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Abstract Objective This is the first study to establish the utility of extended curettage with or without bone allograft for Grade II giant cell tumors GCTs around the knee joint with the aim of exploring postoperative functional outcomes. Methods We retrospectively reviewed 25 cases of Campanacci grade II GCTs undergoing extended curettage between January 2014 and December 2019. The participants were divided into two groups: one group of 12 patients underwent extended curettage with bone allograft and bone cement, while the other group of 13 patients underwent extended curettage with bone cement only. Quality of life was assessed by the Revised Musculoskeletal Tumor Society Score and by the Knee score of the Knee Society; recurrence and complications were assessed for each cohort at the last follow-up. The Fisher test and two-sample t-tests were used to compare the categorical and continuous outcomes, respectively. Results The mean age was 28.09 (7.44) years old, with 10 (40%) males and 15 females (60%). The distal femur and the proximal tibia were involved in 13 (52%) and in 12 (48%) patients, respectively. There was no significant difference in the musculoskeletal tumor society score (25.75 versus 27.41; p= 0.178), in the knee society score (78.67 versus 81.46; p= 0.33), recurrence (0 versus 0%; p= 1), and complications (25 versus 7.69%; p= 0.21). Conclusions Extended curettage with or without bone allograft have similar functional outcomes for the knee without any major difference in the incidence of recurrence and of complications for Grade II GCTs. However, surgical convenience and cost-effectiveness might favor the bone cement only, while long-term osteoarthritis prevention needs to be investigated to favor bone allograft.
Resumo Objetivo Este é o primeiro estudo a estabelecer a utilidade da curetagem estendida com ou sem enxerto ósseo em tumores de células gigantes (TCGs) de grau II na articulação do joelho com o objetivo de explorar os resultados funcionais pós-operatórios. Métodos Revisamos retrospectivamente 25 casos de TCGs de grau II de Campanacci submetidos a curetagem estendida entre janeiro de 2014 e dezembro de 2019. Os participantes foram divididos em 2 grupos: um grupo de 12 pacientes foi submetido a curetagem estendida com aloenxerto ósseo e cimento ósseo, enquanto o outro grupo, com 13 pacientes, foi submetido a curetagem estendida apenas com cimento ósseo. A qualidade de vida foi avaliada pela Pontuação Revista da Musculoskeletal Tumor Society (MTS, na sigla em inglês) e pela Pontuação da Knee Society (KS, na sigla em inglês), enquanto as taxas de recidiva e complicações foram avaliadas em cada coorte na última consulta de acompanhamento. O teste de Fisher e os testes t de duas amostras foram usados para comparação de resultados categóricos e contínuos, respectivamente Resultados A média de idade dos pacientes foi de 28,09 (7,44) anos; 10 (40%) pacientes eram do sexo masculino e 15 (60%) pacientes eram do sexo feminino. O fêmur distal e a tíbia proximal foram acometidos em 13 (52%) e 12 (48%) dos pacientes, respectivamente. Não houve diferença significativa na pontuação revista da MTS (25,75 versus 27,41; p= 0,178), na pontuação da KS (78,67 versus 81,46; p= 0,33) e nas taxas de recidiva (0 versus 0%; p= 1) e complicações (25 versus 7,69%; p= 0,21). Conclusões A curetagem estendida com ou sem aloenxerto ósseo tem resultados funcionais semelhantes em pacientes com TCGs de grau II no joelho, sem qualquer diferença importante na incidência de recidivas e complicações. No entanto, a conveniência cirúrgica e o custo-benefício podem favorecer a utilização apenas de cimento ósseo, enquanto a prevenção da osteoartrite em longo prazo precisa ser investigada para favorecer o enxerto ósseo.
Subject(s)
Humans , Bone Cements , Bone Transplantation , Curettage , Giant Cell Tumors , Knee/surgeryABSTRACT
There are various reasons for the injury to the peroneal nerve but the most common cause is compression anywhere along its route, from the origin to the distal branches, usually at the knee level.At the knee level, compression on the fibular level within the course of the peroneal nerve and anatomical and pathological is the site where the peroneal nerve is usually affected. Iatrogenic injuries after surgical interventions to the knee, metabolic, or toxic causes are also common. We present the case of a young female basketball player who underwent a surgical procedure for the injured anterior cruciate ligament of the right knee and during the rehabilitation process, peroneal paresis of a left leg occurred.
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RESUMEN Fundamento: la evaluación del estado actual y de progresión de la gonartrosis necesita de métodos tanto clínicos como imagenológicos, estos últimos necesitan de entrenamiento, mayor tiempo y familiarización por parte del personal médico con la tecnología digital. Objetivo: mostrar dos métodos de medición del espacio articular tibiofemoral en pacientes con gonartrosis. Métodos: la búsqueda y análisis de la información se realizó en un periodo de 56 días (primero de noviembre de 2018 al 26 de diciembre de 2018) y se emplearon las siguientes palabras: tibiofemoral space measure AND knee osteoarthritis, knee joint space narrowing AND knee osteoarthritis, knee joint space width a partir de la información obtenida se realizó una revisión bibliográfica de un total de 272 artículos publicados en las bases de datos PubMed, Hinari, SciELO y Medline mediante el gestor de búsqueda y administrador de referencias EndNote, de ellos, se utilizaron 31 citas seleccionadas para realizar la revisión, 27 de los últimos cinco años. Resultados: se mencionan los métodos aplicables tanto en películas radiográficas convencionales y las de tipo digital. Se hace referencia a la vista radiográfica para la evaluación, gradación e interpretación del espacio articular tibiofemoral. Se exponen dos métodos de medición por pasos. Conclusiones: la medición del espacio tibiofemoral es importante para conocer el estado en que se encuentran los enfermos que padecen de gonartrosis, así como, determinar la respuesta desde el punto de vista imagenológico a diferentes modalidades de tratamiento aplicados tanto conservadores como quirúrgicos.
