Relationship between health risk behaviors, oral health-related behaviors, and experiences of oral symptoms in Korean adolescents: based on 2018 Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey / 대한구강보건학회지

OBJECTIVES: This study investigates the relationship between risky health behaviors, occurrence of oral symptoms, and oral health-related behaviors. METHODS: The subjects were 60,040 adolescents selected from the web-based survey from the 2018 Korean Youth Health Behavior of Korean Center for Disease Control. The data were analyzed using a combined sample analysis method. The software SPSS version 12.0 was used to conduct the analyses. RESULTS: 1. Men were observed to partake in risky health behavior at significantly higher rates than were women in terms of smoking, drinking, drugs, and sexual intercourse. Our data showed the percentages of men taking part in these behaviors to be 21.1%, 46.4%, 1.3%, and 7.6%, respectively (P<0.01). 2. Of all subjects, 49.1% brushed their teeth more than three times a day, and 43.6% brushed more than twice a day. Further, a significantly higher number of men (46.0%) did not brush their teeth after lunch compared with women (29.1%) (P<0.01). 3. Of all subjects, 52.9% had developed oral symptoms in the previous year. The rate of women experiencing oral symptoms was significantly higher, at 58.1%, compared with men (48.1%, P<0.01). 4. Risky health behavior, such as smoking, drinking, drugs, and sexual intercourse, was significantly associated with occurrence of oral symptoms (P<0.01). Those that had not partaken in smoking, drinking, and sexual intercourse were significantly lower by 0.73, 0.87, and 0.89 times, respectively, compared with those that responded with “yes” (P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS: We have evaluated the rates of risky health and oral health-related behavior in Korean youth and identify their association with the oral symptoms. It is essential to understand the risks of oral diseases so that appropriate oral health education can be provided to adolescents for promoting behavioral changes.

Sugar-sweetened beverage consumption and influencing factors in Korean adolescents: based on the 2017 Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey / 한국영양학회지

PURPOSE: This study examined the frequency of sugar-sweetened beverage consumption in Korean adolescents and the major factors influencing the excessive consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages, such as sociodemographic characteristics, health-related behaviors, psychological characteristics, and dietary habits. METHODS: The analysis was performed using the data from the 2017 Korean Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey. The subjects included in the analysis were 30,885 middle school students and 31,391 high school students, totaling 62,276. The frequency of sugar-sweetened beverage consumption was calculated by summing the consumption frequencies of soda, high caffeine or energy drinks, and sweet beverages over the last 7 days. The Rao-Scott chi-square test, reflecting information on the sampling design, was used to test the differences in the rate of sugar-sweetened beverage consumption according to each factor. Logistic regression analysis was performed to examine the factors influencing the excessive consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages. RESULTS: The rate of sweetened beverage consumption was higher in boys than in girls, in high school students than in middle school students, in students whose father's education level was lower, in those whose subjective academic performance was lower, and in those who smoked or consumed alcohol. In addition, the rate of sugar-sweetened beverage consumption was higher in those who experienced severe stress, suicidal ideation, sadness, or a sense of despair. The rate of sugar-sweetened beverage consumption was also high in those who skipped breakfast; who frequently consumed fast foods, ramen, or snacks; and who frequently ate meals at convenience stores, supermarkets, or school stores. CONCLUSION: The rate of sugar-sweetened beverage consumption in Korean adolescents is related to various factors, such as sociodemographic characteristics, health-related behaviors, psychological characteristics, and dietary habits.

Differences in smoking and tooth brushing habits among general high school and vocational high school students / 대한구강보건학회지

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to investigate differences in smoking and toothbrushing habits between vocational and general high school students, using data from the 10th Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey. METHODS: This study performed a complex samples cross-tabulation analysis and multivariate logistic regression analysis to identify differences in smoking and brushing habits according to the school type on 35,904 students from 400 sample high schools. The final model of logistic regression analysis was adjusted for gender, grade, subjective socioeconomic status, paternal education, and maternal education. RESULTS: The risks of having experienced smoking and current smoking among vocational high school students were 2.3 times and 2.8 times higher compared with general high school students, respectively (P < 0.001). The risks of brushing teeth less than 3 times a day and not brushing teeth after lunch were 1.4 times and 2.0 times higher compared with general high school students, respectively (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests the need for developing and implementing an oral health program that reflects the characteristics of vocational high schools to reduce the differences in smoking and toothbrushing habits between general and vocational high school students.

