Construction of performance management system for pharmacy department of tertiary public hospitals under new situation / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE To provide reference for improving the work efficiency of staff and promoting the discipline construction of pharmacy department. METHODS By analyzing the current situation of performance management in the pharmacy department of our hospital， the key successful factors were sorted out， strategic decoding was carried out and key performance indicators were extracted. The quarterly and annual performance appraisal forms were formulated for the departments of pharmacy warehouse， outpatient pharmacy， ward pharmacy， clinical pharmacy department， prescription examination center， laboratory and other departments； the performance management information platform was built. The work efficiency and output of each department were compared half a year before and after the implementation of the performance management plan. RESULTS After the implementation of the program， the average queuing time for drug collection in the outpatient department was shortened from 5 minutes to 3 minutes， the average number of dispensing infusion bags per hour in the pharmacy intravenous admixture services increased from 50 bags to 60 bags， and antibacterial use density of the hospital decreased from 42.7 DDD（defined daily doses） to 40.2 DDD. The number of academic papers published had increased from 8 to 10， and the satisfaction of clinical departments with ward pharmacies increased from 85% to 95%. CONCLUSIONS The performance management system has been successfully established in pharmacy department of our hospital， which can improve the enthusiasm of pharmacists， reflect the value of pharmaceutical care， and promote the discipline construction of pharmacy.

Screening and bioinformatics analysis of key autophagy-related genes in alcoholic hepatitis / 器官移植

Objective To screen key autophagy-related genes in alcoholic hepatitis (AH) and investigate potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets for AH. Methods Two AH gene chips in Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) and autophagy-related data sets obtained from MSigDB and GeneCards databases were used, and the key genes were verified and obtained by weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA). The screened key genes were subject to gene ontology (GO), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG), protein-protein interaction (PPI) and immune infiltration analyses. Messenger RNA (mRNA)- microRNA (miRNA) network was constructed to analyze the expression differences of key autophagy-related genes during different stages of AH, which were further validated by real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) in the liver tissues of AH patients and mice. Results Eleven autophagy-related genes were screened in AH (EEF1A2, CFTR, SOX4, TREM2, CTHRC1, HSPB8, TUBB3, PRKAA2, RNASE1, MTCL1 and HGF), all of which were up-regulated. In the liver tissues of AH patients and mice, the relative expression levels of SOX4, TREM2, HSPB8 and PRKAA2 in the AH group were higher than those in the control group. Conclusions SOX4, TREM2, HSPB8 and PRKAA2 may be potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets for AH.

History and Clinical Application of Classic Famous Formula Danggui Sinitang / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Danggui Sinitang is first recorded in the Treatise on Cold Damage written by ZHANG Zhongjing in the Han dynasty. It is composed of Angelicae Sinensis Radix， Cinnamomi Ramulus， Paeoniae Radix Alba， Asari Radix et Rhizoma， Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma， Tetrapanacis Medulla， and Jujubae Fructus and serves as a classic formula for treating the syndrome of blood deficiency and cold reversal. This study systematically reviews the records of Danggui Sinitang in ancient Chinese medicine books of various dynasties and the modern clinical applications to probe into the composition， plant species， processing， dosage， decocting method， and indications of Danggui Sinitang， aiming to provide a reference for the development and clinical application of this classic formula. The review of the records showed that there were a variety of records of Danggui Sinitang with different composition， and the composition of this formula listed in the Treatise on Cold Damage has a significant impact on later generations and has been used by medical practitioners throughout history. Although the dosage of some drugs decreased during the Ming and Qing dynasties， the medical practitioners continued to use the original formula. In terms of processing， although there were slight changes in the processing of Angelicae Sinensis Radix， Paeoniae Radix Alba， Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma， and Tetrapanacis Medulla， the original processing method was inherited. In terms of indications， Danggui Sinitang was designed to treat cold reversal due to blood deficiency and dysentery. Furthermore， it was used to treat headache， convulsive disease， infantile convulsion， and private part adduction in the Ming and Qing dynasties. Nowadays， this formula is mostly used to treat diabetes peripheral neuropathy， rheumatoid arthritis， dysmenorrhea， Raynaud's disease and other diseases. In terms of precautions， ancient physicians believed that Danggui Sinitang should not be taken by pregnant women and should only be used for limb chills caused by blood deficiency and cold coagulation. For limb chills caused by other reasons， this formula should not be used indiscriminately. Modern research has not reported any serious adverse reactions related to this formula. Danggui Sinitang has a definite therapeutic effect. In subsequent research and development， quality control standards of Danggui Sinitang should be established while its safety is ensured， and the related preparations should be developed and applied.

