Effect of Arabic Gum as Prebiotics and Lactobacillus casei Shirota (LcS) as Probiotic on Oxidative Stress and Renal Function in Adenine–Induced Chronic Renal Failure in Rats

Objectives: This study aimed at assessing the effect of Gum Arabic as Prebiotics and lactobacillus casei shirota (LcS) as probiotic on oxidative stress and renal function in adenine–induced chronic renal failure in rats. Methodology: 70 male albino rats were divided into 7 groups and treated for 8 weeks as follows group 1: control basal diet group (BD), group 2: adenine in feed (0.75%, w/w), group 3: gum Arabic (GA) in drinking water (15%, w/v), group 4: lactobacillus casei shirota (LcS) 1 x 109 colony-forming units (CFU) supplement, group 5 adenine + GA, as before, group 6 adenine +(LcS) as before and group 7: adenine + GA+ (LcS) as before. Urine, blood and kidneys were collected from the rats at the end of the treatment for analysis of conventional renal function tests serum creatinine, urea, uric acid, sodium, potassium concentration). In addition, the oxidative stress markers serum and kidney glutathione and superoxide dismutase, serum catalase and malondialdhyde (MDA) were measured. Results: By the end of the 8 weeks of treatment, Adenine significantly (p <0.05) increased the concentrations of serum creatinine, urea, uric acid, sodium, potassium and serum MDA. In addition, the oxidative stress markers serum and kidney glutathione and superoxide dismutase, serum catalase was, significantly decreased. Treatment with (GA) and (LcS) significantly ameliorated these actions. The mechanism of the reported salutary effect of GA in adenine-induced CRF is associated with mitigation of the adenine- induced inflammation and generation of free radicals. Conclusion: The results suggest that that oral administration of gum Arabic and lactobacillus casei shirota could conceivably alleviate adverse effects of adenine induced renal toxicity (CRF).

The mediating effect of coping style on the relationship between looming cognitive style and anxiety and depression of university students / 中华行为医学与脑科学杂志

Objective To analyze the mediating effect of coping style on the relationship between Looming Cognitive Style (LCS) and anxiety and depression of university students.Methods 281 university students were investigated with looming maladaptive style questionnaire (LMSQ),simplified coping style questionnaire (SCSQ),Beck anxiety inventory (BAI) and Beck depression inventory (BDI).Results ① The differences between positive group and negative group in anxiety were significant in LCS ((62.67 ± 16.42) vs (52.56±11.23)) and physical threat of LCS((32.58±8.90) vs (26.14±6.40)) (t=2.97,P＜ 0.05;t=3.34,P＜0.05);and the differences were not significant in social threat of LCS(t=1.86,P＞0.05).The differences of the people in different degree of depression were significant in LCS and physical threat and social threat of LCS (F=11.635,P＜0.05;F=10.357,P＜0.05;F=4.774,P＜0.05).(②)LCS were positively correlated with anxiety and depression(r=0.257,P＜0.01;r=0.343,P＜0.01).Negative coping style was positively correlated with anxiety and depression(r=0.286,P＜0.01;r=0.299,P＜0.01),and positive coping style was negatively correlated with anxiety and depression(r=-0.176,P＜0.01;r=-0.248,P＜0.01).③ Positive and negative coping style partly mediated the relationship between LCS and anxiety and depression,and the proportions of mediating effects in total effects were 9.5％-21.8％,the variation for mediation explained the variance of the dependent variable were 9.5％-23.0％.Conclusion Coping style mediates LCS and anxiety and depression,and coping style are needed to be considered during intervening anxiety and depression of university students.

The influence from load strength on solute transport rate of lacunar-canalicular system in loaded tibia / 医用生物力学

Objective To study the influence from load strength on solute transport rate in lacunar-canalicular system (LCS) of loaded tibia using finite element method.Methods Based on micro-CT scan images of adult mice tibia, the finite element model of the tibia, which was regarded as being homogeneous biphasic-solute, was established by software of Mimics, Hypermesh and FEBio. The relationship between transport rate and solute diffusivity/load strength was obtained by setting 3 groups of different solute diffusivity (3, 15, 30 μm2/s) and load strength (0.2, 2.0, 5.0 N), respectively. By comparing the results from both fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) experiment and finite element method, the effect of load stimulation on transport enhancement was analyzed. Results The transport rate increased with the increase of diffusion rate and load strength. The results from finite element method were basically consistent with the solute transport rules by comparing data from FRAP experiment. Conclusions The research findings can provide some basis for load response and liquidity in deep area of cortical bone, and for further revealing the mechanism of bone regeneration.

