ABSTRACT
Background: Antiretroviral therapy is one of the reasons for falling trend of HIV epidemic at present. The clinical efficacy, toxicity and reasons for failure of first line ART is understudied. This study aimed to determine the frequency rates and reasons for discontinuation of first line ART in a cohort of HIV positive adult patients.Methods: Cross sectional study was conducted on 11,968 patients of HIV registered at Victoria Hospital ART centre from 2011 to 2017. Using a structured proforma, relevant information was collected from patients taking first line ART. Descriptive statistics was used for analysing the results obtained.Results: Total 11,968 HIV patients were registered at ART centre during our study period of which only 4,008 patients were taking ART among them, 167 patients were referred for initiation of 2nd line ART. After evaluation 28 were continued on First line,1 opted out, 20 were transferred out,1 discontinued treatment, 17 died, 14 were lost to follow up, 5 were excluded from the study and only 81 patients were started on second line ART. Failure rate of first line ART in our study was 2.02%. Immunological failure followed by clinical failure were the most common reasons for changeover in this study. Tuberculosis was the most common comorbid disease in this study.Conclusions: First line ART is very effective and well tolerated and has a low failure rate. Low CD4 count, anaemia, raised ALP, low albumin were among the factors associated with treatment failure. WHO staging did not correlate with the treatment failure, recommended routine viral load monitoring for assessing treatment failure.
ABSTRACT
Aim: To estimate prevalence of TB among inmates and staff of three prisons in south India. Place of Study: The study was undertaken in three purposively selected prisons in Karnataka State, India, namely, Belgaum, Mysore and Mangalore prisons. Methodology: A descriptive, cross-sectional study was undertaken among a total of 2450 inmates and 280 staff at the three selected prisons. Inmates and prison staff were screened for cough of ≥ 2 weeks and the identified TB suspects were subjected to sputum microscopy for acid fast bacilli using ZN staining and fluorescent microscopy. Results: 81 TB suspects were identified among the inmates and none among the staff. Of the 81 TB suspects, none were positive for acid fast bacilli. 10 inmates at the prisons were already on DOTS for pulmonary TB. A prevalence of pulmonary TB of 4/1000 prison inmates was estimated. Unmet need for medical care was elicited among TB suspects. Past history of anti-TB treatment and history of current smoking were identified as significant risk factors for TB in the selected prisons. Conclusion: The estimated prevalence of pulmonary TB in the selected prisons (4/1000 prison inmates and staff) was almost twice that in the Indian general population (2.11/1000 general population).