Diagnóstico del proceso de formación técnica en la lucha olímpica / Diagnóstico do processo de treinamento técnico na luta livre olímpica / Diagnosis of the technical training process in Olympic wrestling

RESUMEN Introducción: Los organismos internacionales y nacionales exigen un proceso de formación que facilite el acceso a los conocimientos técnicos, desde los métodos modernos de enseñanza, que sea inclusivo, equitativo y de calidad. Objetivo: En atención a ello, la investigación se orientó a diagnosticar el estado actual del proceso de formación técnica de las luchas olímpicas. Materiales y métodos: Con este propósito, se realizó un estudio longitudinal desde el año 2012 hasta 2021, seleccionándose como muestra a 18 directivos, 59 luchadores y 24 entrenadores. Se utilizaron dos teléfonos móviles para grabar y obtener las imágenes de los combates, desde donde se realizaron las observaciones de la técnica. Los métodos utilizados fueron el dialéctico-materialista, así como los de orden teórico y empíricos, se destacan la revisión de documentos, la entrevista, la encuesta y la observación, mientras como herramienta de constatación la triangulación metodológica, fundamental en el proceso de descripción del objeto de estudio. Resultados: Los procedimientos aplicados determinaron la existencia de dificultades en la dirección pedagógico-deportiva, el sistema de contenidos científico-técnicos y el análisis de factores claves de la técnica, en especial, con manejo del modelo acción (librería de video), el video-análisis (parámetros de ejecución), el factor común (selección de casos exitosos y no exitosos) y los documentos de trabajo (fichas técnicas y listado cotejo). Conclusiones: Finalmente, se declaran las pautas de un modelo didáctico para la formación de la técnica, con base en una elaboración sistémica de los contenidos científico técnicos y el análisis de factores claves, considerando las tecnologías de la información y las comunicaciones (Tic).

SÍNTESE Introdução: Organismos internacionais e nacionais exigem um processo de treinamento que facilite o acesso ao conhecimento técnico, a partir de métodos modernos de ensino, que seja inclusivo, equitativo e de qualidade. Objetivo: Em vista disto, a pesquisa teve como objetivo diagnosticar o estado atual do processo de treinamento técnico na luta livre olímpica. Materiais e métodos: Para este fim, foi realizado um estudo longitudinal de 2012 a 2021, selecionando 18 gerentes, 59 lutadores e 24 treinadores como amostra. Dois telefones celulares foram usados para gravar e obter as imagens dos surtos, de onde foram feitas as observações da técnica. Os métodos utilizados foram dialético-materialista, bem como métodos teóricos e empíricos, incluindo revisão de documentos, entrevista, levantamento e observação, enquanto que a triangulação metodológica foi utilizada como ferramenta de verificação, fundamental no processo de descrição do objeto de estudo. Resultados: Os procedimentos aplicados determinaram a existência de dificuldades na direção pedagógico-desportiva, o sistema de conteúdo técnico-científico e a análise de fatores-chave da técnica, em particular, com o manuseio do modelo de ação (videoteca), a vídeo-análise (parâmetros de execução), o fator comum (seleção de casos de sucesso e insucesso) e os documentos de trabalho (fichas técnicas e lista de verificação). Conclusões: Finalmente, são apresentadas as diretrizes de um modelo didático de treinamento técnico, baseado em uma elaboração sistêmica dos conteúdos técnico-científicos e na análise de fatores-chave, considerando as tecnologias de informação e comunicação (TIC).