ABSTRACT Background: the assessment of the current status and progression of gonarthrosis needs both clinical and imaging methods, the last ones require from medical personnel training, more time and acquaintance with digital technology. Objective: to describe two methods to measure the tibiofemoral space in patients suffering knee osteoarthritis. Methods: the information search and analysis was carried out from November 1 to December 26, 2018. The search terms in PubMed, Medline, Hinari and Scielo databases using the EndNote software were: tibiofemoral space measure AND knee osteoarthritis, knee joint space narrowing AND knee osteoarthritis, and knee joint space width. A total of 272 articles were obtained, from which we selected 31, 27 of them from the last five years. Results: here we show that measuring methods of the tibiofemoral space can be done with plain radiographies and digital ones, and also the radiographic image for the assessment, grading and analysis of the tibiofemoral joint space. We described two methods of measurement step by step. Conclusions: the tibiofemoral space measurement is important to establish the status of patients with gonarthrosis, and to evaluate by means of imagenology the outcome of conservative and surgical treatments of the disease.
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RESUMEN Fundamento: la gonartrosis es una enfermedad frecuente relacionada con el incremento de la calidad y expectativa de vida de la población, en la evolución de este padecimiento existen factores que aceleran sus manifestaciones entre ellos la deformidad en varo. Objetivo: evaluar los resultados de la técnica quirúrgica combinada de artroscopia, fibulectomía parcial y proximal en pacientes con gonartrosis y deformidad en varo. Métodos: se realizó un estudio cuasi experimental modalidad antes y después sin grupo de control en 25 pacientes con el diagnóstico de gonartrosis primaria asociada a deformidad en varo, en el Hospital Universitario Manuel Ascunce Domenech de la provincia Camagüey desde abril 2016 a agosto de 2019. La investigación tiene un nivel de evidencia II recomendación B. Resultados: predominio del sexo femenino al masculino con una razón de 2,12 a 1. La enfermedad intrarticular más frecuente fue la lesión de meniscos y cartílagos grados III/IV. Se encontró significación entre un antes y después al aplicar las escalas evaluativas. El procedimiento artroscópico más empleado fue la meniscectomía. Conclusiones: la realización simultanea de artroscopia y fibulectomía parcial proximal es una técnica efectiva y sencilla con un mínimo de complicaciones, permite corregir la deformidad angular de la extremidad, al mismo tiempo de tratar lesiones intrarticulares, en especial las de menisco y cartílago.
ABSTRACT Background: gonarthrosis is a frequent entity related to the increase in the quality and life expectancy of the population, in the evolution of this disease there are factors that accelerate its manifestations including varus deformity. Objective: to evaluate the results of the combined surgical technique of arthroscopy, partial and proximal fibulectomy in patients with gonarthrosis and varus deformity. Methods: a quasi-experimental study was performed before and after without a control group in 25 patients with the diagnosis of primary gonarthrosis associated with varus deformity, at the Manuel Ascunce Domenech University Hospital in the city of Camagüey from April 2016 to August 2019. The investigation has a level of evidence II recommendation B. Results: female prevailed to male sex with a ratio of 2.12 to 1. The most common intra-articular entity was the meniscus lesion and cartilage grades III/IV. Significance was found between a before and after applying the evaluation scales. The most commonly used arthroscopic procedure was meniscectomy. Conclusions: the simultaneous performance of arthroscopy and proximal partial fibulectomy is an effective and simple technique with a minimum of complications, it allows correcting the angular deformity of the limb, while treating intra-articular lesions, especially those of meniscus and cartilage.
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Intruduction@#Since 1990, joint surgery techniques and implants have changed dramatically and results have improved. Today knee implants and surgical treatment of knee injuries are commonplace at the National Center for Trauma and Orthopedics.</br> Rehabilitation after knee surgery can help maintain joint range of motion, muscle strength, and daily function. However, inadequate rehabilitation can lead to increased pain, reduced mobility and, in some cases, reoperation.@*Material and Methods@#The study included 90 patients who responded to an AM-34 form using a random sampling method for pain assessment using VAS, daily activity ability using the Barthel index, gait analysis using gait analysis, and muscle strength rating of joint amplitude using by ICF 10.@*Result@#A study was conducted on 90 patients who had postoperative physical surgery in 2016-2019 in the Arthritis Surgery Department of the National Center for Trauma and Orthopedics. The study included patients aged 19 to 45 years with a mean age of 28.98 ± 5.47 years, 58 years for men (64%) and 32 years for women (36%). </br> Rehabilitation and postoperative treatment after knee surgery can help maintain freedom of movement, muscle strength, and daily joint function, while inadequate rehabilitation can lead to increased pain, reduced mobility and, in some cases, reoperation. confirmed by research.</br> Studies have shown that endoscopic surgery is 30 to 40% more effective than open surgery in normalizing joint function in postoperative knee surgery.</br> The sooner you start mobile surgery after knee surgery, the sooner your joint function will be normal. It was effective to do the 6 movement exercises that we used together.
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The infrapatellar branch of the saphenous nerve is a cutaneous nerve that innervates the area surrounding the patella and contributes to the peripatellar plexus. This nerve is target to iatrogenic injuries during a great deal of knee procedures, such as tendon harvesting, total knee arthroplasty and medial arthroscopic approaches to the knee. Lesion to this nerve can produce sensorial loss at its innervation territory. The study conducted herein aims to observe the anatomical aspects of the infrapatellar branch in cadaveric specimens. The infrapatellar branch of the saphenous nerve of 40 male cadavers was dissected with the purpose of identifying the number of branches, its relation with the patella, tibial tuberosity and sartorius muscle. The nerve was dissected and several measurements were performed with the aid of a digital caliper. Statistical analysis was performed with the MedCalc 16.1 software. The infrapatellar branch of the saphenous nerve was present in 100 % of the sample. Its mean distance from its origin to its branching point was 16.35±6.48 mm on the right and 21.94±4.31 mm on the left, with statistically significant differences (p < 0.05). A relatively safe zone for surgery was observed on the superior and medial aspect of the patella, which received less branches.