The neuroprotective effects of Haikun Shenxi capsule medicated serum on N2a/APP695 cells based on PINKl-Parkin mitophagy pathway / 中国药理学通报

Aim To research the neuroprotective effect of Haikun Shenxi (HKSX) medicated serum on N2a/ App695 cells and the underlying mechanism. Methods HKSX medicated serum was prepared and carbohydrate components in it was analyzed using high performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) . N2a/ App695 cells were intervened with HKSX medicated serum, the cytotoxicity of HKSX medicated serum was measured by MTT; AP[_

Ligustilide delays senescence of auditory cortex in mice by inhibiting ferritinophagy / 中国药理学通报

Aim To investigate the mechanism of ligu aged 2 months of the same strain were used as the constilide (LIG) in delaying the senescence of auditory trol (Ctrl) group. Auditory brainstem response test was cortex and treating central presbycusis. Methods used to detect the auditory threshold of mice before and Forty C57BL/6J mice aged 13 months were randomly di after treatment. Levels of serum MDA and activity of vided into ligustilide low-dose(L-LIG) group, ligustil serum SOD were detected to display the level of oxidative ide medium-dose (M-LIG) group, ligustilide high-dose stress. The pathological changes of auditory cortex were (H-LIG) group and aging (Age) group, and 10 mice observed by HE staining. Ferroptosis was observed by

Analysis of Ancient Literature and Modern Clinical Application of Tuoli Xiaodusan / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Tuoli Xiaodusan is the 65th formula in the Catalogue of Ancient Famous Classical Formulas（First Batch）. In this study， the bibliometric method was used to summarize and verify the ancient books about Tuoli Xiaodusan in terms of its historical origin， composition and dosage of the formula， indications， decoction and administration method， and processing， etc. According to the research， there is no definite date of the formation of Tuoli Xiaodusan， the earliest can be traced back to Lizhai Waike Fahui in Ming dynasty， which has been widely circulated， with many versions of prescription composition， and the modern influential version is from Waike Zhengzong in Ming dynasty， which is made up of 12 Chinese herbs including Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma（3.73 g）， Chuanxiong Rhizoma（3.73 g）， Paeoniae Radix Alba（3.73 g）， Astragali Radix（3.73 g）， Angelicae Sinensis Radix（3.73 g）， Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma（3.73 g）， Poria（3.73 g）， Lonicerae Japonicae Flos（3.73 g）， Angelicae Dahuricae Radix（1.87 g）， Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma（1.87 g）， Gleditsiae Spina（1.87 g）， Platycodonis Radix（1.87 g）. The herb origins almost follow the 2020 edition of Chinese Pharmacopoeia， except that Angelica dahurica var. formosana is only recommended as the origin of Angelicae Dahuricae Radix， and Glycryyhiza uralensis is only recommended as the origin of Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma. All the herbs are recommended to be used in the raw products. As for the preparation method， it is recommended to decoct with water， add 400 mL of water， boil until 160 mL， and take 2-3 times a day. The formula has the functions of nourishing Qi and nourishing blood， detoxifying and draining pus， and was mainly used to treat ulcerative diseases with the syndrome of syndrome of healthy Qi deficiency and pathogenic factors excess in ancient times， and in modern times， it is used for a wide range of treatment， involving the skin and soft tissues， bones， digestion and many other systemic diseases， and is also mainly used for syndrome of healthy Qi deficiency and pathogenic factors excess. In this study， the ancient and modern applications of Tuoli Xiaodusan were summarized， and its key information was identified， providing a basis for its wider clinical application， in-depth research and formulation development.

Mechanism of Rhei Radix et Rhizoma-Coptidis Rhizoma Improving Liver Insulin Resistance in db/db Mice by Regulating AMPK/ULK1/Beclin1 Pathway / 中国实验方剂学杂志

