Clinical characteristics and prognostic factors of patients with Klebsiella pneumoniae bloodstream infection / 中华全科医师杂志

Objective:To analyze the clinical characteristics, antibiotic resistance and prognostic risk factors of patients with Klebsiella pneumoniae bloodstream infection (Kp BSI).Methods:The clinical data of 188 patients diagnosed with Kp BSI from January 1，2017 to December 1，2021 in Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University were retrospectively analyzed.There were 118 patients males (62.8%) with a median age 77.0(63.0, 85.0) years old. The median length of hospital stay was 20.0 days, and 78 patients (41.5%) were admitted to intensive care unit(ICU). There were 121 cases with carbapenem-sensitive Klebsiella pneumoniae (64.4%, CSKP group) and 67 cases with carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (35.6%, CRKP group).Fifty six patients died within 28 days after admission (death group), and 132 patients survived (survival group).The clinical characteristics and bacterial drug resistance of Kp BSI patients were analyzed, and univariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression analysis were used to explore factors related to the CRKP infection and patient mortality.Results:The most common infection sites were respiratory system, abdominal cavity and biliary tract accounting for 39.4% (74/188), 18.1% (34/188) and 14.4% (27/188), respectively.The common comorbidities were coronary heart disease, hypertension, chronic kidney disease and diabetes, accounting for 63.8% (120/188), 59.6% (112/188), 46.3% (87/188) and 43.1% (81/188), respectively and 118 patients (62.8%) had 3 or more comorbidities. Most patients (146 cases, 77.7%) underwent ≥1 invasive procedures before bloodstream infection;and 90 patients (47.9%) had a history of antibiotic use. CRKP strains showed higher resistance rates to piperacillin, quinolones, cephalosporins and carbapenems. Univariate analysis showed that there were statistically significant differences in age (69.0 vs. 83.0 years), ICU admission 25.6%(31/121) vs. 70.1%(47/67)], invasive procedures [67.8%(82/121) vs. 95.5 %(64/67)], and antibiotic use [37.2% (45/121) vs. 67.2%(45/67)] between the CSKP group and the CRKP group ( Z=-5.73, χ 2=35.22, χ 2=19.15, χ 2=15.53, all P<0.001). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that age, ICU admission, invasive procedures and antibiotic use in recent 30 days were independent risk factors for CRKP infection( OR=1.06, P<0.001; OR=3.22, P=0.003; OR=5.93, P=0.009; OR=2.40, P=0.022). The total fatality rate was 29.8%(56/188). Univariate analysis showed that there were statistically significant differences in CRKP infection [19.7%(26/132) vs. 73.2% (41/56)], albumin level (32.6 vs. 27.8 g/L) and sequential organ failure assessment score (SOFA score, 2 vs. 8 score) between the survival group and the death group (χ 2=49.10, Z=-4.64, Z=-10.36,all P<0.001). Multivariate logistic regression analysis suggested that CRKP infection, low albumin and high SOFA score on the day of bloodstream infection were risk factors for death of Kp BSI patients( OR=5.13, P=0.021; OR=0.86, P=0.044; OR=3.04, P<0.001). Conclusion:Kp BSI patients have a high fatality rate and fairly severe drug resistance. CRKP infection, low albumin, high SOFA score on the day of bloodstream infection are associated with poor prognosis in Kp BSI patients.

Infecção de loja de cardioversor-desfibrilador implantável (CDI) por klebsiella sp. Carbapenem-resistente / Klebsiella sp. carbapenem-resistant pocket infection of an Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator (ICD)