La rama infrapatelar del nervio safeno es un nervio cutáneo que inerva el área que rodea la patela y contribuye al plexo peripatelar. Este nervio es objeto de lesiones iatrogénicas durante una gran cantidad de procedimientos de rodilla, como la extracción de tendones, la artroplastía total de rodilla y los abordajes artroscópicos mediales de la rodilla. La lesión de este nervio puede producir pérdida sensorial en su territorio de inervación. El estudio realizado aquí tiene como objetivo observar los aspectos anatómicos de la rama infrapatelar en muestras de cadáveres. La rama infrapatelar del nervio safeno de 40 cadáveres masculinos se disecó con el propósito de identificar el número de ramas, su relación con la patela, la tuberosidad tibial y el músculo sartorio. Se disecó el nervio y se realizaron varias mediciones con la ayuda de un calibrador digital. El análisis estadístico se realizó con el software MedCalc 16.1. La rama infrapatelar del nervio safeno estaba presente en el 100 % de las muestras. La distancia media desde su origen hasta su punto de ramificación fue de 16,35±6,48 mm a la derecha y de 21,94±4,31 mm a la izquierda, con diferencias estadísticamente significativas (p <0,05). Se identificó una zona relativamente segura para la cirugía en el aspecto superior y medial de la patela, que recibió menos ramas.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Femoral Nerve/anatomy & histology , Knee/innervation , Patella/innervation , CadaverABSTRACT
Abstract Objective To describe the treatment provided by specialists for ACL lesions in professional soccer players. Methods A cross-sectional study in which orthopedic surgeons affiliated to soccer teams competing in the Brazilian Soccer Championship answered a questionnaire about the treatment of ACL injuries in professional soccer players. Results The specialists wait between one to four weeks after the ACL injury to perform the surgical treatment. They use a single incision and single-bundle reconstruction, assisted by arthroscopy, femoral tunnel drilling by an accessory medial portal, and quadruple flexor tendon autografts or patellar tendon autografts. After three to four months, the players are allowed to run in a straight line; after four to six months, they begin to practice exercises with the ball without contact with other athletes; and, after six to eight months, they return to play. The main parameter used to determine the return to play is the isokinetic strength test. The specialists estimate that more than 90% of elite soccer players return to playing professionally after an ACL reconstruction, and 60 to 90% return to play at their prior or at a greater level of performance. Conclusion The present article successfully describes the main surgical practices and post-surgery management adopted by specialists in this highly-specific population of patients.
Resumo Objetivo Descrever o tratamento realizado por especialistas das lesões do ligamento cruzado anterior (LCA) em jogadores profissionais de futebol. Métodos Estudo transversal, no qual ortopedistas vinculados a clubes participantes do Campeonato Brasileiro de Futebol responderam a um questionário sobre o tratamento das lesões do LCA em jogadores profissionais de futebol. Resultados Os especialistas aguardam entre uma e quatro semanas após a lesão do LCA para realizar o tratamento cirúrgico. Utilizam técnica com incisão e banda únicas auxiliada por artroscopia, perfuração do túnel femoral via portal acessório medial, e autoenxerto quádruplo de tendões flexores ou autoenxerto de tendão patelar. Os jogadores são liberados para correr em linha reta após três a quatro meses; para exercícios com bola sem contato com outros atletas, após quatro a seis meses; e o retorno ao esporte acorre após seis a oito meses. O principal parâmetro usado para o retorno ao esporte é o teste de força isocinético. Os especialistas estimam que mais de 90% dos jogadores operados por lesão do LCA retornam ao esporte profissional, e entre 60% e 90% retornam com o mesmo nível ou com um nível melhor de desempenho. Conclusão Este estudo descreve de forma satisfatória as principais práticas cirúrgicas e pós-operatórias adotadas pelos especialistas nessa população altamente específica de pacientes.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Arthroscopy , Soccer , Surveys and Questionnaires , Anterior Cruciate Ligament , Patellar Ligament , Athletes , Return to Sport , Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries , Orthopedic Surgeons , Knee/surgery , Knee InjuriesABSTRACT
Abstract Bilateral atraumatic rupture of the patellar ligament is a rare lesion, usually associated with systemic diseases and drugs such as steroids and fluoroquinolones. This report presents a case of bilateral atraumatic rupture of the patellar ligament in a 43-year-old male with obesity, type 2 diabetesmellitus, and who was being treated with a systemic corticosteroid for autoimmune disease (Wegener granulomatosis). These factors caused chronic degenerative and inflammatory changes in the ligaments, confirmed by the histological examination. Due to tissue quality, a primary ligament repair associated to an augmentation with semitendinosus tendon was performed. After 1 year, the patient presented satisfactory evolution, regaining the full range of motion and returning to his usual activities without sequelae.