ABSTRACT Introduction: International and national organizations demand a training process that facilitates access to technical knowledge, from modern teaching methods, that is inclusive, equitable and of quality. Objective: In response to this, the research was aimed at diagnosing the current state of the technical training process of Olympic wrestling. Materials and methods: For this purpose, a longitudinal study was carried out from 2012 to 2021, selecting 18 managers, 59 wrestlers and 24 coaches as a sample. Two mobile phones were used to record and obtain the images of the combats, from where the observations of the technique were made. The methods used were the dialectical-materialist, as well as those of a theoretical and empirical nature, highlighting the review of documents, the interview, the survey and the observation, while as a verification tool the methodological triangulation, fundamental in the process of describing the object of study. Results: The applied procedures determined the existence of difficulties in the pedagogical-sports direction, the scientific-technical content system and the analysis of key factors of the technique, especially, with handling of the action model (video library), the video -analysis (execution parameters), the common factor (selection of successful and unsuccessful cases) and working documents (technical sheets and comparison list). Conclusions: Finally, the guidelines of a didactic model for the trainig of the technique are declared, based on a systemic elaboration of the scientific-technical contents and the analysis of key factors, considering the information and communication technologies (ICT).

Analysis of key factors affecting fair competition in the process of government procurement in public hospitals / 中华医院管理杂志

Objective:To study the current process and steps of government procurement in China, analyze the key factors affecting fair competition in the process of government procurement in public hospitals, and put forward feasible operational suggestions to promote fair competition in government procurement.Methods:Delphi method was used to construct the index system of the key factors affecting fair competition during the process of government procurement of public hospitals. The weight of the index system was determined by the analytic hierarchy process, and the key factors were quantitatively analyzed.Results:The index system affecting fair competition in the process of government procurement of public hospitals included 1 first-level index, 8 second-level indexes and 21 third-level indexes. Through calculation and analysis, it was concluded that the key factors affecting fair competition were feasibility study, market research, contract performance acceptance, procurement demand confirmation and project approval, with their comprehensive weights of 0.228 5, 0.144 0, 0.085 9, 0.072 9 and 0.060 4, respectively.Conclusions:We should properly expand the scope of feasibility study, fully carry out market research, reasonably set government procurement demand parameters, and strengthen contract performance acceptance and payment management, so as to promote the fair competition of government procurement in public hospitals.

Key issues in establishing regional severe trauma treatment system / 中华创伤杂志

Trauma is an important cause of death wordlwide,and severe trauma emergency treatment is a wordtwide problem.At present,there is still a big gap in the severe trauma emergency system between China and the international community.The author draws on the concept of severe trauma emergency treatment abroad and combines the experiences in regional emergency system establishment in China,trying to establish a regional severe trauma emergency system in Beijing,which is geared to the iuternational standards.Key issues including the pre-hospital first aid coordination,multidisciplinary trauma team,standardized first aid process,unified management,continuous improvement of medical quality are discussed.

SIMPP analysis on learning purpose of students on health assessment curriculum / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Learning objective clarity is very important for college students' classroom learning . Health assessment course as one of the compulsory course of nursing teaching, is the basis of nursing students' learn nursing profession, therefore to explore the related factors of health assessment course learning objec-tives has its practical significance. Under the guidance of the concept of the reform of the teaching system, the SIMPP analysis of the students learning objective in the college nursing students in health assessment course has been carried out. Results show that among college nursing students, three kinds of students' learning goals are very clear, four kinds of students' learning goals are clear, and two kinds of students' learning goals are unclear. The related factors influencing the nursing students' learning goal mainly are the student personal subjective factors. Teachers should pay attention to the observation of the students' study status in health assessment course, understand the student individual situation, control the clear degree of learning goals among students and do the ideological work of students at the beginning of the course to im-prove the students' clear degree of learning goals.

Application of key factors in nursing quality management in hospital / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective To explore the role of the key factors in nursing quality control. Methods The content was constructed from four aspects, that is, the standard of care measures, well-functioning nursing quality control system, timely feedback and training mechanism, continuous quality improvement measures. Results The nursing quality standard system was established, the quality of care and patient satisfaction with nursing work were both improved. Conclusions The application of the key factors is the basic guarantee for effective management of nursing quality, which provides high quality nursing service for patients in hospital.

