¿Cuál es la historia detrás de las imágenes? Biografía e ilustración en la trastienda de un estudio de trayectoria

Resumen: Objetivo: Analizar los vínculos entre enfoque biográfico e ilustración, desde un paradigma interpretativo y siguiendo las directrices teórico-metodológicas del enfoque biográfico-narrativo. Metodología: Se incluye la interpretación de narrativas construidas por las y los investigadores, que se plasman en una imagen o ilustración gráfica que es ofrecida a quienes participan del estudio para su aprobación, seguido de una discusión teórica del lugar de la imagen en el contexto actual. El artículo describe el proceso metodológico de producción de estas imágenes, incluyendo un análisis de dos experiencias. Resultado: Las experiencias analizadas sirven de antecedente para el producto final de esta investigación, que reconstruye trayectorias y transiciones investigativas de exponentes de una disciplina. Se discute el proceso metodológico de producción de estas imágenes, de allí que esta propuesta de ilustraciones biográficas se plasme posteriormente en un libro-álbum que incluye dieciséis testimonios de trabajadores sociales. Conclusión: Se destaca la importancia de desarrollar un proceso reflexivo sobre las prácticas de investigación cualitativa y análisis de trastienda de los resultados de las investigaciones, incluyendo actividades de divulgación de la ciencia en formatos no académicos.

Resumo: Objetivo: Analisar as ligações entre a abordagem biográfica e a ilustração, a partir de um paradigma interpretativo e seguindo as diretrizes teórico-metodológicas da abordagem biógico-narrativa. Metodologia: Inclui a interpretação de narrativas construídas pelos pesquisadores, que são capturadas em uma imagem ou ilustração gráfica que é oferecida àqueles que participam do estudo para sua aprovação, seguida de uma discussão teórica sobre o lugar da imagem no contexto atual. O artigo descreve o processo metodológico de produção dessas imagens, incluindo uma análise de duas experiências. Resultado: As experiências analisadas servem de base para o produto final desta pesquisa, que reconstrói trajetórias de pesquisa e transições de expoentes de uma disciplina. O processo metodológico de produção destas imagens é discutido, razão pela qual esta proposta de ilustrações biográficas é posteriormente traduzida em um livro-álbum que inclui dezesseis testemunhos de assistentes sociais. Conclusão: Destaca-se a importância de desenvolver um processo reflexivo de práticas de pesquisa qualitativa e análise dos resultados da pesquisa nos bastidores, incluindo atividades de divulgação científica em formatos não acadêmicos.

Abstract: Objective: To analyze the links between biographical approach and illustration, from an interpretative paradigm and following the theoretical-methodological guidelines of the biographical-narrative approach. Methodology: It includes the interpretation of narratives constructed by the researchers, which are captured in an image or graphic illustration that is offered to those who participate in the study for their approval, followed by a theoretical discussion of the place of the image in the current context. The article describes the methodological process of producing these images, including an analysis of two experiences. Result: The analyzed experiences serve as background for the final product of this research, which reconstructs research trajectories and transitions of exponents of a discipline. The methodological process of production of these images is discussed, hence, this proposal of biographical illustrations is subsequently translated into a book-album that includes sixteen testimonies of social workers. Conclusion: It is highlighted the importance of developing a reflexive process on qualitative research practices and backroom analysis of research results, including science dissemination activities in non-academic formats.

Influencia de los datos enlazados en la generación y gestión del conocimiento / Influence of linked data in the knowledge generation and management

