Anti-anger Effects of Herbal Medicine: A Mini-Review of Rat Studies / 中国结合医学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To analyze the available data on the anti-anger effects of herbal medicines (HMs) as well as their underlying mechanisms in rat models.@*METHODS@#From 6 electronic databases [PubMed, EMBASE, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang, Oriental Medicine Advanced Searching Integrated System (OASIS), and Research Information Sharing Service (RISS)], relevant animal experiments were searched by using "anger," "rats," and "animal" as search keywords. The last search was conducted on November 22, 2019, and all experiments involving rat models of anger and treatment using HMs published until the date of the search were considered.@*RESULTS@#A total of 24 studies with 16 kinds of HMs were included. Most studies have used the "tail irritating method" and "social isolation and resident intruder" method to establish anger models. According to the included studies, the therapeutic mechanisms of HMs for anger regulation and important herbs by their frequency and/or preclinical evidence mainly incladed regulation of hemorheology (Bupleuri Radix, Paeoniae Radix Alba, and Glycyrrhizae Radix), regulation of sex hormones (Bupleuri Radix, Cyperi Rhizoma, and Paeoniae Radix Alba), regulation of neurotransmitters (Cyperi Rhizoma), regulation of anger-related genes (Bupleuri Radix, Glycyrrhizae Radix, and Paeoniae Radix Alba), and other effects. Overall, Liver (Gan) qi-smoothing herbs including Bupleuri Radix and Cyperi Rhizoma were the most frequently used.@*CONCLUSIONS@#This review found the frequent methods to establish an anger model, and major mechanisms of anti-anger effects of HMs. Interestingly, some Liver qi-smoothing herbs have been frequently used to investigate the anti-anger effects of HM. These findings provide insight into the role and relevance of HMs in the field of anger management.

Severe Ulnar Nerve Injury After Bee Venom Acupuncture at a Traditional Korean Medicine Clinic: A Case Report

This case report describes a severe nerve injury to the right ulnar nerve, caused by bee venom acupuncture. A 52-year-old right-handed man received bee venom acupuncture on the medial side of his right elbow and forearm, at a Traditional Korean Medicine (TKM) clinic. Immediately after acupuncture, the patient experienced pain and swelling on the right elbow. There was further development of weakness of the right little finger, and sensory changes on the ulnar dermatome of the right hand. The patient visited our clinic 7 days after acupuncture. Electrodiagnostic studies 2 weeks after the acupuncture showed ulnar nerve damage. The patient underwent steroid pulse and rehabilitation treatments. However, his condition did not improve completely, even 4 months after acupuncture.

Efectividad de la terapia Su-Jok en pacientes con dolor por espolón calcáneo / Effectiveness of the Su-Jok therapy in patients with pain due to heel spur

Se realizó una intervención terapéutica en 128 pacientes con dolor por espolón calcáneo, seleccionados aleatoriamente, quienes fueron tratados en el Departamento de Rehabilitación del Hospital General Docente "Orlando Pantoja Tamayo" en el municipio de Contramaestre, de la provincia de Santiago de Cuba, de enero del 2014 a abril del 2015, con vistas a evaluar la efectividad de la terapia Su-Jok. Se conformaron 2 grupos: uno de control, que recibió tratamiento convencional, y otro de estudio, en el cual se aplicó la terapia Su-Jok. Luego de efectuado el análisis estadístico mediante las pruebas de hipótesis de homogeneidad de la Χ² y de diferencias de medias (ambas técnicas con un error permisible de 5 %), pudo concluirse que la terapia Su Jok es efectiva para aliviar el dolor por espolón calcáneo, por lo que se recomendó promoverla para ello debido a su fácil empleo y bajo costo.

A therapeutic intervention was carried out in 128 randomly selected patients with pain due to heel spur, who were treated in the Rehabilitation Department of "Orlando Pantoja Tamayo" Teaching General Hospital in Contramaestre municipality, Santiago de Cuba province, from January, 2014 to April, 2015, with the aim of evaluating the effectiveness of the Su-Jok therapy. Two groups were formed: a control group which received conventional treatment, and a study group, in which the Su-Jok therapy was applied. After the statistical analysis was carried out by means of the homogeneity and hypothesis tests of homogeneity of Χ2 and the means differences (both techniques with a permissible error of 5%), it could be concluded that the Su-Jok therapy is effective to mitigate the pain due to heel spur, so it was recommended to promote it taking into account its easy use and low cost.

