências de validade de conteúdo da Escala de Projetos de Vida para Adolescentes (EPVA), em desenvolvimento. Para isso, cinco peritos no assunto atuaram como juízes, classificando os 116 itens do instrumento em sete dimensões: relacionamentos afetivos, estudo, trabalho, aspirações positivas, bens materiais, religião/espiritualidade e sentido da vida. A análise dos coeficientes de concordância demonstraram a adequação dos itens, sendo possível manter 88% da escala inicial. As análises dos coeficientes de Kappa evidenciaram índice de concordância acima de 0,75 para todos os juízes. Os resultados apontaram para a adequação da escala ao construto e dimensões que pretende avaliar.

The thematic of the life projects of adolescents has been shown relevant in Psychology, specifically in Developmental Psychology. Faced with the lack of instruments that have this objective, the present study consisted in the investigation of the evidence of content validity of the Scale of Life Projects for Adolescents (EPVA), in development. Five experts on the subject acted as judges, classifying the 116 items of the instrument in seven dimensions: affective relationships, study, work, positive aspirations, material goods, religion / spirituality and meaning of life. The analysis of the coefficients of agreement showed the adequacy of the items, being possible to maintain 88% of the initial scale. Analysis of Kappa coefficient showed a concordance index above 0.75 for all judges. The results pointed to the adequacy of the scale to the construct and dimensions that it intends to evaluate.

La temática de los proyectos de vida de adolescentes se ha mostrado un tema relevante en la Psicología, específicamente, en la Psicología del Desarrollo. Ante la falta de instrumentos que tienen ese objetivo, el presente estudio consistió en la investigación de las evidencias de validez de contenido de la Escala de Proyectos de Vida para Adolescentes (EPVA), en desarrollo. Para ello, cinco expertos en el asunto actuaron como jueces, clasificando los 116 ítems del instrumento en siete dimensiones: relaciones afectivas, estudio, trabajo, aspiraciones positivas, bienes materiales, religión / espiritualidad y sentido de la vida. El análisis de los coeficientes de concordancia demostró la adecuación de los ítems, siendo posible mantener el 88% de la escala inicial. Los análisis de los coeficientes de Kappa evidenciaron un índice de concordancia superior a 0,75 para todos los jueces. Los resultados apuntaron a la adecuación de la escala al constructo y dimensiones que ésta pretende evaluar.

Escala de avaliação de altas habilidades / superdotação ­ versão professor: validade de conteúdo / Scale for assessment of giftedness - teacher's version: evidence of validity content / Escala de Evaluación de Altas Habilidades/ Superdotación ­ versión del profesor: validez de contenido

A avaliação das altas habilidades embora escassa na literatura científica é de grande relevância dentro da Psicologia. Diante disso, o objetivo deste estudo foi verificar, através da validade de conteúdo, a adequação dos itens que compõem a Escala de Avaliação de Altas Habilidades ­ Versão Professor. Para isso, seis estudantes de pós graduação na área da avaliação psicológica atuaram como juízes, classificando os 41 itens do instrumento em cinco fatores (capacidade intelectual acadêmica, habilidades acadêmicas específicas, liderança, criatividade e talento artístico). Os resultados demonstraram a adequação dos itens, tendo a maioria deles apresentado índices de concordância perfeita acima de 80% (n=29) e entre 60 e 80% (n=8), indicando concordância moderada. Apenas quatro itens apresentaram concordância igual ou inferior a 50%, sugerindo a necessidade de reformulações. As análises dos coeficientes Kappa evidenciaram índices entre 0,69 e 0,81. Os resultados apontaram a adequação da escala ao conteúdo do modelo que pretende avaliar.

The assessment of high abilities is of great importance in psychology, despite scarce studies in literature. Therefore, the aim of this study was to verify, through content validity, the appropriateness of the items of the High Assessment Scale Skills - Teacher Version. The judges were six post-graduate students in the psychological assessment area who rated the 41 items of the instrument in six factors (academic intellectual ability, specific academic skills, leadership, creativity, artistic talent). The results demonstrated the suitability of the items, most of them with concordance rates above 80% (n = 29) and between 60 and 80% (n = 8). Only four items showed agreement at or below 50%, suggesting the need for reformulation. The analysis of the Kappa coefficients showed indices between 0.69 and 0.81. In general, the results indicated the suitability of the scale to the contents of the pretended model.

La evaluación de altas habilidades aunque escasos en la literatura es de gran importancia en la psicología. Por esto, el objetivo del estudio fue verificar, a través de la validez de contenido, la adecuación de los ítems que componen la Escala de Evaluación de Altas Habilidades - versión del Profesor. Así, seis estudiantes de posgrado en área de evaluación psicológica actuaron como jueces, y hicieron la clasificación de los 41 ítems del instrumento en seis factores (capacidad académica intelectual, habilidades académicas específicas, liderazgo, creatividad y talento artístico). Los resultados demostraron la idoneidad de los ítems, una ves que la mayoría de tuvieron las tasas de concordancia perfecta por encima del 80% (n = 29) y entre 60 y 80% (n = 8), indicando acuerdo moderado. Sólo cuatro ítems presentaron acuerdos iguales o inferiores al 50%, lo que sugiere la necesidad de reformulación. El análisis de los coeficientes Kappa mostró tasas entre 0,69 y 0,81. En general, los resultados indicaron la idoneidad de la escala para el contenido del modelo.

Repeatability of TLICS scoring system used in the thoracolumbar spine injury / 中国基层医药

Objective To evaluate the thoracolumbar injury severity score [ thoracolumbar injury classifica-tion and severity score(TLICS)]and repeatability,and analyze its clinical significance in the treatment of injury of thoracolumbar.Methods The clinical and imaging data of our hospital (thoracolumbar X ray,CT examination,MRI examination) of intact thoracolumbar fractures in 90 patients were retrospectively analyzed ,respectively,TLICS score were made for their site of spinal injury morphology ,neural function and the posterior ligament complex three .Three months after reviewed ,TLICS was analyzed by using Cohen weighted kappa coefficient score .Its repeatability was ana-lyzed.Results According to the TLICS system ,spinal injury body ,nerve function and the integrity of the posterior ligamentous complex were evaluated , respectively, the repeatability coefficient of Kappa , the calculated total to 0.47 non operation group,operation group,the total score was 0.46,with a moderate consistency.The neural function evaluation of the highest high consistency ,consistency .No significant differences between the two groups of repetitive Kappa coefficient(statistical values =0.674 5,P>0.05).According to the TLICS system of statistical accuracy ,the diagnostic sensitivity,specificity ratios was 95.8%,86.4%,97.6%,respectively.Conclusion The reliability of TLICS system for thoracolumbar treatment and recovery is higher ,relative comprehensive evaluation ,which can effec-tively guide the clinical treatment .