The relationship between pit and fissure sealant (PFS) experience and the socio-economic factors of adolescents before and after coverage by National Health Insurance (NHI) / 대한구강보건학회지

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to review the relationship between pit and fissure sealant (PFS) experience and the socio-economic factors of adolescents before and after coverage by National Health Insurance (NHI). METHODS: Our sources were the Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Surveys from 2008 and 2014. The variables used were PFS experience, demographic factors, socio-economic factors, and oral health-related behaviors. RESULTS: PFS experience was higher in 2014 than in 2008. The relationship between PFS experience and socio-economic factors was significant in both 2008 and 2014. Although the inequity of PFS experience among adolescents was reduced as PFS was included in NHI coverage, a disparity still exists. CONCLUSIONS: Even after NHI coverage included PFS, the policies to reduce the inequity of PFS experiences among adolescents should be further devised. In addition, a longitudinal study is recommended to determine the relationship between PFS experience and various socio-economic or behavioral factors.

Study on Food-Intake and Atopic Dermatitis among Adolescents: Findings from the Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey

The aim of this study was to explore the relationship between demographic characteristics and atopic dermatitis, along with adolescents' body mass index. Also, this study explored the association between dietary intakes (fruits, soda, caffeinated beverages, instant food, cracker, vegetables, and milk) of adolescents and atopic dermatitis. Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey for 2014 was used for data analysis, in which a total of 3,532,149 middle and high school students participated. Data were analyzed by descriptive analysis and logistic regression based on the complex sample design using SPSS ver.20.0 statistics. The results showed that males had a higher prevalence rate of atopic dermatitis than females. The significant association between body mass index and atopic dermatitis was found (F=46.625, P<0.001). Students who have higher levels of body mass index showed a higher prevalence rate of atopic dermatitis. Finally, the findings showed that the intake of vegetable and milk had associations with atopic dermatitis (F=6.795, P<0.001). Greater vegetable intake was associated with less atopic dermatitis whereas greater milk intake was associated with more atopic dermatitis prevalence. Based on the above results, we found that demographic characteristics, body mass index, and some dietary food intakes of adolescents had influences on prevalence rate of atopic dermatitis.

Sleep duration and school performance in Korean adolescents / Duración del sueño y desempeño escolar en adolescentes coreanos

Background This study investigated the relationship between sleep duration and school performance in Korean adolescents. Methods In 2012, 63 688 adolescents participated in the 8th Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-Based Survey (KYRBWS-VIII) project. The relationship between sleep duration and school performance was evaluated by multivariate logistic regression analysis after adjustment for covariate variables, including body mass index, age, parental education, economic status, mental stress, smoking, alcohol consumption, breakfast patterns, and three measures of physical activity. Results For boys, but not for girls, 5-6 hours of sleep/night were related to average or better academic performance (OR: 1.094, 95% CI [1.011-1.182], p=0.025) compared to ≤4 hours/night. For both boys and girls, nine or more hours/night were negatively related to academic performance (boys: 0.657, [0.554-0.779; p<0.001]; girls: ≥9 hours/night, 0.664 [0.572-0.771], p<0.001) compared to ≤4 hours/night. Conclusion Whilst it may appear that five to six hours of sleep are necessary to maintain average or better than average school performance for boys, nine or more hours are detrimental to school performance for both groups. This study was limited by the following factors: data were collected only for weekdays and it is. Other sleep variables, such as quality of sleep and sleepiness, should be investigated for a further understanding of these results.