Terapia combinada de homeopatía y Su Jok en pacientes con herpes zóster / Combined therapy of homeopathy and Su Jok in patients with herpes zoster

Se realizó un estudio cuasi-experimental, de intervención terapéutica, en 60 pacientes con herpes zóster, que asistieron a la consulta de Dermatología del Hospital General Docente "Dr. Juan Bruno Zayas Alfonso" de Santiago de Cuba, desde julio del 2012 hasta marzo del 2014, a fin de determinar la efectividad de la terapia combinada de homeopatía y Su Jok, para lo cual se utilizaron pruebas estadísticas paramétricas y no paramétricas. Los pacientes fueron asignados aleatoriamente a 2 grupos; en uno se aplicó el tratamiento convencional (grupo de control) y en el otro, la terapéutica alternativa (grupo de estudio) Se emplearon los remedios homeopáticos Sulphur, Apis mellifica, Rhus toxicodendron y Daphne mezereum; las semillas de cardo santo para estimular los puntos de correspondencia de Su Jok y los medicamentos aciclovir, dipirona y difenhidramina. En la serie predominaron las féminas (38,3 %), los grupos etarios de 45-64 años (58,3 %) y la forma clínica intercostal (38,3 %); asimismo, los síntomas más frecuentes fueron el dolor, prurito y ardor, con primacía del primero (51,6 %). La terapia combinada de Su Jok y homeopatía mostró resultados similares (83,3 %) a los obtenidos con la convencional (86,6 %) y produjo mínimos efectos adversos (6,6 %).

A quasi-experimental study of therapeutic intervention in 60 patients with herpes zoster who attended the Dermatology department of "Dr. Juan Bruno Zayas Alfonso" Teaching General Hospital in Santiago de Cuba was carried out from July, 2012 to March, 2014, in order to determine the effectiveness of the combined therapy of homeopathy and Su Jok, for which parametric and not parametric statistical tests were used. The patients were randomly assigned into 2 groups; in one the conventional treatment was applied (control group) and in the other, the alternative therapy (study group) . The homeopathic remedies Sulphur, Apis mellifica, Rhus toxicodendron and Daphne mezereum; the thistle saint seeds to stimulate the correspondence points of Su Jok and the medications acyclovir, dipirone and diphenhydramine were used. In the series females (38.3%), the age group 45-64 years (58.3%) and the intercostal clinical form (38.3%) prevailed; also, the most frequent symptoms were pain, pruritus and ardour, with primacy of the first one (51.6%). The combined Su Jok therapy and homeopathy showed similar results (83.3%) to those obtained with the conventional therapy (86.6%) and it produced minimum adverse effects (6.6%).

Nurse Characteristics related to Level of Use of Essential Oriental Nursing Terms in Oriental Medicine Hospitals / 간호행정학회지

PURPOSE: This study was done to examine the level of use of essential oriental nursing terms and related characteristics among nurses in oriental medicine (OM) hospitals. METHOD: A cross-sectional survey design with convenience sampling was employed. Questionnaires were used to collect data from 315 nurses in seven university-affiliated OM hospitals. The questionnaire included 174 oriental nursing terms about actions, tests, drugs, and theories. Multiple regression analysis was performed to determine factors associated with the level of use. RESULTS: The response rate was 98.1% (n=309). Overall mean score for use of essential oriental nursing terms was 2.7(+/-0.7) on a five-point Likert scale. Significant factors associated with the level of use were workplace and knowledge of oriental nursing theory terms. Nurses who worked in nursing care wards and those who had a higher level of knowledge of oriental nursing theories had a higher level of use. CONCLUSIONS: These findings indicate that level of use of essential oriental nursing terms were below average. Educational programs to enhance knowledge of oriental nursing theories need to be implemented for nurses in OM hospitals, considering their workplace, in order to facilitate nursing data sharing and communication among healthcare providers.