ObjectiveThis study aims to examine the effect of Rhei Radix et Rhizoma-Coptidis Rhizoma on reducing insulin resistance in db/db mice by regulating the adenylate activated protein kinase （AMPK）/UNC-51-like kinase 1 （ULK1）/key molecule of autophagy， benzyl chloride 1 （Beclin1） pathway and elucidate the underlying mechanism. MethodSixty 6-week-old male db/db mice were studied. They were randomly divided into the model group， metformin group （0.26 g·kg-1）， and low-， middle-， and high-dose groups （2.25， 4.5， 9 g·kg-1） of Rhei Radix et Rhizoma-Coptidis Rhizoma. A blank group of db/m mice of the same age was set， with 12 mice in each group. After eight weeks of continuous intragastric administration， the blank group and model group received distilled water intragastrically once a day. The survival status of the mice was observed， and fasting blood glucose （FBG） was measured using a Roche blood glucose device. Fasting serum insulin （FINS） was measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay， and the insulin resistance index （HOMA-IR） was calculated. Hematoxylin-eosin （HE） staining was performed to observe the pathological changes in the liver of the mice. The protein expression levels of AMPK， Beclin1， autophagy associated protein 5 （Atg5）， and p62 in liver tissue were determined by using Western blot. The protein expression levels of autophagy associated protein 1 light chain 3B （LC3B） and ULK1 in liver tissue were determined using immunofluorescence. Real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR （Real-time PCR） was used to measure mRNA expression levels of AMPK， Beclin1， Atg5， ULK1， and p62. ResultCompared with the blank group， the model group exhibited a significant increase in body mass （P<0.01）. Additionally， the levels of FBG， FINS， and HOMA-IR significantly changed （P<0.01）. The structure of liver cells was disordered. The protein expression levels of AMPK， Beclin1， and Atg5 in liver tissue were significantly decreased （P<0.01）， while the expression level of p62 protein was significantly increased （P<0.01）. The expression levels of mRNA and proteins were consistent. Compared with the model group， the body mass of the metformin group and high and medium-dose groups of Rhei Radix et Rhizoma-Coptidis Rhizoma was significantly decreased （P<0.05）. FBG， FINS， and HOMA-IR were significantly decreased （P<0.05，P<0.01）. After treatment， the liver structure damage in each group was alleviated to varying degrees. The protein expressions of AMPK， Beclin1， Atg5， LC3B， and ULK1 were increased （P<0.05，P<0.01）， while the protein expression of p62 was decreased （P<0.01）. The expression levels of mRNA and proteins were generally consistent. ConclusionThe combination of Rhei Radix et Rhizoma-Coptidis Rhizoma can effectively improve liver insulin resistance， regulate the AMPK autophagy signaling pathway， alleviate insulin resistance in db/db mice， and effectively prevent the occurrence and development of type 2 diabetes.

Variability in life expectancy among people with HIV in Brazil by gender and sexual orientation

Abstract Introduction In Brazil, though Antiretroviral Therapy (ART) is available to all, the benefits may not be experienced uniformly. We projected Life Expectancy (LE) for People Living with HIV (PLHIV) in care as currently observed and estimated the impact of guideline-concordant care. Methods Using a microsimulation model, we projected LE for a cohort of PLHIV and for four population groups: cisgender Men who have Sex with Men (MSM), cisgender Men who have Sex with Women (MSW), Cisgender Women (CGW), and Transgender Women (TGW). Cohort data from Evandro Chagas National Institute of Infectious Diseases/Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (INI/Fiocruz) informed model parameters. We modeled five scenarios: 1) Current care: ART initiation, adherence, and retention in care as currently observed, 2) Guideline-concordant care: immediate ART initiation, full adherence to treatment, and consistent retention in care, 3) Immediate ART initiation with observed adherence to treatment and retention in care, 4) Full adherence to treatment with observed timing of ART initiation and retention in care, and 5) Consistent retention in care with observed timing of ART initiation and adherence. Results With current care, LE from age 15 would be 45.9, 44.4, 54.2, and 42.3 years, for MSM, MSW, CGW, and TGW. With guideline-concordant care, LE would be 54.2, 54.4, 63.1, and 53.2 years, for MSM, MSW, CGW and TGW, with TGW experiencing the greatest potential increase in LE (10.9 years). When investigating the components of care separately, MSW and CGW would gain most LE with immediate ART initiation, whereas for MSM and TGW consistent retention in care would be most impactful. Conclusions In settings like INI/Fiocruz, MSW and CGW would benefit most from interventions focused on earlier diagnosis and linkage to care, whereas TGW and MSM would benefit from interventions to sustain engagement in care. Assessment of the HIV care continuum for specific populations should inform care priorities.