RESUMO: As infecções associadas aos Dispositivos Cardíacos Eletrônicos Implantáveis (DCEI) apresentam uma incidência de até 3,4% e notável impacto na morbidade e mortalidade dos pacientes. As bactérias Gram-positivas, especialmente do gênero Staphylococcus sp. representam 60-70% dos agentes isolados. Por sua vez, as Gram-negativas correspondem até 9% dos casos. Relatamos uma infecção de loja de gerador de Cardioversor-desfibrilador implantável (CDI) por uma Klebsiella sp. resistente aos carbapenêmicos, em um paciente masculino jovem, cujo desafiador diagnóstico de certeza desse caso somente foi possível após exploração cirúrgica e cultura do material da loja do CDI, haja vista a apresentação clínica oligossintomática. Embora já descritas, Klebsiella sp. são raras nesse contexto e em nosso conhecimento, esse é o primeiro relato de uma infecção de DCEI por uma enterobactéria resistente a carbapenêmico. (AU)

ABSTRACT: Infections associated with Implantable Electronic Cardiac Devices (IECD) have an incidence of up to 3.4% and a notable impact on patient morbidity and mortality. Gram-positive bacteria, especially Staphylococcus sp. represent 60-70% of isolated agents. In turn, gram-negatives account for up to 9% of cases. We report an Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator (ICD) generator pocket infection by a Carbapenem Resistant Klebsiella sp., in a young male patient, whose challenging diagnosis of certainty was only possible after surgical exploration and culture of the material from the ICD pocket, given the oligosymptomatic clinical presentation. Although already described, Klebsiella sp. are rare in this context and to our knowledge, this is the first report of an IECD infection by a carbapenem-resistant enterobacterium. (AU)

Factores relacionados con el control yeliminación de un brote de Klebsiella Pneumoniae productora de Carbapenemasas en la Unidad de Neonatología del Hospital Metropolitano de Quito / Factors related to the control and elimination of an outbreak of Carbapenemase-producing Klebsiella Pneumoniae in the Neonatology Unit of the Hospital Metropolitano de Quito

Introducción: Las infecciones nosocomiales ocasionan un costo para el sistema de salud. En este estudio se reporta los datos observacionales de un brote de Klebsiella Pneumoniae en una Unidad de neonatología, y sus medidas posteriores a la identificación. Métodos: Con un diseño descriptivo observacional, ambispectivo se estudiaron casos de infecciones nosocomiales. Se realizaron medidas de barrera estrictas con listas de chequeo y uso de cámaras de vigilancia en una Unidad de Neonatología. Se reportan las observaciones del estudio. Se utiliza estadística descriptiva. Resultados: 6 casos fueron diagnosticados con Klebsiella Pneumoniae, todos fueron pacientes recién nacidos prematuros, tres de ellos extremos. Cuatro pacientes con sepsis temprana. Las muestras de cultivos fueron 3 Hemocultivos, 2 Urocultivos y 1 cultivo de secreción faríngea. Junto con el cultivo de Klebsiella pneumoniae, se identificaron otros patógenos. La coinfección de Klebsiella con S. aureus fue la que se mantuvo más días en aislamiento, en relación al aislamiento de Klebsiella sola. De todos los cultivos, 2 fueron positivos para Klebsiella pneumoniae productora de BLEE, y cuatro para Klebsiella pneumoniae multisensible. Luego de la intervención no se presentaron nuevo casos con un seguimiento de 12 meses posteriores al brote. Conclusiones: Luego del brote de 6 casos de Klebsiella Pneumoniae en la unidad de Neonatología se establecieron medidas estrictas de bioseguridad, las mismas que fueron cumplidas con el registro en listas de chequeo y monitorizadas por cámaras de seguridad. Se logró la eliminación de infecciones nosocomiales en un período de control posterior a 12 meses luego de la implementación