Probiotics as efficient immunopotentiators: Translational role in cancer prevention.

Accumulating evidences indicate that some diseases are triggered by abnormalities of the gut microbiota. Among these, immune-related diseases can be the promising targets for probiotcs. Several studies have proved the efficacy of probiotics for preventing such diseases including cancers, infections, allergies, inflammatory bowel diseases and autoimmune diseases. Lactobacillus casei strain Shirota (LcS) is one of the most popular probiotics, benefits of which in health maintenance and disease control have been supported by several science-based evidences. This review summarizes human clinical trials with this probiotic against cancer development and also discusses the possible immunomodulatory mechanisms by which LcS exerts anti-cancer activity.

Evaluation of KRAS let-7 lcs6 Polymorphism in Korean Populations by Pyrosequencing / 체질인류학회지

A single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the 3'-untranslated region of the KRAS oncogene (rs61764370) was recently reported to act as a genetic marker for increased risk of developing human cancers. The frequency of the variant allele is 5.8% in world population, however, there is no study in Korean population with large cases. In present study, we evaluated the KRAS let-7 lcs6 SNP in Korean population for the first time. Genotyping was performed in 178 randomized subjects. DNA was extracted and SNP was evaluated by using PCR and pyrosequencing to identify the T or G allele of the KRAS let-7 lcs6 SNP. As a result, only T allele was found in all subjects and quantitative sequencing result showed that the proportion of G allele was extremely low. This study confirmed that KRAS let-7 lcs6 have only one allele system in Korean population by sensitive and quantitative pyrosequencing for the first time. Its clinical significance should be studied further.

Total Knee Arthroplasty with Rotating Platform Low Contact Stress(R): Minimum 3-Year Follow-up Results / 대한정형외과학회잡지

PURPOSE: To retrospectively evaluate the clinical and radiology results of total knee arthroplasty using a rotating platform Low Contact Stress (LCS(R)) Complete(TM). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Of 63 patients (82 knees) who had undergone a total knee arthroplasty with a rotating platform LCS(R) Complete(TM) between Jan. 2001 and Dec. 2002, 61 patients (79 knees) were followed up for more than three years and evaluated retrospectively. The average follow-up period was 3.5 years and the diagnosis in all cases was degenerative osteoarthritis. The average age at the time of surgery was 67.4 years, and no patient underwent patella resurfacing. RESULTS: The average active range of motion increased from 118degrees (95degrees-134degrees) preoperatively to 123degrees (100degrees-140degrees) at the last follow up. The average flexion contracture improved from 15degrees (0degrees-30degrees) preoperatively to 2degrees (0degrees-10degrees) at the last follow up. The average HSS knee score also improved from preoperative 64 points to 90 points at the last follow up. The radiology evaluation revealed a radiolucency rate of 10% in the tibia anteroposterior view and 9% in the femur. The complications encountered were two cases of a polyethylene liner dislocation; one in whom an open reduction was performed, and the other in whom the liner had been exchanged. CONCLUSION: A follow-up of the rotating platform LCS(R) Complete(TM) of more than three years yielded overall satisfactory results in the range of motion and function. However, there should be some concern regarding the development of polyethylene liner dislocation.

Total Knee Arthroplasty with Anteroposterior Glide Low Contact Stress(R) : Minimum 5-Year Follow-up Results / 대한정형외과학회잡지

PURPOSE: We report the minimum 5-year follow-up results of total knee arthroplasty with anteroposterior glide LCS(R) CompleteTM. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From June 1999 to June 2000, we performed sixty-two primary total knee replacements with the anteroposterior glide LCS(R) CompleteTM. Fifty-eight cases were followed-up for a minimum of 5 years. The posterior cruciate ligaments were preserved in all the cases. RESULTS: The mean Hospital for Special Surgery Knee Score increased from 62.9 points preoperatively to 88.6 points at the most recent follow-up. The mean knee score of the American Knee Society increased from 56.9 points preoperatively to 90.8 points and the functional score increased from 39.8 points to 76.8 points at the most recent follow-up. The mean flexion contracture decreased from 11.5 degrees preoperatively to 1.6 degrees and the range of motion with flexion increased from 103.5 degrees to 112.2 degrees. There was no loosening, osteolysis, or measurable polyethylene wear in any of the cases. We experienced dislocation of the polyethylene liner and guide arm in one case, but there was no revision surgery performed due to loosening or infection. CONCLUSION: Anteroposterior glide LCS(R) CompleteTM demonstrated excellent clinical and radiological results in polyethylene wear and osteolysis; but there was no increased benefit in ranges of motion compared with fixed-bearing implants. Further follow-up is needed to obtain long-term clinical and radiological results.