Research development of lipid microsphere delivery system / 药学实践杂志

Lipid microsphere drug delivery system is a hot issue in pharmceutics studies .In this paper , the mechanism , prep-aration method and the key influence factors of lipid microsphere drug delivery system were reviewed respectively .Some new discovery and development were introduced in order to enhance the development and application of lipid microsphere drug delivery system as a drug delivery tool .

Frecuencia de la cesárea: factores resaltantes relacionados con su incremento / Caesarean frequency: highlighted factors related with its increase

En las décadas de 1960-1970, la frecuencia de la cesárea tenía una variación entre 4% y 10%. Actualmente en algunos hospitales privados, a nivel internacional, alcanza hasta casi el 100%. Venezuela también ha tenido un gran incremento de la frecuencia de la cesárea y, en hospitales privados de Caracas, tiene una variación del 60% a 90%. La presente actualización tiene el interés e importancia de analizar los factores resaltantes que se relacionan entre si e influencian el aumento de la cesárea por solicitud. Esta es la que se realiza a pedido de la paciente sin tener indicaciones médicas, ni obstetricas y sin haber iniciado el trabajo de parto. Los factores resaltantes son los siguientes: 1) los cambios sociales, culturales y económicos y la evolución de la mujer hacia logros personales; 2) el desarrollo y expansión de las telecomunicaciones; 3) la vigencia de la autonomía y la libertad que progresivamente han adquirido las pacientes; 4) la actitud y la adaptación del médico para ejercer su profesión ante los cambios que se señalan; 5) los progresos tecnológicos alcanzados en el área quirúrgica y la medicina en general; 6) las leyes que protegen a la mujer, al embarazo y al parto; 7) la relación entre el embarazo y el parto con el aparato urinario, genitales y el ano; 8) la influencia de las compañias de seguros médicos; 9) los cambios en la enseñanza de la medicina y 10) el sexo del médico. Exceptuando la indicación de cesárea por cesárea anterior, las otras causas no han contribuido a un incremento significativo. Se realiza un análisis de los beneficios y de los riesgos de la cesárea por solicitud y se comparan con los del parto vaginal. Se concluye que se necesitan más evidencias para dar soporte científico al alto número de cesárea que se efectuan. En general, las diferentes conductas que se han puesto en práctica para disminuir la frecuencia de la cesárea, no han dado los resultados esperados

In the 1960s and 70s, performance of cesarean section varied between 4% and 10% of all deliveries. Currently, in some private hospitals around the world, use of the procedure has almost rearched 100% of cases. Venezuela has also seen a great increase in frequency of caserean sections, such that, in private hospitals in Caracas, its prevalence ranges from 60% to 90%. The current report has the objetive of assessing the major interrelated factors responsible for the rising frequency of cesarean section performed because of patient request. Specifically, the present work focuses on cesarean sections that lack medical or obstetrical indications and are implemented solety in response to patient request prior to the onset of labor. The principal responsible factors are as follows: 1) social, cultural and economic changes, and women's increasing focus on personal achievement; 2) advances in, and greater reach of, telecommunication: 3) progressive increase in patient freedom and autonomy in decision making; 4) changing physician attitudes in the face of the aforementioned changes; 5) scientific and technological progress achieved in the fields of surgery and medicine; 6) laws enacted to protect women, especially in relation to pregnancy, and labor and delivery; 7) relationship of pregnancy, and labor and delivery, with the urogenital system and anus; 8) influence of medical insurance companies; 9) evolution of medical education; and 10) physician gender. Excepting procedures performed because of a history of prior cesarean section, other factors have not led to a significant increase in cesarean frequency. In addition, an analysis is performed concerning the risks and benefits of cesarean by patients request, as compared with those of vaginal delivery. We conclude that additional evidence is required to provide scientific justification for the large number of cesareans currently being performed. In general, the different approaches that have been put into practice...