Korean Traditional Medicines as Novel Drugs for Neuropsychiatric Disorders / 대한정신약물학회지

This paper reviews history of new drug development in Korea as well as researchs on development of new psychotherapeutic drug from traditional medicines or natural products in Korea. Korea has a long history of traditional medicine and accumulated knowledge of natural resources. However, only a few new drug have been developed from those natural products. Now many researchers in Korea are devoting themselves to test the possibility of natural products as antipsychotic drugs, antidepressants, anxiolytic drugs and cognitive enhancers. However, only a few graduates from traditional medical schools in Korea are engaging in research on developing new drug from natural products and they are not familiar to research methods of western medicine and pharmacology. For research and development of new drug from natural products or traditional medicines, many researchers should be trained for methodology of basic medicine, pharmacology, pharmacognosy, and oriential pharmacy. Government and pharmaceutical companies need to provide more investment for R & D for new drug from natural products including establishment of data base for component of traditional medicines and natural products, system development integrating information technology, bio-technology and nanotechnology, and international collaboration with advanced countries which have common interest in new drug development from natural products.

Education, Clinical Practice, and Research on Psychiatric Illnesses in Korean Traditional Medicine / 신경정신의학

OBJECTIVES: This study was aimed to obtain the basic information on how oriental psychiatric specialists have learned oriental psychiatry, have been trained as a clinician and have conducted recent psychiatric researches. METHODS: We reviewed textbooks, references and annual reports, which have been used and published at the Korean colleges of oriental medicine and the Ministry of Health and Welfare. We also applied detailed questionnaires to 30 oriental physicians for identifying the current situation of local oriental clinics. In addition, we inspected the reports related with oriental psychiatry from 2000 to 2004. RESULTS: The number of oriental hospitals and clinics was 8,638 (12.9% of the total number of hospitals and clinics), and 14,480 oriental physicians have been licensed in 2003 and 16,182 in 2005. Since 2003, 62 oriental psychiatric specialists have been produced. The number of national medical insurance claims for mental disorders from oriental hospitals and clinics in 2002 was 9.0% of the total number of claims. At local oriental clinics, 29.8 patients with psychiatric problems were treated monthly. 2.6% in men and 11.0% in women visited local oriental clinics due to psychiatric symptoms. One hundred fifty-one papers associated with psychiatry have been published during recent 5 years, and 54.7% of them were pertinent to case studies. CONCLUSION: The current status of oriental psychiatric education and training system could be rather inadequate to produce competent oriental doctors who can perform psychiatric practices. In addition, the objective and scientific research data should be accumulated to confirm the hypothesis and effectiveness of psychiatric evaluation and treatment of oriental medicine.

A study of HLA-DR polymorphism in four physical constitution groups classified by Korean traditional medicine / 대한내과학회지

BACKGROUND: In Korean traditional medicine, human beings are classified into 4 groups accordance with the characteristics of physical constitution, named; Taeum, Taeyang, Soum, and Soyang. Most of Korean traditional doctors believe that the back ground of pathophysiology is differ among each group in many diseases. HLA is the most polymorphic gene and related with human immune response. It has been used for determination of individual identification, genetic diversity and a study of disease association in different ethnic group. It has well known that the most human inflammatory disease which thought to have some autoimmune basis are in some way promoted by genes of the HLA region. The purpose of this study is to observe the distribution of HLA-DR genotypes in 4 types of physical constitution in Korean traditional medicine. METHODS: Three hundred and ten Korean subjects(Soyang : 58cases, Soum :142cases, Taeum : 92cases, Taeyang : 18cases) were enrolled for this study. Genomic DNAs extracted by phenol/chroloform were amplified with allele specific primers and determined by 2% agarose gel electrophoresis with ethidium bromide staining for analysis of HLA-DR polymorphism. RESULTS: The genotype frequency of HLA-DR in a total or 310 Koreans was DR1 ; 7.2%, DR 2; 10.5%, DR 3;1.7%, DR 4; 19.9%, DR 5; 11.9%, DR 6;19.9%, DR 7; 7.0%, DR 8; 10.6%, DR 9; 8.7%, DR10;1.9%. There was no significant diffrence of HLA-DR genotype distribution among four physical constitution groups classified by Korean traditional medicine. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that the classification of physical constitution in Korean traditional medicine is not related to HLA-DR genotypes.