RESUMEN Objetivo: El propósito de este trabajo consiste en analizar la influencia de los datos enlazados en el proceso de generación y gestión del conocimiento. Metodología: A través del análisis documental y la hermenéutica del discurso, aplicados a la literatura especializada en el tema, se presentan los hallazgos teóricos obtenidos y se analiza la generación de datos enlazados en contextos organizacionales desde una perspectiva teórica. Resultados: El análisis teórico de la influencia de los datos enlazados en el proceso de generación y gestión del conocimiento, ha permitido identificar que la vinculación semántica de los datos disponibles en las organizaciones permite el descubrimiento de patrones de conocimiento que son generados por los recursos humanos de las entidades organizacionales. En este contexto, las bibliotecas son una entidad relevante para propiciar la organización, descripción, vinculación y acceso a los conocimientos que son plasmados en la memoria documental de las organizaciones. De esta manera, se plantean las competencias que el bibliotecólogo debe desarrollar para configurarse como un gestor del conocimiento. Conclusiones: La generación de datos enlazados en contextos organizacionales propiciará el desarrollo de un entorno digital con mayor significado y relevancia para las demandas de sus usuarios. Las oportunidades de desarrollo que ofrece la generación de datos enlazados para la gestión del conocimiento consisten en obtener propuestas innovadoras, como servicios y productos que se adecuen a las complejas demandas de información que los sectores especializados requieren satisfacer en el presente y futuro inmediato.

ABSTRACT Objective: The purpose of this work is to analyze the influence of linked data in the process of generating and managing knowledge. Methodology: Through documentary analysis and discourse hermeneutics, applied to specialized literature on the subject, the theoretical findings obtained are presented and the generation of linked data in organizational contexts is analyzed from a theoretical perspective. Results: The theoretical analysis of the influence of linked data in the process of generation and management of knowledge, has allowed to identify that the semantic linking of the data available in organizations allows the discovery of knowledge patterns that are generated by human resources of the organizational entities. In this context, libraries are a relevant entity to promote the organization, description, connection and access to the knowledge that is reflected in the documentary memory of the organizations. In this way, the competencies that the librarian must develop in order to become a knowledge manager are proposed. Conclusions: The generation of linked data in different contexts will promote the development of a website with greater meaning for the demands of its users. The development opportunities offered by the generation of linked data for knowledge management consist in obtaining innovative proposals that adapt to the high demands for information that specialized sectors need to satisfy in the present and immediate future.

Conceito e modelos de 'knowledge translation' na área de saúde / Concept and models of 'knowledge translation' in the health area / Concepto y modelos de 'knowledge translation' en el área de salud

O uso dos resultados da pesquisa e do conhecimento bem como a aplicação das descobertas científicas no mundo real não ocorrem de forma natural. Instituições acadêmicas e governos têm definido que a translação da pesquisa é uma prioridade para a saúde: as evidências científicas devem embasar as decisões para melhorar a saúde. Porém, a lacuna entre ciência e prática, os entraves naturais e criados entre elas mostram que a translação do conhecimento é um processo que precisa ser implementado. As formas de fazê-lo requerem atitudes do meio acadêmico e do ambiente político e de gestão, algo complexo e de difícil solução. Este artigo busca compreender o tema por meio da leitura de autores da área de saúde. Detémse com especial atenção na conceituação e nos modelos disponíveis, além de analisar como se dá essa passagem de evidências entre o campo da ciência e os responsáveis pelas tomadas de decisão e como estas são utilizadas.

The use of research results and knowledge as well as the application of scientific discoveries in the real world do not occur naturally. Academic institutions and governments have defined that the research translation is a priority for health: decisions should be based on scientific evidence to improve health. However, the gap between science and practice, the natural and created barriers between them show that the knowledge translation is a process that has to be implemented. The ways to do it involve attitudes in both academic, managerial and political environment, which are a issue quite complex and difficult to solve. This paper proposes to understand the topic by reading some authors of the health field. We give a special attention to the concepts, the available models and we analyze how the exchange of evidence between science and decision makers takes place and how the evidence is used.

El uso de los resultados de la investigación y el conocimiento, así como la aplicación de descubrimientos científicos en el mundo real, no ocurren naturalmente. Instituciones académicas y gobiernos han definido que la traslación de la investigación es una prioridad para la salud: las evidencias científicas deben respaldar las decisiones para mejorar la salud. Sin embargo, el intervalo entre ciencia y práctica, los obstáculos naturales y creados entre ellas muestran que la traslación del conocimiento es un proceso que necesita ser implementado. Las formas de hacerlo implican actitudes del medio académico y del ambiente político y de gestión, algo complejo y de difícil solución. Este artículo propone entender el tema por medio de la lectura de autores del área de salud. Nos detenemos en la conceptualización, los modelos, y analizamos la manera de intercambiar evidencias entre el campo de la ciencia y los responsables de la toma de decisiones y el modo como estas son usadas.