LCS mobile bearing knee system in Total Knee Arthroplasty

PURPOSE: The results of total knee arthroplasties using LCS mobile bearing knee system were analysed clinically and radiologically. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 57 total knee arthroplasties using LCS mobile bearing knee system were per-formed from July, 1995 to Dec.2001. There were 44 female and 10 male patients, and mean age was 66.4 years (41 years to 78 years). There were 55 osteoarthritic knees, and 2 rheumatoid arthritic knees. The average follow up period is 5.4 years (2 years to 8.3 years). ROM, and HSS knee score were analysed to evaluate clinical results. The tibiofemoral angle and radiolucent line were analysed to evaluate radiologic results. RESULTS: The preoperative mean flexion contracture is 6.8 degree, further flexion is 93.8 degree and HSS knee score is 51.3. The postoperative mean flexion contracture, further flexion and HSS knee score are improved to 2.1 degree, 124.1 degree and 88.4 respectively at final follow up. The mean tibiofemoral angle was improved from varus 5.8 degree to valgus 5.0 degree. The radiolucent lines were found in 2 knees, but the sum of the widths of the radiolucent lines was less than 4mm respectively, and were not classified as loosening. There was 1 post-operative infection case. The infection was treated with arthroscopic irrigation, IV antibiotics and daily irrigation with super oxidized soft water. There was not polyethylene dislocation or failure. CONCLUSION: LCS mobile bearing knee system showed excellent or good results clinically & radiologi-cally in short term follow up. To evaluate the radiological results of the wear and loosening of total knee arthoplasties using LCS mobile bearing knee system, continuous observation and analysis under the con-dition which excludes the external factor are necessary.

Total Knee Arthroplasty using LCS Mobile Bearing System

PURPOSE: We evaluated the efficancy of low contact stress (LCS) system in total knee arthroplasty by analyzing clinical and radiological results. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Total knee arthroplasty was performed on 194 patients with 280 knees by the senior author between January 1995 and August 2002, using the LCS system. We used the Hospital for Special Surgery knee rating scale, the range of motion, and radiographic evaluation. RESULT: The knee score was increased from average 48.4 points preoperatively to 84.8 points postoperatively. The flexion contracture was decreased from average 9.4 degrees preoperatively to average 2.8 degrees postoperatively. The further flexion was increased from average 102.2 degrees preoperative]y to 123.7 degrees postoperatively. The femorotibial angle was increased from average 6.2 degrees varus preoperatively to average 6.3 degrees valgus postoperatively. There were 3 fractures of meniscal bearing, 10 superficial infection cases, 3 deep infection cases and 2 peroneal nerve palsy. CONCLUSION: We reported that good and excellent clinical results (95%) were obtained in the patients who had arthroplasties with the LCS mobile bearing system.

Total Knee Arthroplasty with a Low Contact Stress Total Knee System / 대한정형외과학회잡지

PURPOSE: To analyze the clinical and radiographic results of LCS total knee arthroplasty patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 124 cases were analyzed clinically and radiographically, and were followed up for at least two years. Cases were divided into posterior cruciate retained group (36 cases) and sacrificed group (88 cases), and further divided into a patella resurfaced and unresurfaced group. Several factors such as pain at walking, ROM, H.S.S. score, flexion contracture for clinical evaluation were evaluated and femorotibial angle, radiologic component position, radiolucent zone according to the roentgenographic evaluation of American Knee Society were analysed. RESULTS: Femorotibial angles changed from a varus of 3.9 degrees (1-17 degrees) to a valgus of 7.3 degrees (4-13 degrees). H.S.S. scores were improved from 58.8 (38- 72) to 88.8 (79-99). Flexion contracture was relieved from 12.3 degrees (0-45 degrees) to 1 degrees (0-10 degrees) and further flexion of knee joint increased from 114.4 degrees (30-140 degrees) to 125.6 degrees (90-145 degrees). There was no significant difference in the H.S.S. or ROM scores of the PCL retained and sacrificed group, or between the patella resurfaced group and the unresurfaced group. There was no cases of complete radiolucency, no osteolysis and no component position change. CONCLUSION: According to the clinical and radiologic assessments, total knee arthroplasty using the LCS(R) system showed satisfactory clinical and radiographic results and no significant difference was observed between the PCL retained and sacrificed groups.