Introduction: Nosocomial infections cause a cost for the health system. This study reports the observational data of an outbreak of Klebsiella Pneumoniae in a neonatology unit, and its measures after identification. Methods: With a descriptive, observational, ambispective design, nosocomial infections were studied. Strict barrier measures were carried out with checklists and the use of surveillance cameras in a Neonatology Unit. Study observations are reported. Descriptive statistics are used. Results: 6 cases were diagnosed with Klebsiella Pneumoniae, all were premature newborn patients, three of them extreme. Four patients with early sepsis. The culture samples were 3 blood cultures, 2 urine cultures and 1 culture of pharyngeal secretion. Along with the Klebsiella pneumoniae culture, other pathogens were identified. Klebsiella co-infection with S. aureus was the one that remained in isolation for more days, in relation to Klebsiella isolation alone. Of all the cultures, 2 were positive for ESBL-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae, and four for multisensitive Klebsiella pneumoniae. After the intervention, no new cases were presented with a follow-up of 12 months after the outbreak. Conclusions: After the outbreak of 6 cases of Klebsiella Pneumoniae in the Neonatology unit, strict biosafety measures were established, which were complied with with the registration in checklists and monitored by security cameras. Elimination of nosocomial infections was achieved in a control period after 12 months after implementation

Características clínicas y microbiológicas de infecciones por Klebsiella pneumoniae productora de carbapenemasa MBL, tipo NDM, Hospital Geriátrico San Isidro Labrador EsSalud, 2018 / Clinical and microbiological characteristics of New Delhi MBL (NDM)-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae infections at the Hospital Geriátrico San Isidro Labrador EsSalud, 2018

RESUMEN Objetivo Determinar las características clínico-microbiológicas de 7 casos de infección nosocomial por Klebsiella pneumoniae productora de carbapenemasa MBL, tipo NDM, en el Hospital Geriátrico San Isidro Labrador (HG SIL) en el periodo de febrero a mayo de 2018. Materiales y métodos Es un estudio descriptivo y retrospectivo realizado en adultos mayores con infecciones urinarias, neumonías, úlceras sacras e infecciones de herida operatoria que recibieron terapia antibiótica múltiple no protocolizada. El método usado para detectar la MBL fue el de doble disco con ácido fenilborónico (APB) y ácido etilendiaminotetraacético (EDTA) en los aislados de Klebsiella pneumoniae con sensibilidad disminuida a carbapenémicos. La identificación del gen NDM se realizó en el Instituto Nacional de Salud mediante reacción en cadena de la polimerasa. Resultados En total, fueron 7 casos positivos para el gen NDM y todos resistentes al meropenem lo que confirmó el brote epidémico. La mortalidad fue 28,6 % (2 de 7 pacientes) pero, debido a la existencia de comorbilidades en todos los casos, no se pudo determinar la mortalidad atribuible. Conclusiones Destacan el rol clave inicial del laboratorio para detectar y tipificar las carbapenemasas y las medidas de control integral de las infecciones. Además, son los primeros casos reportados en nuestra red asistencial.

ABSTRACT Objective To determine the clinical and microbiological characteristics of seven (7) cases of New Delhi MBL (NDM)- producing Klebsiella pneumoniae nosocomial infections at the Hospital Geriátrico San Isidro Labrador (HG SIL) from February to May 2018. Materials and methods A descriptive and retrospective study conducted in elderly people with urinary infections, pneumonia, sacral ulcers and surgical wound infection who received multiple non-protocolized antibiotic therapy. The methods used to detect MBLs in the Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates that showed decreased sensitivity to carbapenems were the phenylboronic acid-based (PBA) and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid-based (EDTA) double disk tests. The identification of the NDM gene was performed by polymerase chain reaction at the Instituto Nacional de Salud. Results In total, the seven cases were positive for the NDM gene and resistant to meropenem, which confirmed the epidemic outbreak. Mortality accounted for 28.6 % (2 of 7 patients) of the cases. However, due to the presence of comorbidities in all cases, the attributable mortality could not be determined. Conclusions Labs have a key initial role for detecting and classifying the carbapenemases and the measures of comprehensive control of infections. The aforementioned cases are the first ones reported in our healthcare network.

Treatment experience of intracranial infection after severe traumatic brain injury caused by multi drug-resistant Klebsiella pneumonia:a case report / 天津医药

Intracranial infection is a common and serious complication of acute severe traumatic brain injury, with high mortality and disability rates, which significantly affects the prognosis. In recent years, with the widespread use of antibiotics, antibiotic-resistance rates of pathogens have risen year by year, and the choice of sensitive antibiotics is less and less, sometimes even in difficulties of no drugs available. This paper reviewed the treatment process of 1 case with intracranial infection caused by multi drug-resistant Klebsiella pneumonia after severe traumatic brain injury . The aim is to summarize the clinical experience.