Healthy Hands: Development and Evaluation of a Knowledge Transfer Program

Abstract@#Introduction: Children in pre-schools are at high risk of getting infections due to overcrowding, minimal awareness of basic hygiene and lack of immunity against microorganisms. Hand hygiene practice should be started at home where parents set good example, followed by formal education in pre- schools, primary and secondary school. This study aimed to develop a comprehensive program on hand hygiene practice in pre-schools. This paper presents the developmental aspects of the program material and the results of its evaluation process in a selected pre-school. Methods: Stage of development involved preparation of song, lyric, video clip, infographic and tablet application. The module was introduced during an intervention day called ‘Healthy Hands’ day. The acceptance of the module was evaluated before and after the intervention day. Evaluation was done by assessing pre-school children by faceto-face interview about knowledge on hand hygiene techniques and routine, such as before or after certain activities. Results: We managed to compose a song in three languages (Malay, English & Arabic), produced a video clip, an infographic and tablet application. A total of 227 children participated. Post intervention evaluation showed significant (p<0.001) increase of knowledge for eight out of eleven handwashing steps. The knowledge on hand hygiene routine i.e. after toilet, after playing outdoor, after sneezing and after playing with pet was also increased significantly. Conclusion: This comprehensive knowledge transfer program significantly improved the children’s hand hygiene techniques and routine and is recommended to be integrated into pre-school curriculum.

Transferencia de aprendizajes desde el aula formal hacia la práctica clínica: una reflexión sobre la formación de fonoaudiólogos en Chile / Transferring learning from the formal classroom to the clinical practice: A reflection on the training of speech therapists in Chile

En el presente artículo se reflexiona sobre el proceso de transferencia de los aprendizajes desde el aula formal hacia la práctica clínica y sobre el desafío que implica esta tarea en la formación de fonoaudiólogos en instituciones de educación superior chilenas. Para ello, se inicia con un análisis sobre los tres niveles del sistema educacional actual en Chile, el macrosistema (modelo educativo general), mesosistema (modelo educativo asumido por cada una de las instituciones de educación superior) y microsistema (currículo adoptado por cada carrera universitaria), con el fin de entregar un marco referencial. Posteriormente, se describe el Modelo de Enseñanza para la Comprensión, se plantea evidencia de aplicación en instituciones de educación superior de Latinoamérica y se reflexiona sobre el aporte que significaría la implementación de este modelo para el proceso de transferencia de los aprendizajes. Por último, se plantean los alcances de esta propuesta y las posibles limitaciones en su ejecución.

In this paper, we present some reflections on the process of learning-transfer from formal classrooms to clinical practices, and the challenges involved for the training of speech therapist in Chilean higher-education institutions. We begin by analyzing the three levels of the current educational system in Chile: the macrosystem (general educational model), the mesosystem (educational models assumed by each higher -education institution), and microsystem (curricula adopted at universities), in order to provide a reference framework. Subsequently, we describe the Teaching Model for Understanding, we present evidence of application in institutions of higher education in Latin America and we reflect on the impact that the implementation of this model might have for the process of transfer of learning. Finally, we considerthe scope of the proposal and the possible limitations in its execution.

Research system for medical knowledge transfer / 中华医学图书情报杂志

The theoretical system for medical knowledge transfer was studied by analyzing its main research researchers,bodies and contents presenting in different databases-covered papers on medical knowledge transfer from 2005 to 2015,which showed that the main researches on medical knowledge transfer are focused on individuals,teams,organizations and leagues,the main research bodies are doctors,nurses,medical and non-medical staff,patients and their mangers and educators,and the main research contents are the influencing factors and implementation mechanisms for medical knowledge transfer.Although foreign and domestic researches on medical knowledge transfer showed certain differences with some limitations,they are of great importance for perfecting its theoretical system and practical implementation.