Mobile bearing joint in Total Knee Arthroplasty / 대한정형외과학회잡지

PURPOSE: To assess the clinical and radiological results of mobile bearing total knee arthroplasty using the LCS system and to analyse complications arising. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From Oct. 1992 to Dec. 1998, 135 cases of total knee arthroplasty was performed using the LCS mobile bearing system. Among those are evaluated 108 cases which were followed up for a mean of 4.8 years (3-9.2 years). Retrospective analysis was done by the clinical and radiological evaluations usinga ROM, tibio-femoral alignment, HSS score and radiological loosening. RESULTS: The preoperative mean HSS score (58.6) was improved to 89.5 at final follow up. Tibio-femoral angle changed from a varus of 3 degrees to a valgus of 5 degrees. Arc of motion was reduced from 121 degrees to 116 degrees in osteoarthritis and increased from 111 degrees to 118 degrees in rheumatoid arthritis. There were 16 cases of osteolysis, but no case provoked clinical problems or more than 4 points in the radiolucent score. Complications were one polyethylene dislocation and one intraoperative tibia plateau fracture. CONCLUSION: Mobile bearing knee system showed excellent and predictable clinical and radiological results at a mean 4.8 years follow-up.

Total Knee Arthroplasty Using LCS System

PURPOSE: We evaluated the efficiency of low contact stress(LCS) system in total knee arthroplasty by analyzing clinical and radiological results. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Out of 128 cases who underwent total knee arthroplasty with meniscal bearing type LCS system, eighty one cases who were followed up for more than two years were analysed. Average follow-up period was 32,6 months(24 months-48 months). The diagnoses were six cases of degenerative arthritis, eighteen cases of rheumatoid arthritis, and two cases of avascular necrosis. Clinical analysis were performed by American Knee Society Knee Score and Hospital for Special Surgery(HSS) knee score and radiographic analysis were performed by the Knee Society Roentgenographic Evaluation and Scoring System. RESULTS: Average preoperative flexion contracture was improved from 13.4 degrees preoperatively to 1.2 degrees at final follow-up and average arc of motion was changed from 107 degrees preopeatively to 108 degrees at final follow-up without significant improvement. American Knee Society Knee Score was improved from average 55.2 preoperatively to 88.5 at final follow-up. HSS knee score also showed improvement from average 58.2 to 86.5. Tibio-femoral angle was improved from 6.3 degrees of varus preoperatively to 5.1 degrees of valgus at final follow-up. Radiolucent lines was seen most commonly at zone 1 in anteroposterior radiograph of tibia and in zone 1 in lateral radiograph of femur. Complications such as superficial wound infection, stiffness, and meniscal bearing fracture were seen in four cases. CONCLUSION: Total knee arthroplasty using LCS system showed satisfactory improvement in flexion contracture, deformity correction. Clinical and radiographic result.

Early Failure of Mobile Meniscal in LCS Total Knee Replacement Arthroplasty: A Case Assessment / 대한정형외과학회잡지

PURPOSE: The mobile bearing, low contact stress, total knee replacement arthroplasty has proven successful with a high long-term survival rate and a low complication rate. Over 1,200 LCS knee has been successful with 97% survival. MATERIALS AND METHODS: However, we found fifteen knees showing early failure of mobile meniscal bearings with fracture, dislocation, and early wear, in some cases within three years. This caused the knee to subluxate and the bearings to dislocate. All fifteen knees had good surgical results with high HSS scores, normal valgus alignment, adequate sizing of the implants, lack of changes in the prosthese/bone interface as evidenced by the x-rays, and good ligament balancing. RESULTS: The reasons of the failure were: 1. Proportionately overweight patients. 2. Probable poor polyethylene quality due to air gamma radiation sterilization of the implant. 3. Overuse by the patients, causing undue load on the polyethylene. All patients with meniscal bearing failure had undergone revision surgery with good surgical results. CONCLUSIONS: We feel this merits further study to determine the relationship between the load and size of polyethylene mass in the rate of wear. While there are studies in the importance of thickness in relation to wear, we found no study on the effect that load has on the mass of polyethylene. We recommend a larger polyethylene tibial implant and rotating platform prostheses be used for an overweight patient and/or patient with high level of activity, both of which forecast a high load on the implant.

Breakage of the Implant after Total Knee Replacement: Cases Report

After total knee replacement, the breakage of implant is unusual. We have been experienced the two cases, one is the porous tibial plate breakage that Miller/Galante total knee system(MG TKS) and the other is the metal-backed polyethylene patellar component breakage with low contact stress(LCS) pros-thesis. Revisions have been performed by using Nexgen and modular posterior stabilized P.F.C. total knee system. Considerations of these causes are habitual abrupt hyperflexion of the knee and weight bear-ing. So we need to careful observation of long term clinical, radiological and survival results of total knee prosthesis in regard of the breakage of implant.