Litterfall and nutrient transfer dynamics in a successional gradient of tropical dry forest in Colombia / Dinámica de la hojarasca y transferencia de nutrientes en un gradiente sucesional de bosque seco tropical en Colombia

Introduction: The litterfall production, foliar nutrient dynamics and decomposition are essential to maintain nutrient cycling, soil fertility, and carbon regulation in terrestrial ecosystems. With several studies addressing the variation of these processes, their dynamics in tropical dry forests (TDFs) remain unclear, due to its complex interaction of biotic and abiotic factors. Objective: To evaluate litterfall, nutrient potential return and use efficiency, and decomposition variation in a TDF successional gradient in Tolima, Colombia. Methods: We quantified litterfall from November 2017 to October 2019 in 12 plots distributed in four successional stages: initial, early, intermediate, and late forests. We identified key tree species in foliar litter production and characterized the foliar decomposition of these species. At the community level, we quantified the C, N and P potential return, the N and P use efficiency, and the C:N and N:P ratio. Subsequently, we analyze relationships between vegetation characteristics and some soil chemical properties with these ecological processes. Results: We found that total litterfall in late forests (8.46 Mg ha-1 y-1) was double that found in initial forests (4.45 Mg ha-1 y-1). Decomposition was higher in initial (k = 1.28) compared to intermediate (k = 0.97) and late forests (k = 0.87). The nutrient potential return didn't change along succession, but it did show differences between study sites. The structural development and species richness favored litterfall, while soil chemical conditions influenced nutrient returns and decomposition. Conclusions: TDFs could recover key ecosystem function related to litterfall and nutrient dynamics after disturbances cessation; however, the soil quality is fundamental in return and release of nutrients.

Introducción: La producción de hojarasca, la dinámica de nutrientes foliares y la descomposición son esenciales para mantener el ciclo de nutrientes, la fertilidad del suelo y la regulación del carbono en ecosistemas terrestres. Con diversos estudios que abordan estos procesos, su variación en los bosques secos tropicales (BSTs) permanece incierta, por su compleja interacción de factores bióticos y abióticos. Objetivo: Evaluar la caída de hojarasca, el retorno potencial de nutrientes y eficiencia de uso, y la variación en descomposición en un gradiente sucesional de un BST en Tolima, Colombia. Métodos: Cuantificamos la caída de hojarasca entre noviembre 2017 y octubre 2019 en 12 parcelas distribuidas en cuatro estados sucesionales: bosque inicial, temprano, intermedio y tardío. Identificamos las especies arbóreas clave en la producción de hojarasca y caracterizamos la descomposición foliar de estas especies. A nivel comunitario, cuantificamos el retorno potencial de C, N y P, la eficiencia de uso de N y P y la relación C:N y N:P. Posteriormente, analizamos las relaciones entre las características de la vegetación y algunas propiedades químicas del suelo con estos procesos ecológicos. Resultados: Encontramos que la caída total de hojarasca en los bosques tardíos (8.46 Mg ha-1 año-1) fue el doble de la hallada en bosques iniciales (4.45 Mg ha-1 año-1). La descomposición fue mayor en bosques iniciales (k = 1.28) en comparación con bosques intermedios (k = 0.97) y tardíos (k = 0.87). El retorno potencial de nutrientes no cambió con el avance de la sucesión vegetal, pero exhibió diferencias entre los sitios de estudio. El desarrollo estructural y la riqueza de especies favorecieron la caída de hojarasca, mientras que las condiciones químicas del suelo influyeron en el retorno de nutrientes y descomposición. Conclusiones: Los BSTs tienen la capacidad de recuperar la función ecosistémica de aporte de hojarasca fina, retorno y liberación de nutrientes después del cese de alteraciones antrópicas; sin embargo, la calidad del suelo es fundamental en el retorno y liberación de nutrientes.

Key Prediction Genes of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma:Screening Based on Systematic Bioinformatics and Validation by Cell Experiments / 中国医学科学院学报

Objective To screen out the potential prediction genes for nasopharyngeal carcinoma(NPC)from the gene microarray data of NPC samples and then verify the genes by cell experiments.Methods The NPC dataset was downloaded from Gene Expression Omnibus,and limma package was employed to screen out the differentially expressed genes.Weighted correlation network analysis package was used for weighted gene co-expression network analysis,and Venn diagram was drawn to find the common genes.The gene ontology annotation and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes pathway enrichment were then performed for the common genes.The biomarkers for NPC were further explored by protein-protein interaction network,LASSO regression,and non-parametric tests.Real-time quantitative PCR and Western blotting were employed to determine the mRNA and protein levels of key predictors of NPC,so as to verify the screening results.Results There were 622 up-regulated genes and 351 down-regulated genes in the GSE12452 dataset.A total of 116 common genes were obtained by limma analysis and weighted gene co-expression network analysis.The common genes were mainly involved in the biological processes of cell proliferation and regulation and regulation of intercellular adhesion.They were mainly enriched in Rap1,Ras,and tumor necrosis factor signaling pathways.Six key genes were screened out,encoding angiopoietin-2(ANGPT2),dual oxidase 2(DUOX2),coagulation factor Ⅲ(F3),interleukin-15(IL-15),lipocalin-2,and retinoic acid receptor-related orphan receptor B(RORB).Real-time quantitative PCR and Western blotting showed that the NPC cells had up-regulated mRNA and protein levels of ANGPT2 and IL-15 and down-regulated mRNA and protein levels of DUOX2,F3,and RORB,which was consistent with the results predicted by bioinformatics.Conclusion ANGPT2,DUOX2,F3,IL-15 and RORB are potential predictive molecular markers and therapeutic targets for NPC,which may be involved in Rap1,Ras,tumor necrosis factor and other signaling pathways.