Resumo A ruptura atraumática bilateral do ligamento patelar é uma lesão rara, geralmente associada a doenças sistêmicas e ao uso de medicamentos como corticoides e fluoroquinolonas. Este relato apresenta um caso de rotura atraumática bilateral do ligamento patelar em umhomem de 43 anos, portador de obesidade, diabetesmelitus tipo 2 e em uso de corticoide sistêmico para doença autoimune (granulomatose de Wegener). Esses fatores provocam alterações degenerativas e inflamatórias crônicas nos ligamentos, confirmadas pelo exame histológico. Devido à qualidade tecidual, foi feito reparo primário do ligamento associado a reforço com o tendão semitendíneo. Após um ano, o paciente apresentou evolução satisfatória, comganho de amplitude de movimento completo e retorno às atividades habituais, sem sequelas.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Patellar Ligament , Knee/surgeryABSTRACT
Objective To observe the efficacy and safety of Dexmedetomidine mixed with Ropivacaine for adductor canal block combined with general anesthesia in patients undergoing arthroscopic knee surgery. Methods Ninety patients underwent elective unilateral arthroscopic knee surgery were randomly divided into three groups (n = 30 each): general anesthesia group (Group G), general anesthesia + Ropivacaine for adductor canal block group (Group G+R) and general anesthesia + Dexmedetomidine mixed with Ropivacaine for adductor canal block group (Group G+DR). After the end of anesthesia induction, ultrasound-guided adductor canal block was performed in G+R and G+DR groups. In G+R and G+DR groups, 20 ml of 0.375% Ropivacaine and 20 ml of 0.375% Ropivacaine mixed with 0.6 μg/kg Dexmedetomidine were injected, respectively. After the induction of general anesthesia, the i-gel laryngeal mask airway was inserted, and the patients were mechanically ventilated in the two groups. Anesthesia was maintained with Remifentanil 0.15 μg/(kg?min) and Propofol adjusted to maintain BIS between 45 and 55. The time for recovery of spontaneous breathing, emergence time, and time for removal of LMA were recorded. The VAS scores at rest, during active functional exercise (AFE) and continuous passive movement (CPM) were recorded at the following points: 1 h, 4 h, 8 h, 12 h and 24 h after surgery. And quadriceps strength was evaluated at the following points: preoperative evaluation, 1 h, 4 h, 8 h, 12 h and 24 h after surgery. The total consumption of rescue analgesics, complications associated with adductor canal block, and occurrence of adverse cardiovascular events, over-sedation and postoperative nausea and vomiting were also recorded. Results Compared with Group G and Group G+R, the time for recovery of spontaneous breathing, emergence time, and time for removal of LMA were significantly shorter (P < 0.01). Compared with Group G, the VAS scores at rest, during AFE and CPM at 1 h and 4 h after surgery and the total consumption of Flurbiprofen axetil in Group G+R, and the VAS scores at rest, during AFE and CPM at 1 h, 4 h, 8 h and 12 h after surgery and the total consumption of Flurbiprofen axetil in Group G+DR were lower (all P < 0.05). Compared with Group G+R, the VAS scores at rest, during AFE and CPM at 8 h and 12 h after surgery and the total consumption of Flurbiprofen axetil in Group G+DR were lower (P < 0.01). No significant differences were seen among three groups in the terms of quadriceps strength, Dezocine consumption and adverse reactions (P > 0.05). Conclusion 0.6 μg/kg Dexmedetomidine mixed with 0.375% Ropivacaine 20 ml can provide faster recovery from anesthesia and effectively improve postoperative analgesia without inducing obvious adverse reactions when used for adductor canal block combined with general anesthesia in patients undergoing arthroscopic knee surgery.
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Abstract Objectives: The aim of the present study was to investigate the preventive effects of propofol and ketamine as small dose sedation during spinal anaesthesia on tourniquet-induced ischaemia-reperfusion injury. Methods: 30 patients were randomly assigned into two groups of 15 patients. In the propofol group, sedation was performed with propofol 0.2 mg·kg-1 followed by infusion at a rate of 2 mg·kg-1·h-1. In the ketamine group, a continuous infusion of ketamine 0.5 mg·kg-1·h-1 was used until the end of surgery. Intravenous administration of midazolam was not used in any patients. Ramsay sedation scale was used for assessing the sedation level. Venous blood samples were obtained before propofol and ketamine infusion (T1), at 30 minutes (min) of tourniquet ischaemia (T2), and 5 min after tourniquet deflation (T3) for malondialdehyde (MDA) measurements. Results: No differences were noted between the groups in haemodynamic (p > 0.05) and demographic data (p > 0.05). There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups in terms of T1, T2 and T3 periods (p > 0.05). There was a statistically increase observed in MDA values respectively both in Group P and Group K between the reperfusion period (1.95 ± 0.59, 2.31 ± 0.48) and pre-ischaemia (1.41 ± 0.38, 1.54 ± 0.45), and ischaemia (1.76 ± 0.70, 1.71 ± 0.38) (µmoL-1) periods (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Small-dose propofol and ketamine has similar potential to reduce the oxidative stress caused by tourniquet-induced ischaemia-reperfusion injury in patients undergoing arthroscopic knee surgery under spinal anaesthesia.
Resumo Objetivos: O objetivo do presente estudo foi investigar os efeitos preventivos de propofol e cetamina em sedação com doses baixas durante a raquianestesia sobre lesão de isquemia-reperfusão induzida por torniquete. Métodos: 30 pacientes foram randomicamente alocados em dois grupos de 15 pacientes cada. No grupo propofol, a sedação foi feita com 0,2 mg.kg-1 de propofol seguida por infusão a uma taxa de 2 mg.kg-1.h-1. No grupo cetamina, uma infusão contínua de 0,5 mg.kg-1.h-1 de cetamina foi usada até o final da cirurgia. Midazolam intravenoso não foi administrado em nenhum dos pacientes. A Escala de Sedação de Ramsay (ESR) foi usada para avaliar o nível de sedação. Amostras de sangue venoso foram colhidas antes da administração de propofol e infusão de cetamina (T1), aos 30 minutos (min) de isquemia do torniquete (T2) e 5 min após a desinsuflação do torniquete (T3), para medir os valores de malondialdeído (MDA). Resultados: Não observamos diferenças entre os grupos em relação à hemodinâmica (p > 0,05) e dados demográficos (p > 0,05). Não houve diferença estatisticamente significativa entre os dois grupos nos períodos T1, T2 e T3 (p > 0,05). Um aumento estatisticamente significativo foi observado nos valores de MDA, respectivamente, no Grupo P e Grupo C entre os períodos de reperfusão (1,95 ± 0,59, 2,31 ± 0,48) e pré-isquemia (1,41 ± 0,38, 1,54 ± 0,45) e isquemia (1,76 ± 0,70, 1,71 ± 0,38) (µmoL-1) (p < 0,05). Conclusões: Propofol e cetamina em doses baixas apresentam potencial semelhante para reduzir o estresse oxidativo causado pela lesão de isquemia-reperfusão induzida por torniquete em pacientes submetidos à artroscopia de joelho sob raquianestesia.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Tourniquets/adverse effects , Reperfusion Injury/etiology , Reperfusion Injury/prevention & control , Propofol/administration & dosage , Hypnotics and Sedatives/administration & dosage , Ketamine/administration & dosage , Anesthesia, Spinal/methods , Anesthetics, Dissociative/administration & dosage , Antioxidants/administration & dosage , Prospective StudiesABSTRACT
ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE: To present the outcomes of posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) double-bundle reconstruction using autologous hamstring tendons, with a minimum follow-up of two years. METHODS: Evaluation of 16 cases of PCL injury that underwent double-bundle reconstruction with autogenous hamstring tendons, between 2011 and 2013. The final sample consisted of 16 patients, 15 men and one woman, with a mean age of 31 years (21-49). The predominant mechanism was motorcycle accident in half of the cases. There was a mean interval of 15 months between the time of lesion and the surgery (three to 52 months). Five lesions were isolated and 11, associated. Clinical evaluation, application of validated scores, and measurements with use of the KT-1000 were performed. RESULTS: The analysis showed a mean preoperative Lysholm score of 50 points (28-87), progressing to 94 points (85-100) postoperatively. The IKDC score also demonstrated improvement. In the preoperative evaluation, four and 12 patients were respectively classified as C (abnormal) and D (very unusual), and in the postoperative evaluation six as A (normal) and ten as B (close to normal). In the post-operative evaluation by KT1000 arthrometer, 13 patients showed difference between 0-2 mm and 3 between 3 and 5 mm, when compared with the contralateral side. CONCLUSION: Autologous hamstring tendons are a viable option in double-bundle reconstruction of the PCL, with good clinical results in a minimum follow-up of two years.
RESUMO OBJETIVO: Apresentar os resultados de uma série de casos de reconstrução do ligamento cruzado posterior (LCP) em dupla banda com o uso dos tendões flexores autólogos, com seguimento mínimo de dois anos. MÉTODO: Avaliação de 16 casos de lesão do LCP submetidos a reconstrução em dupla banda com tendões flexores autólogos entre 2011 e 2013. A amostra final foi composta por 16 pacientes, 15 homens e uma mulher, com média de 31 anos (21-49). O mecanismo predominante foi acidente motociclístico em metade dos casos. Houve um intervalo médio de 15 meses entre a lesão e a cirurgia (três a 52 meses). Cinco lesões eram isoladas e 11, associadas. Foram feitas avaliação clínica, aplicação de escores validados e mensuração com uso do artrômetro KT-1000. RESULTADOS: A avaliação pela escala de Lysholm pré-operatória teve média de 55 pontos (28-87), evoluiu para uma média pós-operatória de 94 pontos (85-100). O IKDC também demonstrou melhoria. Na avaliação pré-operatória, quatro e 12 pacientes foram respectivamente classificados como C (anormal) e D (muito anormal); na avaliação pós-operatória, seis foram classificados como A (normal) e dez como B (próximo ao normal). Na avaliação pós-operatória pelo artrômetro KT1000, 13 pacientes apresentaram diferença entre 0-2 mm e três, entre 3-5 mm, na comparação com o lado contralateral. CONCLUSÃO: O uso dos tendões flexores autólogos é uma opção viável na reconstrução do LCP em dupla banda, apresenta bons resultados clínicos em seguimento mínimo de dois anos.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Knee Injuries , Knee/surgery , Outcome Assessment, Health Care , Posterior Cruciate LigamentABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Postoperative pain is a common, distressing symptom following arthroscopic knee surgery. The aim of this study was to compare the potential analgesic effect of dexmedetomidine after intrathecal versus intra-articular administration following arthroscopic knee surgery. METHODS: Ninety patients undergoing unilateral elective arthroscopic knee surgery were randomly assigned into three groups in a double-blind placebo controlled study. The intrathecal dexmedetomidine group (IT) received an intrathecal block with intrathecal dexmedetomidine, the intra-articular group (IA) received an intrathecal block and intra-articular dexmedetomidine, and the control group received an intrathecal block and intra-articular saline. The primary outcome of our study was postoperative pain as assessed by the visual analogue scale of pain (VAS). Secondary outcomes included the effect of dexmedetomidine on total postoperative analgesic use and time to the first analgesic request, hemodynamics, sedation, postoperative nausea and vomiting, patient satisfaction, and postoperative C-reactive protein (CRP) levels. RESULTS: Dexmedetomidine administration decreased pain scores for 4 h in both the intrathecal and intra-articular groups, compared to only 2 h in the control patient group. Furthermore, there was a significant reduction in pain scores for 6 h in the intra-articular group. The time to the first postoperative analgesia request was longer in the intra-articular group compared to the intrathecal and control groups. The total meperidine requirement was significantly lower in the intra-articular and intrathecal groups than in the control group. CONCLUSIONS: Both intrathecal and intra-articular dexmedetomidine enhanced postoperative analgesia after arthroscopic knee surgery. Less total meperidine was required with intra-articular administration to extend postoperative analgesia to 6 h with hemodynamic stability.
Subject(s)
Humans , Analgesia , Arthroscopy , Bupivacaine , C-Reactive Protein , Dexmedetomidine , Hemodynamics , Knee , Meperidine , Pain, Postoperative , Patient Satisfaction , Postoperative Nausea and VomitingABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the analgesic efficacy of ultrasound?guided adductor canal blockade (ACB)after minor arthroscopic knee surgery. Methods Sixty patients undergone minor arthroscopic knee surgery were randomly divided into group ACB(n=20)and group Control(n=20). All patients received spinal anesthesia. The patients in group ACB received ultrasound?gGuided ACB with 20 ml 0.5% ropivacaine,and patients in group Control received 20 ml saline after the surgery. In addition ,all patients have a basic analgesic regimen with etoricoxib. Visual analogue scales(VAS) during rest and passive movement ,additional analgesic dose and side effects were recorded at 4,8,12,24 h Post?operation. At 24 h post?operation,the numbers of patients who can walk for 5 meters were recorded. Results VAS during rest and movement at 4 h,8 h and 12 h post?operation in group ACB were significantly lower than those in group Control. And all patients could walk 5m at 24 h post?operation. No headache,nausea and vomiting,urinary retention and other adverse reactions were observed in group ACB. There were four patients who received additional analgesic and one patient vomitted. Conclusions Significant analgesic effect of the ACB could be detected after minor arthroscopic knee surgery ,with less reduction in requirements for supplemental opioids.