Úlcera genital por Klebsiella granulomatis (Donovanosis) en una pareja heterosexual / Genital ulcer due to Klebsiella granulomatis (Donovanosis) in a heterosexual couple

ANTECEDENTES: La Donovanosis o granuloma inguinal, es una enfermedad infecciosa, inflamatoria crónica, usualmente ulcerativa, preferentemente de localización ano-genital, trasmitida sexualmente y causada por la bacteria Klebsiella granulomatis. Se caracteriza por la presencia de los cuerpos de Donovan, en la microscopía de la secreción de las úlceras. El objetivo es presentar un caso de donovanosis en una pareja heterosexual, que consultaron por la presencia simultánea de lesiones en la vulva y en el pene. CASO CLÍNICO: pareja conformada por una mujer de 21 años de edad y su pareja masculina de 24 años, de elevado nivel socioeconómico, que observaron simultáneamente la aparición de una lesión indolora, ulcerada, de bordes elevados y fondo limpio, tanto en el labio mayor de la vulva como en el cuerpo del pene. Negaron la práctica de coito anal o promiscuidad. Se sospechó Donovanosis, por lo cual se realizó extendido citológico de la secreción de la lesión y se encontraron con la tinción de Giemsa, los cuerpos de Donovan en la lesión de la mujer. La muestra tomada al varón fue insuficiente para el estudio. Se realizó manejo de la pareja con doxiciclina. El varón tuvo completa mejoría, pero la mujer por presentar recidiva se le agregó azitromicina. A los cuatro meses del diagnóstico, ambos estaban asintomáticos y con una pequeña área de cicatriz. CONCLUSIÓN: La donovanosis es un cuadro infeccioso que amerita diagnóstico y adecuado tratamiento, ya que tiene potenciales complicaciones genitales e incluso extragenitales, que son consideradas secundarias y pueden llevar a graves afectaciones para la salud.

BACKGROUND: The Donovanosis or granuloma inguinale is an infectious, chronic inflammatory and usually ulcerative disease, preferentially of anogenital location, that is sexually transmitted and caused by the bacteria Klebsiella granulomatis. It is characterized by the presence of the Donovan bodies in the microscopy of the secretion of the ulcers. The objective is to present a case of Donovanosis in a heterosexual couple, who consulted by the simultaneous presence of an injury in the vulva and penis. CASE RECORD: Couple of a 21 year-old woman and a 24 year-old man of high socioeconomic level that observed simultaneously the apparition of a painless and ulcerated injury of elevated edge and clear base, as much in the labia majora of the vulva as in the body of the penis. They denied the practice of anal coitus or promiscuity. The Donovanosis was suspected and the cytological study of the secretion of the injury was carried out. The Donovan bodies were found in the injury of the woman with the Giemsa stain. The sample of the man was insufficient for the study. The treatment of the couple was done with Doxycycline. The man had complete improvement but the woman presented recurrence for what Azithromycin was added to the treatment. To the four months of the diagnosis, both of them were asymptomatic and they had a small area of scar. CONCLUSION: The Donovanosis is an infectious disease that merits diagnosis and appropriate treatment due to it has potential genital and extragenital complications that are considered side effect and could carry to severe alterations for the health.