The expression of GSTM5 in prostate cancer and its potential mechanism for the progress of prostate cancer / 西安交通大学学报(医学版)

【Objective】 To explore the differentially expressed genes in normal prostate and prostate cancer (PCa) tissues based on bioinformatics and screen out potential biomarkers for PCa, so as to provide scientific basis for later clinical medicine. 【Methods】 Three gene chip datasets of GSE55945, GSE46602 and GSE69223 were downloaded from GEO database, and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were screened by the OmicStudio tools, and protein-protein interaction network (PPI) of DEGs was constructed by STRING. After Cytoscape was imported, CytoHubba plug-in was used to screen the top 30 genes in MCC score as key genes (Hub gene). DAVID was used for GO and KEGG enrichment analysis of Hub gene, and GraphPad Prism software was used to draw ROC curve. GEPIA database was used to verify the key genes, and survival analysis was further carried out. UALCAN was used to verify the correlation between the expression of key genes and Gleason grade of PCa. 【Results】 Three data sets (GSE55945, GSE46602 and GSE69223) obtained 428, 727 and 1285 differentially expressed genes, respectively. The Venn diagram shows that the three datasets contain 105 DEGs. Among 105 PPI networks corresponding to DEGs, the top 30 genes with MCC score were selected as Hub genes. The biological processes involved mainly include the positive regulation of protein kinase B signal, cell differentiation, positive regulation of transcription, negative regulation of transforming growth factor β receptor signaling pathway, positive regulation of cell migration, etc. The pathways involved are adhesion plaque, estrogen signaling pathway, etc. ROC curve results showed that the diagnostic ability of 9 genes in 3 data sets was statistically significant, and 9 Hub genes were CAV1, KDR, CAV2, TGFBR1, SLC7A11, GSTM2, GSTM3, GSTM5 and MYO6. Nine Hub genes were verified by GEPIA website, among which CAV1, KDR, CAV2, TGFBR1, GSTM2, GSTM3 and GSTM5 showed low expression in PCa, while SLC7A11 and MYO6 showed high expression in PCa. Survival analysis suggested that high GSTM5 expression prolonged OS in PCa patients. UALCAN results showed that the expression of GSTM5 gene was significantly correlated with Gleason grade, and the expression of GSTM5 gene decreased with the increase of Gleason score. 【Conclusion】 Hub genes CAV1, KDR, CAV2, TGFBR1, GSTM2, GSTM3 and GSTM5 are low expression in PCa, while SLC7A11 and MYO6 are high expression in PCa. GSTM5 gene is related to the survival rate of PCa. The expression of GSTM5 decreased with the increase of Gleason score, which indicated that GSTM5 may be a potential biomarker for PCa.

Analyzing the occupational health literacy and its influencing factors among occupational populations in Guizhou Province, 2022 / 中国职业医学

Objective To analyze the awareness of occupational health literacy (OHL) and its influencing factors among occupational population in key industries of Guizhou Province in 2022. Methods A total of 11 153 workers from eight key industries in 88 counties and districts of Guizhou Province was selected as the research subjects in 2022 using a stratified cluster sampling method. The OHL levels were surveyed using the Occupational Health Literacy Questionnaire of National Key Populations. Results The overall OHL level of the research subjects in 2022 was 57.7%. The OHL levels of basic knowledge of occupational health protection, healthy lifestyle and behavior, legal knowledge of occupational health, and basic skills of occupational health protection were 79.6%, 69.7%, 60.0%, and 42.0%, respectively. The overall OHL level of the tertiary industry population was higher than that of the secondary industry (59.8% vs 54.9%, P<0.01). The overall OHL levels of occupational population in the eight key industries from high to low were medical and health, electric heating water supply, environmental health, transportation, non-metallic mineral products, express delivery/take-out,education and coal mining, with the overall OHL level of 82.5%, 64.2%, 64.0%, 55.9%, 52.8%, 48.8%, 46.1% and 44.7%, respectively (P<0.01). The results of logistic regression analysis showed that gender, age, ethnicity, marital status, educational level, personal monthly income, length of employment, and industry category were independent influencing factors of OHL levels (all P<0.05). The OHL level of females was higher than that of males (P<0.01). The older age, higher educational level, and higher personal monthly income were associated with higher OHL levels in workers (all P<0.01). The OHL level of Han population was higher than that of Miao and other ethnic groups (all P<0.01). The OHL level of unmarried population was higher than that of married and widowed/divorced population (all P<0.01). The OHL level of workers with less than 3.0 years of employment was lower than that of workers with 3.0 - < 6.0 and 6.0 - < 10.0 years of employment (all P<0.01). The OHL level of workers in the tertiary industry was higher than that in the secondary industry (P<0.01). Conclusion The OHL level of occupational population in Guizhou Province needs to be further improved. Special attention should be paid to the industry of coal mining and selection, education, express delivery/take-out, and occupational population in ethnic minority areas, low educated, low-income, and newly employed occupational population.

