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1.
Arq. bras. oftalmol ; 85(1): 37-45, Jan.-Feb. 2022. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1350083

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Purpose: To evaluate contrast sensitivity in non-high-risk, treatment-naïve proliferative diabetic retinopathy patients treated with panretinal photocoagulation and intravitreal injections of ranibizumab) versus panretinal photocoagulation alone. Methods: Sixty eyes of 30 patients with bilateral proliferative diabetic retinopathy were randomized into two groups: one received panretinal photocoagulation and ranibizumab injections (study group), while the other received panretinal photocoagulation alone (control group). All eyes were treated with panretinal photocoagulation in three sessions according to the Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study guidelines. Contrast sensitivity measurements were performed under photopic conditions (85 cd/m2) with the Visual Contrast Test Sensitivity 6500 chart, allowing for the evaluation of five spatial frequencies with sine wave grating charts: 1.5, 3.0, 6.0, 12.0, and 18.0 cycles per degree (cpd). Outcomes were measured in contrast sensitivity threshold scores among and within groups, from baseline to 1, 3, and 6 months. Results: Fifty-eight eyes (28 in the study group and 30 in the control group) reached the study endpoint. A comparative analysis of changes in contrast sensitivity between the groups showed significant differences mainly in low frequencies as follows: at month 1 in 1.5 cpd (p=0.001) and 3.0 cpd (p=0.04); at month 3 in 1.5 cpd (p=0.016), and at month 6 in 1.5 cpd (p=0.001) and 3.0 cpd (p=0.026) in favor of the study group. Conclusions: In eyes of patients with non-high-risk proliferative diabetic retinopathy, panretinal photocoagulation treatment with ranibizumab appears to cause less damage to contrast sensitivity compared with panretinal photocoagulation treatment alone. Thus, our evaluation of contrast sensitivity may support the use of ranabizumab as an adjuvant to panretinal photocoagulation for the treatment of proliferative diabetic retinopathy.


RESUMO Objetivos: Avaliar a sensibilidade ao contraste em pacientes virgens de tratamento com retinopatia diabética proliferativa de não alto risco, submetidos a panfotocoagulação retiniana com injeções intravítreas de ranibizumabe versus pan­fotocoagulação isolada. Métodos: Sessenta olhos de 30 pa­cientes foram randomizados em dois grupos: um submetido a panfotocoagulação com injeções de ranibizumabe (grupo estudo), e o outro submetimedo a panfotocoagulação isolada (grupo controle). Todos olhos foram tratados em 3 sessões de laser, seguindo recomendação do Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS). Avaliação da sensibilidade ao contraste foi realizada sob condições fotópicas (85 cd/m2) com tabela Visual Contrast Test Sensitivity 6500, permitindo avaliação de cinco frequências espaciais medidas com redes senoidais: 1.5, 3.0, 6.0, 12.0 e 18.0 ciclos por grau de ângulo visual (cpd). Foram realizadas medidas dos limiares de sensibilidade ao contraste intra e entre grupos na visita inicial, no 1º, 3º, e 6º mês de seguimento. Resultados: Cinquenta e oito olhos, 28 do grupo estudo e 30 do grupo controle, atingiram o término do estudo. Análise comparativa da SC entre os grupos mostrou diferença estatisticamente significante, nas baixas frequências espaciais, no 1º mês em 1.5 cpd (p=0,001) e 3.0 cpd (p=0,04), no 3º mês em 1.5 cpd (p=0,016) e no 6º mês em 3.0 cpd (p=0,026) a favor do grupo estudo. Conclusão: O tratamento com panfotocoagulação associada a injeção de ranibizumabe parece causar menos danos a sensibilidade ao contraste quando comparada com panfotocoagulação isolada em olhos com retinopatia diabética proliferativa de não alto risco. Dessa forma, os resultados apresentados podem justificar a associação do ranibizumabe à panfotocoagulação nestes pacientes.