ABSTRACT
ABSTRACT BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The aim of the study was to compare the block characteristics and clinical effects of dextrose added to levobupivacaine solutions at different concentrations to provide unilateral spinal anaesthesia in lower extremity surgery. METHODS: This prospective, randomised, double-blind study comprised 75 ASA I-II risk patients for whom unilateral total knee arthroscopy was planned. The patients were assigned to three groups: in Group I, 60 mg dextrose was added to 7.5 mg of 0.5% levobupivacaine, in Group II, 80 mg and in Group III, 100 mg. Spinal anaesthesia was applied to the patient in the lateral decubitus position with the operated side below and the patient was kept in position for 10 min. RESULTS: The time for the sensorial block to achieve T12 level was slower in Group I than in Groups II and III (p < 0.05, p< 0.00). The time to full recovery of the sensorial block was 136 min in Group I, 154 min in Group II and 170 min in Group III. The differences were statistically significant (p < 0.05). The mean duration of the motor block was 88 min in Group I, 105 min in Group II, and 139 min in Group III and the differences were statistically significant (p < 0.05). The time to urination in Group I was statistically significantly shorter than in the other groups (p < 0.00). CONCLUSIONS: The results of the study showed that together with an increase in density, the sensory and motor block duration was lengthened. It can be concluded that 30 mg mL-1 concentration of dextrose added to 7.5 mg levobupivacaine is sufficient to provide unilateral spinal anaesthesia in day-case arthroscopic knee surgery.
RESUMO JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: Comparar as características do bloqueio e os efeitos clínicos da adição de dextrose às soluções de levobupivacaína em diferentes concentrações para proporcionar raquianestesia unilateral em cirurgia de extremidade inferior. MÉTODOS: Estudo prospectivo, randômico e duplo-cego conduzido com 75 pacientes, estado físico ASA I-II, programados para artroplastia unilateral total do joelho. Os pacientes foram divididos em três grupos: no Grupo-I, 60 mg de dextrose foram adicionados a 7,5 mg de levobupivacaína a 0,5%; no Grupo II, 80 mg e no Grupo III, 100 mg. A raquianestesia foi aplicada ao paciente posicionado em decúbito lateral, com o lado operado abaixo, e o paciente foi mantido em posição durante 10 minutos. RESULTADOS: O tempo para o bloqueio sensorial atingir o nível T12 foi mais lento no Grupo-I do que nos grupos II e III (p < 0,05,p < 0,00). O tempo de recuperação total do bloqueio sensorial foi de 136 minutos no Grupo-I, 154 minutos no Grupo-II e 170 minutos no Grupo III. As diferenças foram estatisticamente significativas (p < 0,05). A média da duração do bloqueio motor foi de 88 minutos no Grupo-I, 105 minutos no Grupo-II e 139 minutos no Grupo-III e as diferenças foram estatisticamente significativas (p< 0,05). O tempo de micção foi significativamente menor no Grupo-I do que nos outros grupos (p < 0,00). CONCLUSÕES: Os resultados do estudo mostraram que, junto com um aumento da densidade, a duração dos bloqueios sensorial e motor foi prolongada. Pode-se concluir que uma concentração 30 mg mL-1 de dextrose adicionada a 7,5 mg de levobupivacaína é suficiente para proporcionar raquianestesia unilateral para artroscopia do joelho em regime ambulatorial.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Young Adult , Arthroscopy/methods , Bupivacaine/analogs & derivatives , Glucose/administration & dosage , Anesthesia, Spinal/methods , Time Factors , Bupivacaine/administration & dosage , Double-Blind Method , Prospective Studies , Dose-Response Relationship, Drug , Levobupivacaine , Knee Joint/surgery , Anesthetics, Local/administration & dosage , Middle AgedABSTRACT
To ascertain the coronal angles for the femoral and tibial tunnels that provide the best postoperative result from anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction surgery, through assessing the variables of the IKDC and Lysholm-Tegner questionnaires and the hop test. METHODS: Sixteen patients with a single unilateral ACL injury who underwent this surgery between 24 and 36 months earlier were evaluated. They were divided into four groups in which the tibial and femoral tunnel angles were greater than or less than 65° in the coronal plane. RESULTS: The results demonstrated that a more vertical angle for the tibial tunnel (72°) and a more horizontal angle for the femoral tunnel (60°), with valgus alignment of 12° correlated with the best values for the variables studied. This may indicate that the long-term results from this surgery are excellent. CONCLUSION: A more horizontal femoral angle and a more vertical tibial angle produced better assessments in the tests that were applied and in the functional results evaluated...
Averiguar qual a angulação coronal dos túneis femoral e tibial que proporciona o melhor resultado no pós-operatório de cirurgia de reconstrução do LCA. As variáveis avaliadas foram os questionários IKDC e Lysholm-Tegner e o Hop-Test. MÉTODOS: Foram analisados 16 pacientes com pós-operatório entre 24 e 36 meses, com lesão isolada unilateral do LCA. Foram divididos em quatro grupos, nos quais os ângulos dos túneis tibial e femoral foram menores ou maiores do que 65° no plano coronal. RESULTADOS: A angulação do túnel tibial mais verticalizada (72°) e do túnel femoral mais horizontalizada (60°) com o alinhamento em valgo de 12° relacionou-se com os melhores valores para as variáveis estudadas, o que pode indicar um resultado ótimo para a cirurgia em longo prazo. CONCLUSÃO: A angulação femoral mais horizontalizada e a angulação tibial mais verticalizada têm melhores avaliações nos testes aplicados e nos resultados funcionais avaliados...