Occupational health literacy level and its influencing factors among key populations in China in 2022 / 中国职业医学

Objective To analyze the level of occupational health literacy (OHL) and its influencing factors among key populations in China. Methods The front-line workers from 31 provinces, autonomous regions, municipalities, and Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps in China were selected as the research subjects using a combination of stratified cluster random sampling and probability proportional sampling. The Occupational Health Literacy Questionnaire of National Key Populations was used to investigate the OHL level. Results In 2022, a total of 340 506 people from 23 industries were surveyed. Among them, 168 455 and 172 051 people were surveyed in the secondary and tertiary industries, respectively. The OHL level of the research subjects was 52.6%. The OHL levels of workers in the secondary and tertiary industries were 56.5% and 48.9%, respectively. The results of multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that gender, age, marital status, educational level, household registration, monthly income, employment nature, years of service and industry category were independent influencing factors for OHL level of the research subjects (all P<0.01). Specifically, females had a higher OHL level than males (P<0.01); the older the age, the higher the education level, the higher the monthly income level, the higher the OHL level (all P<0.01); the level of OHL in unmarried people was higher than that in married people (P<0.01); the OHL level of workers with non-agricultural household registration was higher than that of workers with agricultural household registration (P<0.01); the OHL levels of workers in state-owned enterprises, foreign-funded enterprises and public institutions were higher than those in private enterprises (all P<0.01); the level of OHL in the group with 21.0-43.0 years of service was lower than that in the other years of service groups (all P<0.01); the OHL level of workers in the secondary industry was higher than that in the tertiary industry (P<0.01). Conclusion The workers in the key industries selected by the tertiary industry, the private enterprises in the secondary industry, those with more than 21.0 years of service, and the disadvantaged groups with younger age low income, low education level, and the agricultural household registration are the key groups for the improvement of OHL level in the future. Appropriate intervention methods and strategies should be actively explored to improve the OHL of these key populations.

Epidemiological characteristics of sexually transmitted diseases in Dehong Prefecture， Yunnan Province from 2010 to 2022 / 上海预防医学

ObjectiveTo understand the epidemiological characteristics and trends of sexually transmitted diseases （STDs） in Dehong Prefecture， Yunnan Province from 2010 to 2022， so as to provide a basis for the prevention and control of STDs in Dehong Prefecture. MethodsThe 2010‒2022 epidemic cards of STD cases in Dehong Prefecture were downloaded from the China Disease Control and Prevention Information System， and descriptive analysis of the incidence rate and demographic characteristics by disease type was conducted. The syphilis screening data of various populations in Dehong Prefecture between 2014 and 2022 were obtained from the National STD Control and Management Information System， and the syphilis positivity rates of key populations were calculated. ResultsA total of 18 225 STD cases were reported in Dehong Prefecture from 2010 to 2022， and the reported incidence rate increased from 17.1/105 in 2010 to 172.0/105 in 2022， showing an increasing trend （χ2trend=42.9， P<0.001）. The number of reported cases of gonorrhea， syphilis， condyloma acuminatum， genital chlamydia infection， and genital herpes were 7 801 （42.8%）， 4 563 （25.0%）， 3 462 （18.8%）， 1 660 （9.1%）， and 775 （4.3%）， respectively. The majority of the reported STD cases were males （12 336 cases， 67.7%）， young adults aged 15 to <45 years （15 839 cases， 87.2%）， and farmers （9 230 cases， 50.7%）. The elderly group aged 65 years and over accounted for 10.5% of syphilis cases. Among different types of key populations， the highest syphilis positivity rate was found among men who have sex with men （10.1%）， followed by STD clinic attendees （8.1%）， and the syphilis positivity rates among clandestine prostitutes， voluntary counseling and testing population， drug addicts， and drug rehabilitation center/re-education through labor center population were 2.2%， 1.6%， 1.4%， and 1.3%， respectively. ConclusionFrom 2010 to 2022， the STD epidemic in Dehong Prefecture showed a rapidly increasing trend， with a higher incidence of gonorrhea and syphilis， and a higher syphilis positivity rate among men who have sex with men， drug addicts， clandestine prostitutes， and STD clinic patients. In the future， publicity， education and behavioral interventions for these groups should be strengthened to reduce the prevalence and transmission of STDs.