Evaluation method about the learning effect of web-based PBL with key factors simulation / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Objective This paper aims to use components as the key factors to explore the feasibility of evaluation method about the learning effect of Web-based PBL.Methods We distributed a questionnaire to 101 students of clinical class of 2007 and 2008 grade in Guangzhou Medical University,and electronically distributed after 2 weeks.Cranach's α coefficient WaS used to evaluate intrinsic consistency reliability of the questionnaire.We applied principal axis factoring to extract components and to explain components which were orthogonally rotated by varimax.Multi-factor regression model Was simulated with key factors and the model's performance of fitting WaS tested.Results Multi-factor regression mode(WPBLSUM)=0.545 Collective collaboration capabilities+0.202 Self-learning and quest skills+0.137 linical reasoning and problem-solving capabilities+0.116 memorizing and understanding of medical knowledge.The coefficient of determination R2Was 0.998 and the corrected coefficient of determination R2Was 0.998.indicating that the model's fit results are obvious.Conclusion This paper demonstrates that using components as the key factors to simulate and assessing the Web-based PBL learning effect is feasible,which assesses the Web-based PBL learning effect well from four different aspects.

Proceso organizacional del departamento de Medicina General Integra / Organizational process of the Department of Comprehensive General Medicine

Se realizó un estudio descriptivo para analizar el desarrollo organizativo del Departamento de Medicina General Integral de la Facultad de Ciencias Médicas "Mariana Grajales Coello", de Holguín, desde su constitución a inicios del curso académico 1988-1989 hasta la culminación del curso académico 2000-2001. Se definieron las variables y factores clave de éxito que integraron las 2 matrices construidas como instrumento de evaluación. Los resultados obtenidos en ambas matrices muestran que el proceso organizacional en el departamento se fortaleció al alcanzar para los factores de carácter externo un resultado total ponderado de 2,5 en el curso académico 2000-2001, superior al 2,1 del curso 1988-1989, y de 3,5 y 1,45, respectivamente para los factores de carácter interno, lo que indica un fortalecimiento general del proceso. Particularmente se transforman de manera favorable aquellos factores susceptibles de intervenciones administrativas. Se identificaron además, las áreas en que deben intensificarse o modificarse las estrategias en curso.

A descriptive study was conducted to analyze the organizational development of the Department of Comprehensive General Medicine of "Mariana Grajales Coello" Medical Faculty, in Holguín since it was founded at the beginning of the academic course 1988-2001. The variables and key factors for success that integrated the 2 matrixes created as evaluation tools were defined. The results obtained in both matrixes showed that the organizational process in the department was strenghthened on obtaining a total weighted result for the factors of external character of 2.5 in the academic course 2000-2001, which was higher than the achieved in the course 1988-1989 (2-1), whereas 3.5 and 1.45 were attained, respectively, for the factors of internal character, which proved that there was a general strenghthening of the process. Those factors susceptible to managerial interventions were particularly transformed in a favorable way. The areas where the strategies under way should be intensified or modified were also identified.

Key Factors in English Curriculum Implementation / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Because of the English courses'complexity itself,the implementation of English curriculum should deal with many factors,such as testing or assessing,teachers'role and ability,students'aptitudes towards language learning and their learning strategies,textbook,curriculum management,classroom climate,cultural conflicts,support from family and society,etc.Therefore,it is a must to give full consideration about those key factors,which will ensure curriculum against failure in terms of implementation.

Thoughts on the Key Factors Influencing Drug Management Benefit in China / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE:To provide references for setting up drug management institutions and formulating drug management policy.METHODS:Based on the objective of drug management,applying the systematic thinking and method as well as the logical reasoning approach to infer the key factors influencing drug management benefit in China.RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS:The key factors influencing drug management benefit include the mission and objective of drug management,the core and authority agency of drug management,R&D of new drugs,the pharmaceutical industry's barriers to entry and exit,and the drug price.These factors and elements included in the objective of drug management are closely interrelated and interacted.