ABSTRACT
Alkaloids from Ba lotus seeds (ABLS) are a kind of important functional compounds in lotus seeds. The present study was designed to determine its hypertension prophylactic effects in the L-NNA-induced mouse hypertension model. The mice were treated with ABLS, the serum and tissues levels of NO, MDA, ET-1, VEGF, and CGRP were determined using the experimental kits, the mRNA levels of various genes in the heart muscle and blood vessel tissues were further determined by RT-PCR assay. ABLS could reduce the systolic blood pressure (SBP), mean blood pressure (MBP), and diastolic blood pressure (DBP), compared to that of the model control group. After ABLS treatment, the NO (nitric oxide) contents in serum, heart, liver, kidney and stomach of the mice were higher than that of the control mice, but the MDA (malonaldehyde) contents were lower than that of the control mice. The serum levels of ET-1 (endothelin-1), VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor) were decreased after ABLS treatment, but CGRP (calcium gene related peptide) level was increased. The ABLS treated mice had higher mRNA expressions of HO-1, nNOS, and eNOS and lower expressions of ADM, RAMP2, IL-1β, TNF-α, and iNOS than the control mice. Higher concentration of ABLS had greater prophylactic effects, which were close to that of the hypertension drug captopril. These results indicated the hypertension prophylactic effects of ABLS could be further explored as novel medicine or functional food in the future.
Subject(s)
Animals , Humans , Male , Mice , Alkaloids , Blood Pressure , Disease Models, Animal , Hypertension , Drug Therapy , Metabolism , Interleukin-1beta , Genetics , Metabolism , Mice, Inbred ICR , Nitroarginine , Nymphaeaceae , Chemistry , Seeds , Chemistry , Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha , Genetics , Metabolism , Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A , Genetics , MetabolismABSTRACT
Aim: To explore pharmacokinetics of NG-nitro-D-arginine (D-NNA)and NG-nitro-L-arginine (L-NNA)in conscious rats. Methods: The plasma concentration of D-NNA and L-NNA were determined by chiral ligand exchange method with capillary electrochromatography (CEC). Pharmacokinetic parameters were obtained using non-compartment model and were fitted using a computer program DAS. Results: The metabolism of D-NNA and L-NNA exhibited significant isomeric selectivity. The CL and T1/2 of D-NNA and D-NNA were(0.46 ± 0.02) ml·h-1·kg-1 vs (0.17 ± 0.03) ml·h-1·kg-1 (P < 0.05) and (1.44 ± 0.28) h vs (3.48 ± 0.41) h (P < 0.05), respectively. Unidirectional chiral conversion rate of D-NNA to L-NNA was (50.03 ± 8.5)%. Conclusion: The stereoselective pharmacokinetics of N G-nitro-arginine observed maybe due to the unidirectional chiral inversion of D-NNA to L-NNA.
ABSTRACT
Objective Whether combination of ganoderma spore and L-NNA(NOS inhibitor) could promote the neuronal survival and axonal regeneration in Clarke's nucleus(CN) and red nucleus(RN) following spinal cord hemisection was explored. Methods Thirty adult female rats were divided into control group,L-NNA group,low dosage of ganoderma spore group,low dosage of ganoderma spore+L-NNA group,high dosage of ganoderma spore group and high dosage of ganoderma spore+L-NNA group.L-NNA was intraperitoneally injected and high dosage of ganoderma spore was irrigated into the rat's stomach after hemisection of T11 spinal cord segment in high dosage of ganoderma spore+L-NNA group. Results Thirty days after spinal cord hemisection,the number of CN neurons was decreased and some neurons were expressing NOS on lesioned side of L1 spinal cord in control group.The number of CN neurons on lesioned side of L1 spinal cord was increased in L-NNA group and low dosage of ganoderma spore group,but the number of NOS-positive neurons was decreased.In low dosage of ganoderma spore+L-NNA group and high dosage of ganoderma spore group,the number of CN neurons was significantly increased and NOS-positive neurons were also significantly decreased on lesioned side of L1 spinal cord.In high dosage of ganoderma spore+L-NNA group,there were most CN neurons surviving and least NOS-positive CN neurons,and some neurons were labeled by flourogold on lesioned side of LI spinal cord.The density of RN neurons on lesioned side was decreased in control group and L-NNA group.The density of RN neurons on lesioned side was increased in low dosage of ganoderma spore group and low dosage of ganoderma spore+L-NNA group.The density of RN neurons on lesioned side was significantly increased in high dosage of ganoderma spore group and high dosage of ganoderma spore+L-NNA group.Conclusion Ganoderma spore or L-NNA can promote the survival of injuried CN neurons after spinal cord hemisection.Combination of ganoderma spore and L-NNA can better promote injuried CN neuronal survival and axonal regeneration.Ganoderma spore can also enhance injuried RN neuronal survival.
ABSTRACT
Objective To observe the changes of behaviour, NOS neurons, Nissl bodies and ultrastructure after L-NNA treatment of acute spinal cord injury in rats. Methods Using movement and incline plane(IP)score to observe hindlimbs movement of rats with spinal cord injury; NADPHd histochemistry, Nissl methed and electron microscopy were used for observation of changes of neuronal NOS, Nissl bodies and ultrastructure of three groups(normal control group, saline solution(NS)control group and L-NNA group). Re- sults 1. Changes of behaviour: Hindlimbs movement and IP score in L-NNA group is more potent than that in NS group(P