Bioinformatics analysis and validation of key genes in transformation of idiopathic membranous nephropathy to end-stage renal disease and traditional Chinese medicines for prevention and treatment / 中国中药杂志

This study used bioinformatics analysis to screen out key genes involved in the transformation of idiopathic membranous nephropathy to end-stage renal disease and to predict targeted Chinese herbs and medicines and active ingredients with preventive and curative effects. The GSE108113 microarray of idiopathic membranous nephropathy and GSE37171 microarray of were downloaded from the comprehensive gene expression database, and 8 homozygous differentially expressed genes for the transformation of idiopathic membranous nephropathy into end-stage renal disease of were screened out by R software. GraphPad Prism was used to verify the expression of homozygous differentially expressed genes in GSE115857 microarray of idiopathic membranous nephropathy and GSE66494 microarray of chronic kidney disease, and 7 key genes(FOS, OGT, CLK1, TIA1, TTC14, CHORDC1, and ANKRD36B) were finally obtained. The Gene Ontology(GO) analysis was performed. There were 209 functions of encoded proteins, mainly involved in regulation of RNA splicing, cytoplasmic stress granule, poly(A) binding, etc. Thirteen traditional Chinese medicines with the effect of preventing the transformation of idiopathic membranous nephropathy to end-stage renal disease were screened out from Coremine Medical database, including Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma, Lycopi Herba, and Gardeniae Fructus, which were included in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia(2020 edition). The active ingredient quercetin mined from Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform(TCMSP) had ability to dock with the key gene FOS-encoded protein molecule, which provided targets and research ideas for the development of new traditional Chinese medicines.

Phenylpropanoid pathway in plants and its role in response to heavy metal stress: a review / 生物工程学报

Phenylpropanoid metabolic pathway is one of the most important secondary metabolic pathways in plants. It directly or indirectly plays an antioxidant role in plant resistance to heavy metal stress, and can improve the absorption and stress tolerance of plants to heavy metal ions. In this paper, the core reactions and key enzymes of the phenylpropanoid metabolic pathway were summarized, and the biosynthetic processes of key metabolites such as lignin, flavonoids and proanthocyanidins and relevant mechanisms were analyzed. Based on this, the mechanisms of key products of phenylpropanoid metabolic pathway in response to heavy metal stress were discussed. The perspectives on the involvement of phenylpropanoid metabolism in plant defense against heavy metal stress provides a theoretical basis for improving the phytoremediation efficiency of heavy metal polluted environment.

Historical Evolution and Modern Clinical Application of Classic Formula Wuyaotang / 中国实验方剂学杂志

The classic formula Wuyaotang is the 49th of the 100 formulas in the Catalogue of Ancient Classic Prescriptions (First Batch) issued by the National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, and is from the Secrets from the Orchid Chamber (《兰室秘藏》) by LI Dongyuan of the Jin Dynasty. It is composed of Angelicae Sinensis Radix, Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, Aucklandiae Radix, Linderae Radix, and Cyperi Rhizoma, and has the effect of moving Qi, regulating meridians, and relieving pain. It is mainly indicated for Qi stagnation and blood stasis syndrome. Based on the ancient books on Wuyaotang, this study systematically reviewed the formula source, composition, dosage, preparation, usage, functions, indications, preparation principle, drug processing, modification, etc. of Wuyaotang with the bibliometrics method, explored its historical evolution, and determined the key information. Statistical analysis of its modern literature shows that there are few studies of the original formula of Wuyaotang, and the clinical studies mainly focus on modified Wuyaotang. It has a wide range of treatment scope and can be used for the treatment of dysmenorrhea, delayed menstrual cycle, hypomenorrhea, and menstrual fever, as well as ulcerative colitis, spleen distortion, sciatica, child intestinal spasm, and other internal, surgical, gynecological, and pediatric diseases. The pathogenesis in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is Qi stagnation. Through the analysis and research on ancient books and modern literature recording Wuyaotang, this study is expected to provide a scientific basis for the clinical application, in-depth research, and development of the classic formula Wuyaotang.

