ABSTRACT
SUMMARY: The study purposed to examine the morphometry and morphology of crista galli in cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) and apply a new analysis, supervised Machine Learning techniques to find the answers to research questions "Can sex be determined with crista galli morphometric measurements?" or "How effective are the crista galli morphometric measurements in determining sex?". Crista galli dimensions including anteroposterior, superoinferior, and laterolateral were measured and carried out on 200 healthy adult subjects (98 females; 102 males) aged between 18-79 years. Also, crista galli was classified with two methods called morphological types and Keros classification. In this study, the Chi-square test, Student's t-test, and Oneway ANOVA were performed. Additionally, Machine Learning techniques were applied. The means of the CGH, CGW, and CGL were found as 14.96 mm; 3.96 mm, and 12.76 mm in males, respectively. The same values were as 13.54 mm; 3.51 mm and 11.59±1.61 mm in females, respectively. The CG morphometric measurements of males were higher than those of females. There was a significant difference between sexes in terms of morphological classification type. Also, when the sex assignment of JRip was analyzed, out of 102 male instances 62 of them were correctly predicted, and for 98 female instances, 70 of them were correctly predicted according to their CG measurements. The JRip found the following classification rule for the given dataset: "if CGH<=14.4 then sex is female, otherwise sex is male". The accuracy of this rule is not high, but it gives an idea about the relationship between CG measurements and sex. Although the issue that CG morphometric measurements can be used in sex determination is still controversial, it was concluded in the analysis that CG morphometric measurements can be used in sex determination. Also, Machine Learning Techniques give an idea about the relationship between CG measurements and sex.
En el estudio se propuso examinar la morfometría y la morfología de la crista galli del hueso etmoides usando tomografía computarizada de haz cónico (CBCT) y aplicar un nuevo análisis, técnicas de aprendizaje automático supervisado para encontrar las respuestas a las preguntas de investigación "¿Se puede determinar el sexo con mediciones morfométricas de la crista galli?" o "¿Qué tan efectivas son las medidas morfométricas de la crista galli para determinar el sexo?". Las dimensiones de la crista galli, incluidas los diámetros anteroposterior, superoinferior y laterolateral, se midieron y realizaron en 200 sujetos adultos sanos (98 mujeres; 102 hombres) con edades comprendidas entre los 18 y los 79 años. La crista galli se clasificó con dos métodos llamados tipos morfológicos y clasificación de Keros. En este estudio, se realizaron la prueba de Chicuadrado, la prueba t de Student y ANOVA de una vía. Adicionalmente, se aplicaron técnicas de Machine Learning. Las medias de CGH, CGW y CGL se encontraron en 14,96 mm; 3,96 mm y 12,76 mm en hombres, respectivamente. Los mismos valores fueron 13,54 mm; 3,51 mm y 11,59 ± 1,61 mm en mujeres, respectivamente. Las medidas morfométricas del CG de los hombress fueron más altas que las de las mujeres. Hubo una diferencia significativa entre sexos en cuanto al tipo de clasificación morfológica. Además, cuando se analizó la asignación de sexo de JRip, de 102 instancias masculinas, 62 de ellas se predijeron correctamente, y de 98 instancias femeninas, 70 de ellas se predijeron correctamente de acuerdo con las mediciones de CG. El JRip encontró la siguiente regla de clasificación para el conjunto de datos dado: "si CGH<=14.4, por tanto el sexo es femenino, de lo contrario, el sexo es masculino". La precisión de esta regla no es alta, pero da una idea de la relación entre las medidas del CG y el sexo. Aunque la pregunta si las medidas morfométricas CG se pueden usar en la determinación del sexo sigue aún siendo controvertida. Se concluyó en el análisis que las medidas morfométricas CG se pueden usar en la determinación del sexo. Además, las técnicas de aprendizaje automático dan una idea de la relación entre las medidas de CG y el sexo.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Young Adult , Sphenoid Bone/diagnostic imaging , Ethmoid Bone/diagnostic imaging , Sex Determination by Skeleton , Frontal Bone/diagnostic imaging , Sphenoid Bone/anatomy & histology , Ethmoid Bone/anatomy & histology , Cone-Beam Computed Tomography , Machine Learning , Frontal Bone/anatomy & histologyABSTRACT