Acquisition of orthographic knowledge: orthographic representations and context sensitive rules / Desarrollo de conocimiento ortográfico en niños: formación de representaciones ortográficas y aprendizaje de reglas contextúales

Resumen En este estudio se analizó el desarrollo de conocimiento ortográfico de niños en el marco de un programa de intervención de aulas educativas en el que participaron 74 niños argentinos que cursaban 3er grado de la escuela primaria y que fueron ubicados en dos grupos: 36 niños en un grupo de intervención y 38 en un grupo control. Con el grupo de intervención, se realizó una secuencia didáctica para promover la formación de representaciones ortográficas léxicas y sub-léxicas y el aprendizaje de reglas contextuales. La comparación postest entre grupos mostró un desempeño superior del grupo de intervención en la escritura de las palabras entrenadas. También se evaluaron ambos grupos en la escritura de palabras de transferencia, palabras no específicamente trabajadas en la intervención pero que compartían reglas ortográficas, sílabas o morfemas con las palabras entrenadas. Los resultados postest mostraron que el grupo de intervención escribió significativamente mejor que el grupo control las palabras de transferencia con las mismas reglas ortográficas contextuales pero no con las que incluían cadenas subléxicas idénticas a las de las palabras de entrenamiento. Se concluye que la intervención realizada benefició la transferencia de reglas contextuales pero no de representaciones ortográficas subléxicas para la escritura de palabras desconocidas.

Abstract This paper analyzed the acquisition of orthographic knowledge in 3rd grade, Spanish-speaking children. Participants were 74 Argentine children; 36 were included in an experimental group while 38 were part of a control group. The experimental group was engaged in classroom activities designed to promote the acquisition of context-sensitive correspondence rules and the establishment of orthographic representations of words, syllables and morphemes. Post-test comparisons carried out between the experimental and the control groups showed that the experimental group was significantly better in the spelling of all words trained in the program. Children were also evaluated in the spelling of transfer words, that is, words not specifically presented in the intervention program but which included the same rules, syllables or morphemes as the trained words. The experimental group outperformed the control group in the spelling of transfer words including the context-sensitive correspondence rules presented in the program. However, no differences were obtained between groups in transfer words comprising the trained syllables or morphemes. These results suggest that the intervention program was effective in promoting the transfer of newly acquired rules to non trained words but that the acquisition and transfer of syllables and morphemes may require additional processes.

Proceso y oportunidades de la transferencia del conocimiento desde la psicología comunitaria a las políticas públicas / Process and Opportunities for Knowledge Transfer from Community Psychology to Public Policy

La literatura reporta una creciente incorporación y participación de la psicología comunitaria en políticas públicas, que genera obstáculos, tensiones y posibilidades. Cobra relevancia académica y profesional analizar los antecedentes sobre transferencia de conocimiento desde la psicología comunitaria hacia las políticas públicas. Se revisa y expone literatura respecto de las condiciones que afectan el vínculo entre la producción académica y las respuestas a los problemas sociales desde la perspectiva de las deliberative politcs, del proceso de encuentro y de la lucha de interpretaciones de actores como factor de cambio de las políticas públicas. Desde la psicología comunitaria, se analiza la complejidad de transferencia del conocimiento hacia las políticas públicas, concluyendo con recomendaciones para potenciar la contribución y comprender las tensiones reportadas.

The literature reports the growing incorporation and participation of community psychology on public policies, and considering the obstacles and tensions in this relationship as reported by literature,-it is both academically and professionally relevant to review the knowledge transfer from the academia to the policy making process. We review a body of literature regarding the link between academic production and the response to social problems, emphasizing the deliberative politics approach, with a description of stakeholders'confluent and conflicting interpretations as a factor of change for public policies. We also review the literature regarding the complexity of knowledge transfer from community psychology to public policy, as reported by this discipline, concluding with recommendations for enhancing its contribution and to understand the tensions reported.

Evidence-Based Public Health: Barriers and Facilitators to the Transfer of Knowledge into Practice.