Historical Evolution and Modern Clinical Application of Danggui Liuhuangtang / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Danggui Liuhuangtang is the 47th of the 100 famous classical formulas published by the National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine， and is known as the holy medicine for night sweat. By bibliometrics， the authors collected the ancient books on Danggui Liuhuangtang and screened out 269 valid data， involving 156 ancient books of traditional Chinese medicine. The analysis on the historical origin， disease syndromes， pathogenesis， composition， dosage， preparation， usage， and processing of Danggui Liuhuangtang found that this famous classical formula originated from Secret Book of the Orchid Chamber （《兰室秘藏》） written by LI Dongyuan， and is composed of Angelicae Sinensis Radix， Rehmanniae Radix， Rehmanniae Radix Praeparata， Phellodendri Chinensis Cortex， Scutellariae Radix， Coptidis Rhizoma and Astragali Radix. It has the functions of nourishing Yin， reducing fire， consolidating exterior and stopping sweating， and mainly treats night sweat due to Yin deficiency and fire exuberance. In the later generations， disease syndromes are mostly treated based on LI Dongyuan's theory， and have expanded to more than 30 kinds （339 in total）， among which night sweat （208） was the most， accounting for 61.36% of the total disease syndromes， followed by spontaneous sweating （38）， accounting for 11.21%. Additionally， it was found that Danggui Liuhuangtang was widely used in modern clinical practice for various disease syndromes. Among them， endocrine disease （77， 28.21%） was predominant， followed by gynecological disease （48， 17.58%）， and pediatric disease （24， 8.79%）. Although Danggui Liuhuangtang treats many disease syndromes， their pathogenesis was always yin deficiency and fire exuberance. Through the systematic excavation of the ancient books on Danggui Liuhuangtang and the analysis of its modern clinical application， this paper probed into the historical evolution and confirmed the key information of the formula， providing detailed literature basis for the research and development application of famous classical formulas.

Multiresolution discrete optimization registration method of ultrasound and magnetic resonance images based on key points / 生物医学工程学杂志

The registration of preoperative magnetic resonance (MR) images and intraoperative ultrasound (US) images is very important in the planning of brain tumor surgery and during surgery. Considering that the two-modality images have different intensity range and resolution, and the US images are degraded by lots of speckle noises, a self-similarity context (SSC) descriptor based on local neighborhood information was adopted to define the similarity measure. The ultrasound images were considered as the reference, the corners were extracted as the key points using three-dimensional differential operators, and the dense displacement sampling discrete optimization algorithm was adopted for registration. The whole registration process was divided into two stages including the affine registration and the elastic registration. In the affine registration stage, the image was decomposed using multi-resolution scheme, and in the elastic registration stage, the displacement vectors of key points were regularized using the minimum convolution and mean field reasoning strategies. The registration experiment was performed on the preoperative MR images and intraoperative US images of 22 patients. The overall error after affine registration was (1.57 ± 0.30) mm, and the average computation time of each pair of images was only 1.36 s; while the overall error after elastic registration was further reduced to (1.40 ± 0.28) mm, and the average registration time was 1.53 s. The experimental results show that the proposed method has prominent registration accuracy and high computational efficiency.

Advances in abscisic acid biosynthesis / 生物工程学报

Abscisic acid, a plant hormone that inhibits growth, is a key factor in balancing plant endogenous hormones and regulating growth and metabolism. Abscisic acid can improve the drought resistance and salt tolerance of crops, reduce fruit browning, reduce the incidence rate of malaria and stimulate insulin secretion, so it has a broad application potential in agriculture and medicine. Compared with traditional plant extraction and chemical synthesis, abscisic acid synthesis by microorganisms is an economic and sustainable route. At present, a lot of progress has been made in the synthesis of abscisic acid by natural microorganisms such as Botrytis cinerea and Cercospora rosea, while the research on the synthesis of abscisic acid by engineered microorganisms is rarely reported. Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Yarrowia lipolytica and Escherichia coli are common hosts for heterologous synthesis of natural products due to their advantages of clear genetic background, easy operation and friendliness for industrial production. Therefore, the heterologous synthesis of abscisic acid by microorganisms is a more promising production method. The author reviews the research on the heterologous synthesis of abscisic acid by microorganisms from five aspects: selection of chassis cells, screening and expression enhancement of key enzymes, regulation of cofactors, enhancement of precursor supply and promotion of abscisic acid efflux. Finally, the future development direction of this field is prospected.