Etudier à la tomodensitométrie, les variations anatomiques du toit de l'os ethmoïde en déterminant la prévalence des variantes à haut risque. Matériels et méthodes: Etude transversale, avec une collecte rétrospective, descriptive et analytique menée sur une période de 06 mois dans deux services de radiologie et imagerie médicale à Lomé. Elle portait sur des examens de tomodensitométrie normaux des sinus de l'adulte. Résultats: L'âge moyen était de 50,69 ± 16,18 ans. La profondeur moyenne de la fosse olfactive dans le sexe masculin était de 4,03± 1,40 mm contre 4,45±1,59 mm dans le sexe féminin (p=0,0136). Le type III de Keros a été retrouvé dans 11 cas (3,5%). L'asymétrie de la profondeur de la fosse olfactive a été observée chez 107 (69%) patients. L'angle de Gera mesurait en moyenne 58,5±14,6 degrés et 60 (19,4%) toits de l'ethmoïde étaient classés dans le type III. On notait une asymétrie de l'angle de Gera chez 102 (65,8%) patients. La longueur moyenne de la lamelle latérale de la lame criblée était de 5,34 ± 1,4 mm. La longueur moyenne de la fovéa ethmoïdale chez les hommes était de 10 ± 2,5 mm contre 9,3 ± 2,2 chez les femmes (p=0,0078). Il existait une corrélation linéaire positive entre la profondeur de la fosse olfactive et l'angle de Gera (r=0,498; p=0,002). Conclusion: La fréquence élevée de l'asymétrie du toit ethmoïdal suggère que ces variations soient précisées par les radiologues dans les compte-rendu des examens de tomodensitométrie des sinus pour bilan préopératoire
Subject(s)
Humans , Tomography, X-Ray Computed , Radiologists , Classification , Ethmoid Bone , Facial Asymmetry , Four-Dimensional Computed TomographyABSTRACT
Abstract Objective: With this radio-anatomical study, we aimed to describe the distribution of the depth of the olfactory fossa based on the Keros classification in the pediatric population in our region and to reduce complication rates by providing normative data. Methods: This was a retrospective study conducted with computed tomography imaging of the paranasal sinuses of 390 pediatric patients referred over a six-year period in Sakarya and Kocaeli University Faculty of Medicine. Patients were divided into 3 groups as 1-6, 6-12, and 12-18 years old. The depth of the olfactory fossa was measured and classified according to the Keros classification. The incidence of Keros asymmetries was also investigated. Results: The distribution of the depth of a total of 780 olfactory fossa according to the Keros classification was 24.7% Keros I, 65.9% Keros II, and 9.4% Keros III. When the groups were evaluated with each other and within each group, it was seen that the prevalence of Keros I type was significantly higher in the first group (p < 0.05), and the prevalence of Keros type II was significantly higher in the second and third groups (p < 0.05). Apart from this, the number of Keros type III increased in the third group compared to the first two groups and showed a statistically significant difference (p < 0.05). Among all patients, asymmetry of the olfactory fossa was detected in 29 patients (7.4%). Although the number of olfactory fossa asymmetry was low in group I, it was not significantly different between the groups (p > 0.05). Conclusion: In our study, high Keros I rate and low Keros III rate in children aged -6 were remarkable. Especially for children under the age of six, questions arise about the validity of the Keros classification. More detailed studies in larger populations, in different ethnicities, and with various age groups are needed. Level of evidence: Level 3.
ABSTRACT
Background: Ethmoid Skull Base (ESB) is anarticulation of ethmoid roof with Lateral Lamella ofCribriform plate (LLCP). An increased LLCP heightwas observed to increase the vulnerability of ESB tosurgical injuries. Aim and Objectives: The present studywas undertaken to analyze the configuration of thelateral lamella of cribriform plate, the ethmoid roof withrespect to Keros type of olfactory fossa. Material andMethods: Aretrospective Computed Tomographic (CT)study was done with 60 Coronal Paranasal Sinuses(PNS) scans and LLCP height was determined bysubtracting Medial Ethmoid Roof Point (MERP) fromCP heights and classified according to Keros. Thedifference between Medial Ethmoid Roof Point(MERP) and Lateral Ethmoid Roof Point (LERP)heights in both anterior and posterior planes indicatesthe direction of ethmoid roof slope. Results: Theaverage height of the LLCP was between 1.53 to 8.55mm with a mean (SD) of 3.77 mm 1.66 and majoritybelonged to Keros type I. Overall mean differencebetween LERP and MERP was 5.43 0.74 mm inanterior and 4.43 0.63 mm in posterior planes. In boththe planes irrespective of the sides the height of theLERPwas higher in relation to medial side. Conclusion:Keros type I was the most common type and the slope ofanterior ethmoid roof is steeper compared to posterior.This preoperative knowledge about the configuration ofLLCPas well as the ethmoid roof contour is vital duringendonasal ethmoidal surgeries.