Antimicrobial resistant mechanisms of carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumonia infection in newborns / 中华检验医学杂志

Objective To investigate the antimicrobial resistant and transmission mechanisms of carbapenem-resistant K.pneumonia (CR-KP) infection of newborns.Methods A retrospective study was conducted on totally 37 non-repetitive CR-KP which were isolated from patients hospitalized between April 2011 and October 2013.Resistance genes were identified by PCR and sequencing.Plasmid was analyzed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE).Conjugation experiments were performed to determine the transferability of beta-lactamase.Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) was used to determine the genotypes and homology of these isolates.Out-membrane proteins were examined by PCR and sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE).Results Thirty-seven CR-KP isolates were tested.The resistant rates of imipenem, meropenem, ertapenem were 89.2％ (33/37), 83.8％ (31/37) ,97.3％ (36/ 37), respectively.All the 37 CR-KP exhibited 100％ (37/37) sensitivity to tigecycline, colistin, levofloxacin and amikacin, while resistance to most of the other antibiotics.By PCR, 67.6％ (25/37) isolates were blaNDM-1 positive, 35.1％ (13/37) isolates were blaIMP-4 positive and 2.7％ (1/37) isolate were blaIMP-8 positive, including two isolates carrying both blaNDM-1 and blaIMP-4.PFGE results showed that the isolates carried 2-4 plasmids and both blaNDM-1 and blaIMP-4 were transferable by plasmids.MLST assigned them to sequence type (ST) 20, ST17, ST54, ST705, ST290,which showed that there were infectious outbreaks caused by NDM-1-producing and IMP-4-producing respectively among newborns.SDS-PAGE result indicated that there was no absence of outer membrane proteins OmpK35 and OmpK36.Conclusions The main resistant mechanisms of CR-KP causing infection in newborns were those the isolates carried carbapenemase of blaNDM-1 or blaIMP-4 and the K.pneumonia with two kinds of carbapemenase were detected.

Perfil dos pacientes colonizados por enterobactérias produtoras de KPC em hospital terciário de Porto Alegre, Brasil / Characteristics of patients colonized by KPC-producing enterobacteriaceae in a tertiary hospital from Porto Alegre, Brazil

Enterobactérias produtoras de carbapenemase do tipo Klebsiella pneumoniae (KPC) são cada vez mais identificadas em pacientes hospitalizados, porém pouco se conhece sobre o perfil e o prognóstico dos pacientes colonizados por elas. Este estudo objetiva avaliar o perfil epidemiológico e a mortalidade total intra-hospitalar dos pacientes colonizados por KPC em um centro de referência. Métodos: Estudo de coorte retrospectivo em adultos colonizados por KPC em internação clínica de novembro/2012 a março/2013 no Hospital Nossa Senhora da Conceição, Porto Alegre (RS). Foram definidos como colonizados pacientes com exame de rastreio (swab) positivo para bactérias produtoras de KPC durante a internação. Resultados: Foram incluídos 75 pacientes, sendo 40 homens, com mediana de 52 anos. O tempo desde o início da internação até a positivação do swab apresentou uma mediana e amplitude interquartil de 18 (9-33) dias, com período de internação de 36 (24-56) dias. Foi identificado uso de cateter central em 93%, sondagem vesical de demora 88%, sondagem nasogástrica/nasoentérica 87%, ventilação mecânica 81% e hemodiálise 40%. Dois terços dos pacientes apresentaram pelo menos um evento infeccioso após a colonização. O escore de Charlson (OR 1,53 por cada ponto; IC95% 1,25-1,97) e diálise prévia (OR 4,35; IC95% 1,39-15,37) foram preditores independentes de mortalidade. Óbito ocorreu em 56% dos pacientes (n=42). Conclusão: Pacientes colonizados por KPC apresentam mortalidade total intra-hospitalar elevada. Comorbidades prévias à colonização foram associadas com mortalidade. O presente estudo não permite definir qual o papel da colonização no desfecho clínico dos pacientes...

Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase (KPC)-producing Enterobacteriaceae have been increasingly identified in hospitalized patients, but little is known about the profile and prognosis of patients colonized by these bacteria. This study aims to assess the epidemiological profile and overall in-hospital mortality of patients colonized by KPC in a reference center. Methods: This is a retrospective cohort study in adult patients colonized by KPC and admitted to clinical units of Hospital Nossa Senhora da Conceição, Porto Alegre, Brazil, between November/2012 and March/2013. Those patients with screening culture test positive for KPC-producing bacteria during hospitalization were defined as colonized. Results: Seventy-five patients were included, 40 of which were males, and the median age was 52 years. The median and interquartile range of time from onset of hospitalization until colonization was 18 [9-33] days, with a median hospital stay of 36 (24-56) days. Considering the other risk factors for colonization, there was a high prevalence in the use of central access catheter (93%), indwelling catheter (88%), nasogastric/enteral tube (87%), mechanical ventilation (81%), and need for hemodialysis (40%). Two thirds of patients had at least one infectious event after colonization. Charlson score (OR 1.53 for each point; 95%CI1.25-1.97) and previous dialysis (OR 4.35; 95%CI1.39-15.37) were independent predictors for mortality. In hospital mortality was 56%. Conclusion: Patients colonized by KPC have high in-hospital overall mortality. Comorbidities were associated with mortality. This study does not enable to define the role of colonization in defining patients’ clinical outcomes...

Purple urine bag syndrome in end-stage chronic kidney disease

Introduction: When faced with violet, purple or purplish-blue urine, clinicians should consider urinary tract infection in their differential diagnosis. Case report: A 60-year-old woman with end-stage kidney disease and non-adherence to renal replacement therapy was admitted to our hospital for placement of hemodialysis catheter. During her hospitalization she had purple urine, and purple urine bag syndrome (PUBS) was diagnosed. She was effectively treated with antibiotics and her urine returned to a dark yellow color. Discussion: Although this condition is often easily treated, diagnosing PUBS in chronic renal patients probably means an increased serum concentration of indoxyl sulfate, metabolite that is involved in the progression of both CKD and cardiovascular disease. Conclusion: Hence, in the context of our renal patients, perhaps PUBS is not as benign as supposed. .

Revisión sistemática de la farmacorresistencia en enterobacterias de aislamientos hospitalarios en Colombia / Systematic review of antimicrobial resistance in Enterobacteriaceae isolates from Colombian hospitals

Introducción. La resistencia bacteriana es un problema de salud pública a nivel mundial que compromete seriamente la capacidad de tratar las infecciones. Objetivo. Describir el perfil de resistencia a los antimicrobianos marcadores en enterobacterias identificadas en hospitales colombianos. Materiales y métodos. Se hizo una revisión bibliográfica sistemática de las publicaciones indexadas en Medline, Embase y Lilacs, además de la búsqueda manual de todos los números de revistas colombianas reconocidas en el campo de la infectología y otros afines para identificar referencias no disponibles electrónicamente. Resultados. Se identificaron 43 estudios y reportes de vigilancia epidemiológica con información sobre la resistencia de las enterobacterias en hospitales, principalmente de Bogotá, Cali y Medellín. La tasa de resistencia en Escherchia coli oscila entre 3 y 11 %, 5 y 20 % y 0,2 a 0,8 % para piperacilina-tazobactam, cefalosporinas de tercera generación y carbapenémicos, respectivamente. En aislamientos de Klebsiella pneumoniae , la resistencia oscila entre 21,8 y 48,1 % frente a piperacilina-tazobactam, 20 y 35 % frente a cefalosporinas de amplio espectro y 3 y 8 % frente a carbapenémicos, con variaciones importantes por ciudades, niveles de atención y circunstancias clínicas. Conclusiones. La diseminación de la resistencia bacteriana en enterobacterias aisladas en hospitales colombianos es un problema creciente que requiere medidas prontas para cortar las cadenas de transmisión.

Introduction: Bacterial resistance is a public health problem worldwide that seriously compromises the possibility to treat infections. Objective: To identify levels of resistance to antibiotic markers in Enterobacteriaceae isolates from Colombian hospitals. Materials and methods: A systematic literature survey was done including articles indexed in Medline, Embase and LILACS. A manual search was made of Colombian scientific journals and other publications on infectious disease that were not available electronically. Results: In total, 43 observational studies and epidemiological reports were identified with information about resistance among Enterobacteriaceae isolates in Colombian hospitals, mainly from Bogotá, Cali and Medellín. The resistance rate of Escherichia coli ranges from 3 to 11%, 5 to 20% and from 0.2 to 0.8% for piperacillin-tazobactam, third generation cephalosporins and carbapenems, respectively. For Klebsiella pneumoniae resistance rates ranges from 21.8 to 48.1% to piperacillin-tazobactam, 20 to 35% to broad-spectrum cephalosporins and 3 to 8% to carbapenems, with significant variations by cities, levels of care and clinical settings. Conclusions: The spread of bacterial resistance in Enterobacteriaceae isolated in Colombian hospitals is a growing problem that calls for priority action to cut the chains of transmission.