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Adolescent , Neuromuscular Diseases , Osteoporosis , ScoliosisABSTRACT
Objective: To evaluate a series of patients who underwent surgery for reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament with flexor tendons, by means of the anteromedial transportal technique using Rigidfix for femoral fixation, and to analyze the positioning of the pins by means of tomography. Methods: Thirty-two patients were included in the study. The clinical evaluation was done using the Lysholm, subjective IKDC and Rolimeter. All of them underwent computed tomography with 3D reconstruction in order to evaluate the entry point and positioning of the Rigidfix pins in relation to the joint cartilage of the lateral condyle of the femur. Results: The mean Lysholm score obtained was 87.81 and the subjective IKDC was 83.72. Among the 32 patients evaluated, 43% returned to activities that were considered to be very vigorous, 9% vigorous, 37.5% moderate and 12.5% light. In 16 patients (50%), the distal entry point of the Rigidfix pin was located outside of the cartilage (extracartilage); in seven (21.87%), the distal pin injured the joint cartilage (intracartilage); and in nine (28.12%), it was at the border of the lateral condyle of the femur. Conclusion: The patients who underwent ACL reconstruction by means of the anteromedial transportal using the Rigidfix system presented satisfactory clinical results over the length of follow-up evaluated. However, the risk of lesions of the joint cartilage from the distal Rigidfix pin needs to be taken into consideration when the technique via an anteromedial portal is used. Further studies with larger numbers of patients and longer follow-up times should be conducted for better evaluation...
Objetivo: Avaliar uma série de pacientes submetidos à cirurgia de reconstrução do ligamento cruzado anterior com tendões flexores pela técnica transportal anteromedial com o uso de Rigidfix para fixação femoral e analisar o posicionamento dos pinos por meio de tomografia. Métodos: Foram incluídos no estudo 32 pacientes. A avaliação clínica foi feita com os escores de Lysholm, IKDC subjetivo e Rolimeter. Todos foram submetidos a tomografia computadorizada com reconstrução em 3D para avaliação do ponto de entrada e do posicionamento dos pinos do Rigidfix em relação à cartilagem articular do côndilo lateral do fêmur. Resultados: A média do escore de Lysholm obtido foi de 87,81 e do IKDC subjetivo, de 83,72. Dos 32 pacientes avaliados, 43% retornaram a atividades consideradas muito vigorosas, 9% a vigorosas, 37,5% a moderadas e 12,5% a leves. Em 16 pacientes (50%), o ponto de entrada do pino distal do Rigidfix foi localizado fora da cartilagem (extracartilagem), em sete (21,87%) o pino distal lesou a cartilagem articular (intracartilagem) e em nove (28,12%) ficou na borda da cartilagem articular do côndilo lateral do fêmur. Conclusão: Os pacientes submetidos à reconstrução do LCA com o sistema Rigidfix pela técnica transportal anteromedial apresentaram um resultado clínico satisfatório no tempo de seguimento avaliado. Entretanto, o risco de lesão da cartilagem articular pelo pino distal do Rigidfix deve ser considerado quando a técnica via portal anteromedial é usada. Outros estudos com maior número de pacientes e com um tempo de seguimento mais longo devem ser feitos para melhor avaliação...
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Young Adult , Middle Aged , Anterior Cruciate Ligament , Follow-Up Studies , Knee/surgery , Knee InjuriesABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: this study had the aim of assessing the quality of life among patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty (TKA). For this, the SF-36 and WOMAC questionnaires respectively were used to make comparisons with preoperative values. METHODS: a prospective observational cohort study was conducted, with blinded analysis on the results from 107 TKAs in 99 patients, between June 2010 and October 2011. The present study included 55 knees/patients, among whom 73% were female and 27% were male. The patients' mean age was 68 years. The SF-36 and WOMAC questionnaires (which have been validated for the Portuguese language) were applied immediately before and six months after the surgical procedure. RESULTS: the statistical and graphical analyses indicated that the variables presented normal distribution. From the data, it was seen that all the indices underwent positive changes after the surgery. CONCLUSIONS: despite the initial morbidity, TKA is a very successful form of treatment for severe osteoarthritis of the knee (i.e. more than two joint compartments affected and/or Ahlback classification greater than 3), from a functional point of view, with improvement of the patients' quality of life, as confirmed in the present study. This study presented evidence level IV (description of case series), with analysis on the results, without a comparative study...
OBJETIVO: avaliar a qualidade de vida em pacientes submetidos à artroplastia total do joelho (ATJ) com o uso dos questionários SF-36 (Medical Outcomes Study 36 - Item Short Form Health Survey) e WOMAC (Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index) e compará-los com os valores pré-operatórios. MÉTODOS: foi feito um estudo prospectivo, observacional, coorte com análise cega dos resultados, com 107 ATJ em 99 pacientes, de junho de 2010 a outubro de 2011. Incluídos no estudo 55 joelhos/pacientes: 73% eram do sexo feminino e 27% do masculino. A média de idade foi de 68 anos. Foram aplicados os questionários SF-36 e WOMAC, validados para língua portuguesa, imediatamente antes e seis meses após o procedimento cirúrgico. RESULTADOS: a análise estatística e gráfica indica que as variáveis tiveram distribuição normal. Observando os dados, verifica-se que todos os índices sofreram alterações positivas depois da cirurgia. CONCLUSÕES: a artroplastia total do joelho, apesar da morbidade inicial, é uma modalidade bem-sucedida de tratamento para osteoartrite grave (mais de dois compartimentos articulares acometidos e/ou classificação de Ahlback maior do que 3) do joelho do ponto de vista funcional, com melhoria da qualidade de vida dos pacientes, dados esses confirmados nesta pesquisa. Nível de evidência IV, descrição de série de casos, com análise de resultados, sem estudo comparativo...
