ABSTRACT
Agroforestry systems are examples of soil exploration that is closer to the natural form of the forest, with intercropping of several species within an area, thus being sustainable alternatives. Therefore, the objective of this work was to evaluate the weed community in agroforestry systems in two ecosystems: solid ground and floodplain in the state of Pará. Such collections were made in eight areas, with about one hectare each, cultivated in agroforestry systems, four of which are on dry land and four on floodplains, in the rural area of Cametá-PA. Four plots of one square meter per area were randomly sampled, where the species were identified, counted, and taken to weigh to evaluate the weed community. Among the evaluated environments, the species that stood out the most in the solid ground environment was Kyllinga brevifolia, leading most of the evaluated indices. In the lowland ecosystem, the Brachiaria species purpuracens were the most relevant.
ABSTRACT
Objective: To prepare Kyllinga brevifolia total flavonols (KBTF) solid dispersion controlled porosity osmotic pump tablets, and investigate the effects of core tablets and coating on its in vitro drug release behavior, so as to optimize the formulation. Methods: Using KBTF solid dispersion prepared by solvent method as drug core to increase the dissolution of KBTF in vitro, the optimal forrmulation of KBTF solid dispersion controlled porosity osmotic pump tablets was selected via the single factor investigation and orthogonal design. Results: The optimal formula was as follows: osmotic promoter was sodium chloride 100 mg, content of PEG 400 was 150%, content of DBP was 20%, and rate of weight growth of coating membrane was 2%. Conclusion: KBTF solid dispersion controlled porosity osmotic pump tablets with optimal forrmulation can stably release drugs in 12 h and the accumulative drug release rate was more than 90%, whilst its in vitro drug release behavior was up to the character of zero-order drug release.
ABSTRACT
Objective: To prepare the solid dispersion of Kyllinga brevifolia total flavonols (KBTF) for improving the dissolution rate of KBTF. Methods: The solid dispersion was prepared by the melted and dissolved method with the carriers of PVP K30, PEG 6000, PEG 4000, and Poloxamer 188 and the in vitro dissolution of KBTF solid dispersions was performed. The structure of the solid dispersion was characterized by SEM and IR. Results: The solid dispersion prepared with PVPK30 as carrier is better to improve the dissolution than those with other carriers, and drug-carrier (1:2) is the best. The results of SEM and IR showed that KBTF in solid dispersion took amorphous form. Conclusion: The solid dispersion technology can significantly increase the dissolution of KBTF in vitro.
ABSTRACT
Kyllinga brevifolia Rottb., Cyperaceae, rhizomes have been widely used in the Paraguayan folk medicine as digestive, diuretic, sedative, tonic, antispasmodic and sudorific. The purpose of this study is to characterize the putative sedative, anxiolytic effects of the crude hydro-ethanolic extract (CEKb) and fractions of the rhizome of K. brevifolia, in male mice. The behaviour of mice was assessed in the open field, hole board, rota-rod and elevated plus-maze (EPM) test. Oral treatment with single doses of 10, 100 and 1000 mg/kg of CEKb and 10 mg/kg of ethyl acetate fraction (KbF-ethyl-ac) increased the duration of the sleeping time induced by pentobarbital. Oral administration of 1, 10 and 100 mg/kg of CEKb and 0.1, 1 and 10 mg/kg of KbF-ethyl-ac also significantly increased the time-spent and arm entries into open arms of the elevated plus maze (EPM) versus control group. These findings indicate that K. brevifolia exerts a weak sedative and an interesting anxiolytic-like effect in mice and suggest its potential usefulness for the treatment of anxiety in humans.