Analysis of Klebsiella pneumoniae infection in 75 preterm infants / 中华围产医学杂志

Objective To analyze the clinical characteristics of Klebsiella pneumoniae infection in preterm infants. Methods Clinical data of 75 preterm infants infected with Klebsiella pneumoniae treated in BaYi Children's Hospital from February 6,2008 to February 10,2010 were retrospectively analyzed.The difference of auxiliary examination between early-onset and late-onset infection group were compared by two independent samples t test.Spearman correlation analysis and non-conditional Logistic regression analysis were used to analyze the high risk factors and the prognostic factors of Klebsiella pneumoniae infection in preterm infants. Results The incidence of Klebsiella pneumoniae infection was 2.8％ (75/2721) in preterm infants,and the mortality rate was 9.3％ (7/75). There were 71 cases of Klebsiella pneumoniae sepsis and 4 cases of Klebsiella pneumoniae pneumonia.Among 75 cases,63 cases were early-onset infection (onset age≤72 h) and 12 were late-onset infection (onset age＞72 h).All patients presented with poor response,heart rate during quiet sleep ＞ 160/min and low oxygen saturation.The mean corpuscular volume and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration in early-onset Klebsiella pneunoniae infection cases were higher than those in late-onset neonates [(128.87±24.60) fl vs (113.72±13.54) fl,t=-2.07,P＜0.05and (38.11±2.15) pg vs (36.98±1.05) pg,t=-2.76,P＜0.05].Low birth weight and caesarean section were associated with early-onset Klebsiella pneumoniae sepsis (r=0.250 and -0.240,P＜0.05). The prognosis of Klebsiella pneumoniae infection was associated with hospital stay and duration of premature rupture of membranes (r=0.368 and 0.318,P＜0.05). Conclusions There were no specific clinical manifestations for Klebsiella pneumoniae infection in preterm infants.Preterm infants with low birth weight,long duration of premature rupture of membranes,delivered by caesarean section and received invasive operation are likely to develop Klebsiella pneumoniae infection.

Rinoscleroma / Rhinoscleroma

INTRODUÇÃO: Rinoscleroma é uma doença infecciosa crônica do tipo granulomatosa causada pela bactéria Klebsiella rhinoscleromatis. Acomete a mucosa do trato respiratório, mais frequentemente o nariz. É considerada endêmica em determinadas regiões com África e América Central, porém é rara no Brasil. O acometimento nasal ocorre em 3 fases: catarral, granulomatosa e cicatricial. Em todo o seu curso a doença apresenta sintomatologia inespecífica, daí a dificuldade em ser diagnosticada. Seu diagnóstico é estabelecido através de cultura ou pelo encontro de células de Mikulicz ou corpúsculo de Russel no estudo anatomopatológico. O tratamento consiste em antibioticoterapia por longo período, associada ou não a cirurgia. OBJETIVO: Este relato tem por objetivo ilustrar um caso de rinoscleroma em uma paciente jovem com queixa de obstrução nasal bilateral de longa data e cefaleia. O intuito é alertar os otorrinolaringologistas para o diagnóstico desta doença rara, que se apresenta com sintomas inespecíficos e semelhantes a inúmeras patologias que acometem a região nasal.