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Arthroplasty, Replacement, Knee , Knee/surgery , Quality of Life , Sickness Impact ProfileABSTRACT
The authors describe a rare case of a 28-year-old male patient, victim of motorcycle crash, with direct impact on the right knee, who sustained a bicruciate ligament fracture avulsion from the tibial side, dislocated and with large dimensions, without associated ligamentary lesions; he has undergone surgical treatment - open reduction and internal fixation, of the avulsions, and the follow up was at least six months, presenting good outcome using the Tegner -Lysholm scale.
Os autores relatam o raro caso de um paciente de 28 anos, vítima de acidente de moto, com trauma direto no joelho direito, que apresentou fratura avulsão das inserções tibiais dos ligamentos cruzados anterior e posterior, desviadas e de grandes dimensões, sem outras lesões ligamentares associadas, sem similar na literatura. O paciente foi submetido a tratamento cirúrgico com fixação das avulsões. Com seguimento ambulatorial de seis meses, evoluiu com bom resultado. .
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Anterior Cruciate Ligament , Fractures, Bone , Knee/surgery , Knee Injuries , Posterior Cruciate Ligament , TherapeuticsABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: Review of the literature concerning the subject and to compare the results of the technique we have been using with the ones reported on the literature. METHODS: This is a retrospective, cross-sectional and observational study. We evaluated the records of patients treated surgically at the Hospital from Hospital Maria Amelia Lins January 1997 to January 2011.The following variables were considered: age, gender, side, degree of injury, mechanism of trauma, associated injuries, time elapsed between injury and surgical procedure, complications, range of motion and muscle strength. RESULTS: Five patients underwent surgical treatment with the use of autograft semitendinosus and gracilis tendons and V-Y quadricepsplasty. Regarding gender, there was a male predominance (80%). The average age was 35.2 years old. The right side was the most affected (60%). The predominant mechanism of injury was motorcycle accident (80%). All patients had a complete tendon lesion. Time between injury and surgery averaged 10.4 months. Four patients (80%) had had associated injuries. In all patients muscle strength was satisfactory (M4/M5). Wound dehiscence was observed in 01 patient. Average postoperative range of motion was 110°. CONCLUSIONS: These are rare lesions. Stretching the quadriceps is essential to decrease the tension to the reconstructed patellar ligament and patellofemoral joint. Use of a quadriceps transtendon tunnel is an option to prevent fractures. Hypotrophy of the quadriceps is inevitable, however, the resulting force is sufficient for daily ...
OBJETIVO: Fazer revisão da literatura pertinente ao tema e comparar os resultados da técnica por nós usada com as vigentes na literatura atual. MÉTODOS : Trata-se de estudo retrospectivo, transversal e observacional. Avaliaram-se os prontuários dos pacientes tratados cirurgicamente no Hospital Maria Amélia Lins de janeiro de 1997 a janeiro de 2011. As seguintes variáveis foram consideradas: idade, gênero, lado, grau da lesão, mecanismo de trauma, lesões associadas, tempo transcorrido entre a lesão e o procedimento cirúrgico, complicações, amplitude de movimento e força muscular. RESULTADOS : Cinco pacientes foram submetidos a tratamento cirúrgico com o uso de autoenxerto (ou enxerto autólogo) de tendões semitendíneo e grácil associado à quadricepsplastia em V-Y. Com relação ao gênero, houve predominância do masculino (80%). A faixa etária média foi de 35,2 anos. O lado mais acometido foi o direito (60%). O mecanismo de lesão predominante foi acidente motociclístico (80%). Todos os pacientes apresentaram lesão completa do ligamento patelar. O tempo transcorrido entre a lesão e a cirurgia foi, em média, de 10,4 meses. Quatro pacientes (80%) apresentaram lesões associadas. Em todos os pacientes a força muscular foi considerada satisfatória (m4/m5). Deiscência da ferida foi observada em um paciente. A amplitude de movimento média pós- operatória foi de 110º. CONCLUSÕES : São lesões raras. ...
Subject(s)
Humans , Knee/surgery , Knee Injuries , Patellar Ligament , Transplantation, AutologousABSTRACT
Objectives: The efficacy of combined lumbar plexus-sciatic nerve blocks was compared to epidural anesthesia in patients undergoing total knee surgery. Patients and methods: The study included 80 American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) Physical Status I-III patients (age range 18 to 65) undergoing knee surgery. The patients were randomly divided into one of two groups. Epidural anesthesia was performed in the epidural anesthesia (EA) group (n=40), and the lumbar plexus and sciatic nerves were blockedin the lumbar plexus-sciatic nerve blocks (LPSB) group (n=40). For each patient, onset of sensory and motor block, degree of motor block, sign of sensory block in the contralateral lower limb for the lumbar plexus-sciatic nerve blocks group, success in providing adequate anesthesia, hemodynamic changes, time of first analgesic request, and patient and surgeon satisfaction with the anesthetic technique were recorded. Results: One patient in the epidural anesthesia group and three patients in the lumbar plexus-sciatic nerve blocks group required general anesthesia due to failed block. There were no significant differences between the two groups regarding the success of providing adequate anesthesia. Eight patients in the lumbar plexus-sciatic nerve blocks group developed contralateral spread. The onset of sensory-motor block and the time of the first analgesic request were significantly later in the lumbar plexus-sciatic nerve blocks group than in the epidural anesthesia group. Although there were no significant differences regarding patient satisfaction with the anesthetic technique between the two groups, surgeon satisfaction was significantly higher in the lumbar plexus-sciatic nerve blocks group than in the epidural anesthesia group. Conclusion: The lumbar plexus -sciatic nerve blocks provide effective unilateral anesthesia and may offer a beneficial alternative to epidural anesthesia in patients undergoing total knee surgery.