ABSTRACT
The purpose of this research is to determine a regression equation for estimation of stature from sitting height measurements. This research was carried out on 1623 subjects (830 male and 793 female) among the population of Kosovan adolescents. The stature and sitting height measurements were taken according to the ISAK protocol, and the data were analyzed statistically; the relationships between stature and sitting height measurements were derived using simple correlation. A comparison of the means of sitting height measurements between sexes was performed using a t-test, while a linear regression analysis was employedto examine the extent to which sitting height measurements can reliably predict stature. The results of this research study confirmed that sitting height reliably predicts stature in both genders of Kosovan adolescents and revealed a very useful finding for physical anthropologists and experts from related fields.
El propósito de esta investigación fue determinar una ecuación de regresión para la estimación de la estatura a partir de las medidas de altura sentada. Esta investigación se llevó a cabo en 1623 sujetos (830 hombres y 793 mujeres) en la población de adolescentes Kosovares. Las medidas de estatura y altura sentada se tomaron de acuerdo con el protocolo ISAK, y los datos se analizaron estadísticamente; las relaciones entre la estatura y las medidas de la altura sentada se derivaron utilizando una correlación simple. Se realizó una comparación de las medias de las mediciones de la altura al sentarse entre los sexos utilizando una prueba t, mientras que se empleó un análisis de regresión lineal para examinar hasta que punto las mediciones de la altura sentada pueden predecir la estatura de manera confiable. Los resultados de este estudio de investigación confirmaron que la altura sentada predice de forma confiable la estatura en ambos sexos de adolescentes Kosovares y reveló un hallazgo muy útil para antropólogos físicos y expertos de campos relacionados.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Young Adult , Body Height , Posture , Linear Models , Anthropometry , Probability , KosovoABSTRACT
The purpose of this research is to examine stature in both Kosovan sexes as well as its association with arm span, as an alternative to estimating stature. A total of 1623 individuals (830 boys and 793 girls) participated in this research. The anthropometric measurements were taken according to the protocol of ISAK. The relationships between stature and arm span were determined using simple correlation coefficients at a ninety-five percent confidence interval. Then a linear regression analysis was carried out to examine extent to which arm span can reliably predict stature. Results displayed that Kosovan boys are 179.52±5.96 cm tall and have an arm span of 181.29±7.02 cm, while Kosovan girls are 165.72±4.93 cm tall and have an arm span of 165.60±5.87 cm. The results have shown that both sexes made Kosovans a tall nation but not even close to be in the top tallest nations. Moreover, the arm span reliably predicts stature in both sexes.
El propósito de esta investigación fue examinar la talla en individuos kosovares de ambos sexos, así como su asociación con la extensión de brazo como una alternativa para la estimación de estatura. En la investigación participaron 1623 personas (830 hombres y 793 mujeres) . Las mediciones antropométricas se tomaron de acuerdo con el protocolo de ISAK. Las relaciones entre la talla y la extensión del brazo se determinó utilizando coeficientes de correlación simple con un 95 % de confianza. Se llevó a cabo un análisis de regresión lineal para examinar hasta qué punto la extensión de brazo puede predecir la estatura. Los resultados mostraron que los varones kosovares tienen 179.52 ± 5.96 cm de altura y tienen una extensión de brazo de 181.29 ± 7.02 cm, mientras que las mujeres kosovares tienen 165.72 ± 4.93 cm de altura y extensión de brazo de 165.60 ± 5.87 cm. Los resultados indicaron que los individuos kosovares de ambos sexos son una población alta, sin embargo las mediciones no se acercaron a poblaciones en las naciones de mayor altura. Además, la extensión de brazo fue predecible en cuanto a la estatura en ambos sexos.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Young Adult , Anthropometry , Arm/anatomy & histology , Body Weight , Body Height , Kosovo , Linear ModelsABSTRACT
The aim of this study was to investigate the sexual dimorphism in permanent maxillary central incisor in Kosovo Albanian population using crown linear diameters, crown module (CM) and crown index (CI). The study sample consisted of 204 dental students, selected from the Dental School, Faculty of Medicine at University of Prishtina, Republic of Kosovo. The measurements of mesiodistal (MD) and buccolingual (BL) crown diameters of left and right permanent maxillary incisor (MCI) were taken in a dental casts using electronic digital caliper Boss, Hamburg Germany, with accuracy± 0.01 mm. The descriptive statistics, t-test and percentage of sexual dimorphism in crown linear diameters and dental indexes of maxillary central incisor were calculated. The results showed a statistically significant difference in MD (p<0.01) and BL diameters (p<0.0001) of maxillary central incisor between males and females. BL diameter of maxillary central incisor showed greater sexual dimorphism (4.78 %) than mesiodistal diameter (2.76 %). CM presented with a higher level of sexual dimorphism (3.76 %) comparing to CI (1.89 %). The findings of this study demonstrated sexual dental dimorphism in crown linear diameters and dental indexes in maxillary central incisor in Kosovo-Albanian population.