2.
Einstein (Säo Paulo) ; 19: eGS6616, 2021. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1350694

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Objective: To investigate trends in terms of number and cost of intravitreal injection, photocoagulation and panphotocoagulation procedures performed by the Brazilian Public Health System, from 2010 to 2019. Methods: The Brazilian Public Health System Database was used as the primary source of data. Intravitreal injection, photocoagulation and panphotocoagulation procedures performed from 2010 to 2019 were investigated. Procedure prevalence and cost trends were analyzed according to year and region. Annual trends were examined using generalized linear models, with a significance level of 5% (p=0.05). Results: There was a significant increase in the prevalence of intravitreal injections (1,088%), panphotocoagulation (51%) and photocoagulation (37%) procedures from 2010 to 2019. Intravitreal injections accounted for the most significant increase. However, costs were not significantly readjusted over the years. Conclusion: Over a 10-year period, there was a significant increase in the number of procedures associated with retinal disorders. Procedure costs saw little readjustments over time. In spite of limitations, inaccuracies and lack of details, the Brazilian Public Health System Database is the primary source of data for the Public Health System related research in Brazil, and can contribute with information on ocular health and costs of ophthalmic procedures.


RESUMO Objetivo: Investigar as tendências dos números e dos custos dos procedimentos de injeção intravítrea, fotocoagulação e panfotocoagulação realizados pelo Sistema Único de Saúde brasileiro, no período de 2010 a 2019. Métodos: Foram extraídos dados do Departamento de Informática do Sistema Único de Saúde acerca dos atendimentos associados aos procedimentos de injeção intravítrea, fotocoagulação e panfotocoagulação, realizados de 2010 a 2019. A prevalência de procedimentos e os custos foram analisados por ano e por região de atendimento. As tendências ao longo dos anos foram avaliadas por meio de modelos lineares generalizados. Valores de p=0,05 foram considerados estatisticamente significantes. Resultados: Em relação aos procedimentos específicos, houve aumento nas frequências de injeção intravítrea (1.088%), panfotocoagulação (51%) e fotocoagulação (37%), no comparativo de 2010 a 2019. A injeção intravítrea foi o procedimento que apresentou maior crescimento ao longo dos anos, porém não houve reajuste de custo significativo durante o período estudado. Conclusão: Ao longo de 10 anos, houve aumento significativo do número de atendimentos associados aos tratamentos de distúrbios da retina. Os custos relacionados aos procedimentos mostraram pouco reajuste ao longo dos anos. Embora o Departamento de Informática do Sistema Único de Saúde apresente algumas limitações, como imprecisões e falta de detalhamento em alguns procedimentos, esta é a ferramenta de dados disponível no Brasil para o acesso a pesquisa relacionada ao Sistema Único de Saúde e pode contribuir com informações da saúde ocular e os custos dos procedimentos.


Subject(s)
Humans , Retinal Diseases/therapy , Retinal Diseases/epidemiology , Public Health , Brazil/epidemiology , Intravitreal Injections
3.
Arq. bras. oftalmol ; 83(6): 490-496, Nov.-Dec. 2020. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1153072

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Purpose: To compare central foveal thickness, retinal nerve fiber layer thickness, and subfoveal choroidal thickness using swept-source optical coherence tomography in premature children with a history of treated retinopathy of prematurity (either with intravitreal bevacizumab or laser photocoagulation) or spontaneously regressed retinopathy of prematurity versus age-matched healthy children at the age of 5 years. Methods: A total of 79 children were divided into four groups: group 1, children who received intravitreal bevacizumab treatment; group 2, children who received laser photocoagulation treatment; group 3, children who had spontaneously regressed retinopathy of prematurity; and group 4, age matched, full-term healthy children. At the age of 5 years, visual functions and refractive status were assessed. The optical coherence tomography analysis was performed using swept-source optical coherence tomography (DRI-OCT Triton; Topcon, USA). Results: There were 12 (15.2%), 23 (29.1%), 30 (38%), and 14 (17.7%) children in groups 1, 2, 3, and 4, respectively. Sex distribution was similar between the groups (p=0.420). Best corrected visual acuity was significantly better in group 4 compared with groups 1, 2, and 3 (p=0.035, p=0.001, and p=0.001, respectively). Refractive error results were similar between the groups (p=0.119). Central foveal thickness was significantly higher in group 2 than in group 1 (p=0.023). There were no significant differences observed between the groups in retinal nerve fiber layer thickness and subfoveal choroidal thickness (p>0.05). Conclusions: Visual functional outcomes were better in term-born healthy children compared with those noted in children with a history of treated retinopathy of prematurity and spontaneously regressed retinopathy of prematurity. Laser treatment exerted a signifi­cant effect on central foveal thickness in premature children at the age of 5 years, as revealed by swept-source optical coherence tomography.