INTRODUCTION: Rhinoscleroma is a chronic granulomatous infectious disease, caused by the bacterium Klebsiella rhinoscleromatis. Affects the respiratory tract mucosa, more frequent in the nose. Is considered endemic in certain regions like Africa and Central America, but is rare in Brazil. The nasal involvement occurs in 3 phases: catarrhal, granulomatous and sclerotic stage. In all its course the disease presents nonspecific symptoms, and because of that, the difficulty of being diagnosed. Its diagnosis is established by culture or by the meeting of Mikulicz cell or Russel corpuscles in the anatomopathological study. The treatment consists in a long-term antibiotic, associated or not to a surgery. OBJECTIVE: This report aims ilustrate a case of rhinoscleroma in a female young patient complaining of bilateral nasal obstruction, long standing and headache. The intent is alert the otorhinolaringologists in diagnosing this rare disease, which presents itself with nonspecific symptoms as like numerous pathologies that affect the nasal region.

Clinical analysis of 39 patients with carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae infection / 中华传染病杂志

Objective To investigate the clinical characteristics, risk factors and prevention measures of carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP) infection. Methods Thirty-nine cases whose CRKP isolation and culture were positive and who were confirmed with nosocomial infection in 2nd affiliated hospital medical school of Zhcjiang University between July 2006 and July 2008 were retrospectively investigated. Results There were 22 (56.4%) sputum specimens among CRKP samples. The average age of the patients was 64.0 years old and the average length of staying in hospital was 80.8 days. There wcre 36 patients who had been in intensive care unit (ICU) within 2 weeks and 26 were conscious disturbance,38 received urethral catheterization, 34 inserted with central venous catheter, 32 received tracheal intubation and 30 assisted with mechanical ventilation. There were 27 (69. 2 % ) patients who were co-infected with other bacteria and 8 were co-infccted with fungi. The mortality was 46. 2% in patients with CRKP infection. Before CRKP-positive culture, 27 (69.2%)experienced ＞4 kinds of antibiotics with the majority of β-lactams/β-lactamase inhibitors and carbapenems.Conclusions CRKP infection frequently occurrs in elder and patients who prolonged stay in hospital,especially patients in ICU. Invasive procedures could increase the infection opportunities.

Infección por Klebsiella rinoescleromatis: revisión de una entidadotorrinolaringológica de importancia creciente: [revisión] / Klebsiella rhinoscleromatis infection: review of an otolaryngologic entity of increasing relevance: [review]

La infección por Klebsiella rinoescleromatis es una condición infrecuente en nuestro país, pero endémica en ciertas regiones del mundo. Se presenta como una entidad crónica, progresiva y de aspecto granulomatoso. Causa típicamente rinoescleroma, pero puede comprometer otras partes del sistema respiratorio. Especial atención requiere el compromiso laríngeo y traqueal pues puede representar un riesgo para la vida del paciente. Su diagnóstico se basa en hallazgos como deformidad nasal u obstrucción de la vía aérea con disnea, disfonía y estridor respiratorio. Se apoya en técnicas de imagen como la tomografía computada y la resonancia magnética, pero el diagnóstico confirmatorio lo entrega la histopatología. Su tratamiento incluye el uso de antibióticos y cirugía, la que se puede realizar por diversas técnicas. En suma, es una enfermedad que requiere un alto grado de sospecha y se debe tener en consideración actualmente ante la inmigración a nuestro medio desde regiones endémicas cercanas.

Klebsiella Rhinoscleromatis infection is a rare condition in our country, but is endemic in certain regions of the world. It is presented as a chronic entity, progressive and granulomatous aspect.Typically cause rhinoscleroma, but may also compromise other parts of the respiratory tract. Special attention requires the laryngeal and tracheal compromise therefore may pose a risk to the patient’s life. Its diagnosis is based on the clinical findings like nasal deformity or obstruction of the airway with dyspnea, dysphonia and stridor. It relies on imaging techniques such as computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging, but the diagnosis is confirmed by histopathology. Its treatment includes antibiotics and surgery, which can be achieved by various techniques. In short, is a disease that requires a high degree of suspicion and should be taken into consideration now before the immigration to our country from nearly endemic regions.