Antecedentes En este estudio se investigó la relación entre la duración del sueño y el desempeño escolar en adolescentes coreanos. Métodos En 2012, 63 688 adolescentes participaron en el octavo proyecto de Estudio de Conducta de Riesgo Juvenil Basado en la Red (KYRBWS-VIII, por sus siglas en inglés). La relación entre la duración del sueño y el desempeño escolar se evaluó mediante un análisis de regresión logística multivariada tras ajustar para las variables covariadas, incluyendo índice de masa corporal, edad, nivel educativo de los padres, posición económica, estrés mental, consumo de tabaco, consumo de alcohol, patrones en el desayuno y tres mediciones de actividad física. Resultados En el caso de los chicos, pero no así en el de las chicas, de cinco a seis horas de sueño por noche se relacionaron con un desempeño académico promedio o mejor que el promedio (R.M.: 1.094, 95% CI [1.011-1.182], p=0.025) en comparación con ≤ cuatro horas/ noche. Tanto para los chicos como para las chicas, nueve o más horas/noche se relacionaron de forma negativa con el desempeño académico (chicos: 0.657 [0.554-0.779; p<0.001]; chicas ≥9 horas/noche, 0.664 [0.572-0.771], p<0.001) en comparación con ≤4 horas/noche. Conclusión Para los chicos, de cinco a seis horas de sueño son necesarias para mantener un desempeño escolar promedio o mejor que el promedio, en tanto que nueve o más horas son perjudiciales para el desempeño escolar de tanto los chicos como las chicas. Otras variables del sueño, como la calidad del sueño y la somnolencia, deben investigarse para obtener una mejor comprensión de estos resultados.

Factors Related to Increasing Trends in Cigarette Smoking of Adolescent Males in Rural Areas of Korea / 예방의학회지

OBJECTIVES: Cigarette smoking prevalence among adolescent males in rural areas of Korea has increased in recent years. The aim of this study was to explore the factors related to increasing trends in cigarette smoking among adolescent males living in rural areas. METHODS: The raw data from the Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey from 2006 to 2009 were used. Data were analyzed by using the method of complex survey data analysis considering complex sampling design. Multiple logistic regression models were used to explore the factors affecting cigarette smoking. We evaluated the linear time trends in the prevalence of factors that were related to current smoking status and the linear time trends in cigarette smoking in groups stratified by the exposure to each factor using logistic regression models. Finally, we examined the contributions of the factors to the time trends in cigarette smoking by adjusting for each of those factors in the baseline regression models and changes in the adjusted odds ratio by survey year. RESULTS: A statistically significant increasing trend in smoking was observed after adjusting for the factors affecting cigarette smoking. Significant factors related to cigarette use were perceived stress, experience with depression, current alcohol drinking, exposure to secondhand smoke, and academic performance. The factor related to increasing trends in cigarette smoking was academic performance. CONCLUSIONS: Stress about academic performance is an important factor affecting the increase in cigarette smoking among adolescent males in a rural area of Korea.

Trends in Cigarette Use Behaviors Among Adolescents by Region in Korea / 예방의학회지

OBJECTIVES: Understanding recent trends in cigarette smoking among adolescents is important in order to develop strategies to prevent cigarette smoking. The aim of this study was to compare recent trends in cigarette smoking for adolescents living in rural areas, small towns and metropolitan cities in Korea. METHODS: The raw data from the Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey (KYRBWS) from 2005 to 2009 were used. Data were analyzed by using the method of complex survey data analysis considering complex sampling design. Logistic regression models were used to evaluate significant linear time trends in cigarette smoking. The indicators of cigarette use behaviors were 'current smoking rate', 'frequent smoking rate', 'heavy smoking rate' and 'smoking experience rate before 13 years of age'. All analyses were conducted according to gender. RESULTS: Statistically significant increasing trends in current smoking rate and frequent smoking rate were observed and borderline significant increasing trends in heavy smoking rate were shown among rural boys. Among metropolitan city boys, statistically significant increasing trends were also seen for frequent smoking. Statistically significant decreasing trends in current smoking rate were observed among small town and metropolitan city girls. Smoking experience rate before 13 years of age for rural girls decreased significantly. CONCLUSIONS: Cigarette smoking prevalence among adolescents in the rural areas has increased in the last five years especially among boys. Our findings suggest that anti-tobacco program for adolescents should be conducted primarily for those in rural areas.