The History of Korean Traditional Medicine / 의사학

Records of ethnic medicine in the Kokuryo, Baekjae and Shilla dynasties can be found in foreign literature, and evidence that a medicine unique to Korean was being developed in the Koryo dynasty can be found in Korean historical records. With the founding of Chosun, Hyang-yak medicine was established, and a medicine purely and uniquely Korean took root. The Chosun dynasty saw the development of a new form of medicine called Dong-Ui medicine, and an independent system emphasizing practicality was established as the new tradition of Korean medicine. Korean medicine continued in the Chosun dynasty without significant changes from the Koryo dynasty. However, tides of enlightenment brought Western medicine onto the shores of the Korean peninsula. Western medicine began to gain the recognition and trust of part of the royal court. Nonetheless, ordinary people still preferred Dong-Ui, Korean medicine, and they did not have a full understanding of Western medicine. As Chosun began to adopt enlightenment policies in the footsteps of Japan through the Kabo (1894) Revolution, Japan drove the Ching rulers out of the Korean peninsula and openly started interfering in Chosun's internal affairs. After repelling Russia, Japan's intervention in the Korean peninsula became even more aggressive, taking over Chosun's politics, diplomacy and military. Its encroachment on Chosun's sovereignty was at times even more cruel than during Japan's Meiji period.

Theoretical Considerations on the Taoistic Meditation, "Yang-Sheng-Sul" Focused on the Book of the Korean Traditional Medicine, Dong-Ui-Bo-Gam / 신경정신의학

OBJECTIVE: The basic concepts and methods applied in the techniques of Taoistic meditation, Yang- Sheng-Sul are analyzed and interpreted from the medico-psychological viewpoint with special reference to the descriptions on Yang-Sheng in the Korean classics of traditional medicine, Dong-Ui-Bo-Gam. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: 'Dong-Ui-Bo-Gam' has adopted mainly the Taoistic concepts of body as microcosm and concepts of three basic vital forces of Ching, Chi, Shen, three fields of Tan, the incorruptible essence and its circulating routes in the body. The Taoistic breathing techniques Bok-Ki and physical exercises Do-In are based upon the belief on the metaphysical views of body and life. The concepts of three vital forces Ching, Chi, Shen the nurturing of which is regarded as the ultimate goal of Taoistic Yang-Sheng are taken into consideration. These concepts can be comparable to the concept of 'psychoid function' in terms of Jung, the intermediator between soma and psyche. The concepts of Ch(n Shim(Heaven's Heart), Tao, Tan(the corruptible body), Tae-Shik(the fetal breath) represent the symbols of Self in terms of analytical psychology of Jung. Yang-Sheng-Sul can be regarded, in comparison with the Western alchemy, as an alchemical opus performed within the field of body by means of both imagination and physical exercises to achieve the state of immortality which is reflecting partly the symbolic manifestations of the self actualization in Jungian term. Authors also reviewed the results of experimental researches of Taoistic meditation on its physiologic effects and found the necessity for a more elaborated researches and investigations in this concern.

The opinions of doctors about korean traditional medicine and unification of medical care system

BACKGROUND: There were a lot of problems in the health care system of Korea, which was divided into Western and Korean Traditional Medicine since 1951. In 1976 WHO published program of The promotion and development of traditional medicine. In 1977, Korean Medical Association(KMA) asked unification of health care system to government. But there was no progress because there were the lacks of mutual respect and understanding be-tween doctors of Western and Korean Traditional Medicine. As one health care group competed with the other, so KMA proposed the unification of health system again in 1997. The objectives of this research are to analyze attitude and opinions of western medical doctors on Korean Traditional Medicine and to analyze the opinions on the unification of medical care system in Korea. METHODS: A list of western medical doctor in Seoul and Incheon was obtained from Korean Medical Association. We sampled 937 doctors by stratified random sampling method. We sent them a postal questionnaire with a prepaid return envelope two times during March and April 1997. Of the 937 questionnaire, 266 replies were received. We analyzed the preference score related referral, Korean Traditional Medicine education and unification of medical care system We analyzed the data by Chisquare test, t-test, ANCOVA. RESULTS: This study shows that the western doctors have negative attitude on Korean Traditional Medicine(M=1K8, SD=5.2). They thought Korean Traditional Medicine was not reliable because it was not scientific(79.4%). Doctor, who didn't take oriental medical education, preferred unification of health care system, but it was not statistically significant. Those who experienced oriental medical education used oriental medical treatment more frequently(F=1.17, p=0.04). The more positive attitude they have about Korean Traditional Medicine, the more frequently they refereed the patient to oriental medical doctor(t =3.57, p =0.0004). CONCLUSIONS: Western medical doctors have a negative attitude on Korean Traditional Medicine. Doctors, who did not have oriental medical education, preferred unification of health care system, but it was not statistically significant. In summary, the lack of mutual respect and understanding between doctors of the Western and Korean Traditional Medicine prevent unification of medical care system.