This paper underscores some of the barriers and facilitators in the practice of evidence-based public health (EBPH). A large body of evidence-based interventions (EBIs) exists, which has been generated through highly robust systematic reviews. These EBIs have been widely disseminated and promoted by public health researchers and the World Health Organization (WHO) as effective public health interventions against various preventable/treatable diseases. The inability of many low- and middle-income countries to contextually adapt and effectively implement evidenceinformed interventions (EBIs) has been identifi ed as a major obstacle to progress in achieving Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). Hence, it is imperative to identify and understand the factors that are detrimental to the successful transfer of evidence into policy as well as practice. This paper discusses how factors such as political, contextual, and organizational factors; nature of evidence; and community participation infl uence the practice of EBPH.

Research on doctor intention and patient demand of doctor-patient knowledge transfer based on cognition theory / 中华医院管理杂志

Objective To compare the differences between doctor knowledge transfer willingness and patient knowledge transfer demand,and propose matching behavior model of Doctor-Patient knowledge transfer.Methods Useing empirical analysis through questionnaire survey,tests and verities investigate data's reliability,validity.Significant test of the differences between doctor knowledge transfer willingness and patient knowledge transfer demand is conducted with ANOVA,and the detail relationship is conducted by comparison of the average values.Results Patient knowledge transfer demand is much higher than doctor knowledge transfer willingness.What' s more,this paper divides content of Doctor Patient knowledge transfer into four kinds:high doctor intention-high patient demand,high doctor intention-low patient demand,low doctor intention-high patient demand,low doctor intention-low patient demand.Conclusions Mismatching of doctor knowledge transfer willingness and patient knowledge transfer demand is the main reason of medical information asymmetry.Doctor-Patient knowledge transfer strategies are suggested based on the performance features of the four groups.

Patient-trust-based patients classification and the management strategy / 中华医院管理杂志

Doctor-patient trust plays an important role in doctor-patient knowledge transfer.Investigating the basic features and trust performance of the patients, the authors classified by means of a cluster analysis, the patients into four groups with such criteria as the trust on hospital, trust on doctors, patient's awareness of the knowledge, and patient's compliance to the doctor's advice. The four groups are rational and suspicious, passive compliance, high self-confidence, and blind trust groups. In view of behavioral characteristics of the patients, different doctor-patient knowledge transfer strategies are suggested, in an effort to perform effective doctor-patient communication and to gain patient's trust.

Research on the strategy of doctor-patient knowledge transfer based on patient preference / 中华医院管理杂志

Doctor-Patient knowledge transfer plays an important role in clinical service.In an evidence-based investigation on their basic features and preference,patients investigated fall into six categories according four influence factors.These factors comprise,set as the criteria,information preference,decision-making preference,perceived severity of disease and influence of reference group.The six groups are the contradiction group,reactive group,ego group,decision preference group,total equality group,and positive group.Doctor-Patient knowledge transfer stategiea are suggested based on the preference features of the six groups.These strategies serve as references and paramedics for doctors to perform effective doctor-patient communication.

Importation et destin de la première théorie des germes au Mexique: développement des premières recherches sur la fièvre jaune dans les années 1880 / Importation and destination of the first germ theory in Mexico: development of the first researches into yellow fever in the 1880s

Ce travail s'inscrit dans le cadre de la discussion du transfert de connaissances entre l'Occident et l'Amérique latine, le Mexique en particulier. Nous essayerons de montrer les enjeux internationaux et locaux qui ont encouragé l'importation de la théorie des germes au Mexique pendant les années 1880. Par ailleurs, on montrera quelles ont été les difficultés conceptuelles et matérielles pour incorporer la théorie des germes et les techniques bactériologiques encore en train de se bâtir en Europe. Au moyen de deux exemples, on essayera de mettre en évidence les intentions politiques des médecins mexicains, à l'origine de l'étude des maladies infectieuses au Mexique.

This article aims to contribute to discussions about knowledge transfer between the West and Latin America, especially Mexico. We seek to show the international and local efforts to foster the importation of germ theory during the 1880s. We also highlight the conceptual and material hurdles which stood in the way of the incorporation of this theory and bacteriology techniques at a time when they were still being developed in Europe. Two examples are given as evidence of the political motivations of Mexican physicians in studying infectious diseases in that country.