El objetivo de este estudio fue investigar el dimorfismo sexual en el diente incisivo central superior permanente en una población albanesa de Kosovo utilizando diámetros lineales de las copas, módulo de corona (MC) y el índice de la corona (IC). La muestra del estudio consistió en 204 estudiantes de odontología, seleccionados de la Escuela de Odontología, Facultad de Medicina de la Universidad de Pristina, República de Kosovo. Se tomaron mediciones mesiodistales (MD) y diámetros bucolinguales (BL) de la corona de los dientes incisivos superiores permanentes izquierdo y derecho, en modelos dentales, utilizando un calibrador digital electrónico Boss (Hamburgo Alemania) con una precisión de ± 0,01 mm. Se calculó la estadística descriptiva, t-test y porcentaje de dimorfismo sexual en los diámetros lineales de coronas dentales y los índices del diente incisivo central superior. Los resultados mostraron una diferencia estadísticamente significativa en MD (p <0,01) y diámetros BL (p <0,0001) del diente incisivo central superior entre hombres y mujeres. Se observó un mayor dimorfismo sexual (4,78 %) en el diámetro BL del diente incisivo central superior, que en el diámetro mesiodistal (2,76 %). El MC presentó un nivel mayor de dimorfismo sexual (3,76 %) en comparación con IC (1,89 %). Los resultados de este estudio demostraron la existencia de dimorfismo sexual en los diámetros lineales de la corona dental y de los índices dentales correspondientes al diente incisivo central superior en la población albanesa de Kosovo.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Incisor/anatomy & histology , Sex Characteristics , Albania , Kosovo , Maxilla/anatomy & histology , OdontometryABSTRACT
Aims: Health literacy among older people has received little attention in transitional countries of Southeast Europe. Our aim was to assess the level and socioeconomic correlates of health literacy among older people in Kosovo, a post-war country in the Western Balkans. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: Kosovo, between January-March 2011. Methods: This nationwide survey, conducted in Kosovo in 2011, included 1753 individuals aged ≥65 years (886 men, 867 women; mean age 73.4±6.3 years; response rate: 77%). Participants were asked to assess, on a scale from 1 to 5, their level of difficulty with regard to access, understanding, appraisal, and application of health information. Subscale scores and an overall health literacy score were calculated for each participant. Information on socioeconomic characteristics was also collected. Results: Subscale scores of health literacy were strongly correlated with each-other (range of Spearman’s rho: 0.8-0.9). Mean values of the overall health literacy scores were significantly higher in men, urban residents, married individuals, the highly educated, and the better off participants. Conclusions: This may be the first report from the Western Balkans addressing health literacy in a population-based sample. Future studies in Kosovo and other settings in the region should provide further insight into the magnitude and socioeconomic determinants of health literacy which is an under-researched topic in countries of Southeast Europe.
ABSTRACT
Cephalic and facial indices are used to estimate the racial and sex differences. This study was carried out to establish standards for craniofacial variables and distribution of cephalic and facial indices in Kosovo - Albanian population. The study population consisted of 204 dental students (101 males and 103 females, aged 18 to 30). Four basic craniofacial variables (head length, head breadth, morphological face height and face breadth) were measured to obtained cephalic and facial indices. All measured craniofacial variables are considerably higher in males than in females (p<0.0001). In the Kosovo Albanian population brachycephalic type of head (44.61 percent) and hyperleptoprosopic type of face (63.34 %) prevail.
Los índices cefálicos y faciales se utilizan para estimar las diferencias raciales y de sexo. Este estudio se llevó a cabo para establecer estándares para las variables y la distribución de los índices cefálicos y faciales en la población de Kosovo- Albanesa. Se examinaron 204 estudiantes de odontología (101 hombres y 103 mujeres entre 18 y 30 años). Se midieron cuatro variables craneofaciales básicas (longitud de la cabeza, ancho de la cabeza, altura facial morfológica y ancho facial) para obtener los índices cefálicos y faciales. Todas las variables medidas craneofaciales fueron considerablemente más altas en los hombres que en las mujeres (p <0,0001). En la población Kosovo-Albania predomina la braquiocefalia (44,61 por ciento) y la hiperleptoprosopía (63,34 %).
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adolescent , Adult , Female , Young Adult , Face/anatomy & histology , Skull/anatomy & histology , Albania , Cephalometry , KosovoABSTRACT
Background: Obesity and depression are significant characteristics of people living in a state of chronic stress. Purpose: Our aim was to determine the characteristics of depression in obese people living in an insecure unstable environment. Materials and Methods: The case-control study was organized in two rural environments in Kosovo and Metochia, Serbia. The main criterion for selection of participants was that respondents were more than 18 years old and had a body mass index of 25 kg/m 2 or more. Other anthropometric parameters determined were body weight, height, body fat mass, hip and waist circumference and the waist/hip ratio. The sex, demographic characteristics, profession, marital status, social status, existence of comorbidity, and cigarette smoking habits were recorded, and the arterial blood pressure measured for all participants. In the form of an interview, all respondents answered 17 questions, based on the Hamilton scale for depression. Results: The group of depressed patients was dominated by women (P = 0.009). A significant difference (P = 0.007) was found in relation to profession. Depression was significantly more frequent in those without a regular income (P < 0.001). Depressed patients were significantly older (P = 0.017), more obese (P = 0.04), shorter (P = 0.0001), had a larger hip circumference (P = 0.039) and WHR index (P = 0.049) compared to patients in whom depression was not established. Conclusions: Depression is a significant characteristic in people living in an insecure environment, more common in women, without a permanent financial income.