RESUMO Objetivo: Comparar a espessura central foveal, a da camada de fibras nervosas da retina e a da coróide subfoveal através da tomografia de coerência óptica swept-source em crianças de 5 anos de idade com história de retinopatia da prematuridade (RP) tratada com bevacizumabe intravítreo, ou com fo­tocoagulação a laser, com crianças em regressão espontânea da retinopatia da prematuridade, e com crianças saudáveis da mes­ma idade. Métodos: Um total de 79 crianças foi dividido em quatro grupos. Grupo 1: crianças que receberam tratamento com bevacizumabe intravítreo. Grupo 2: crianças que foram tratadas com fotocoagulação a laser. Grupo 3: crianças que ti­veram regressão espontânea da retinopatia da prematuridade . Grupo 4: crianças da mesma idade saudáveis e nascidas a termo. As funções visuais e o status refrativo foram avaliados aos 5 anos de idade. A análise de tomografia de coerência óptica foi feita por um dispositivo do tipo swept-source (DRI-OCT Triton; Topcon, EUA). Resultados: Haviam 12 crianças (15,2%) no grupo 1, 23 crianças (29,1%) no grupo 2, 30 crianças (38%) no grupo 3 e 14 crianças (17,7%) no grupo 4. A distribuição por sexo foi semelhante em todos os grupos (p=0,420). A acuidade visual com a melhor correção mostrou-se significativamente maior no grupo 4 em comparação com os grupos 1, 2 e 3 (respectivamente, p=0,035, p=0,001 e p=0,001). Os resultados dos erros de refração foram semelhantes em todos os grupos (p=0,119). A espessura foveal central mostrou-se significativamente maior no grupo 2 do que no grupo 1 (p=0,023). Não foram observadas diferenças significativas entre os grupos quanto à espessura da camada de fibras nervosas da retina e à espessura da coroide subfoveal (p>0,05). Conclusões: Os desfechos visuais funcionais foram melhores nas crianças saudáveis nascidas a termo, em comparação com aqueles observados nas crianças com história de retinopatia da prematuridade tratada ou com regressão espontânea. O tratamento com laser teve um efeito significativo na espessura foveal central em crianças de 5 anos de idade, nascidas prematuras, como revelado pela tomografia de coerência óptica swept-source.


Subject(s)
Humans , Infant, Newborn , Child, Preschool , Child , Retinopathy of Prematurity , Tomography, Optical Coherence , Retinopathy of Prematurity/diagnostic imaging , Visual Acuity , Choroid/diagnostic imaging , Gestational Age
4.
Arq. bras. oftalmol ; 82(4): 295-301, July-Aug. 2019. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1019405

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Purpose: To determine the effect of panretinal photocoagulation on optic disk topographic parameters in non-glaucomatous patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy. Methods: This was a prospective, single-center, observational study. Thirty-eight eyes of 26 patients with diabetes underwent panretinal photocoagulation for proliferative diabetic retinopathy. Stereoscopic disk photographs and optic nerve head parameters were evaluated using the Zeiss fundus camera and the confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscope (Heidelberg Retinal Tomograph), respectively, at baseline and 12 months after the completion of panretinal photocoagulation. Results: Thirty-eight eyes of 26 patients (15 female) with a mean age of 53.7 (range 26-74) years were recruited. No significant difference was found between the stereo photography determined mean horizontal and vertical cup-to-disk ratio before and after panretinal photocoagulation treatment (p=0.461 and 0.839, respectively). The global values of the optic nerve head parameters analyzed with the HRT3 showed no significant change from baseline to 12 months, including the disk area, cup area, rim area, cup volume, rim volume, cup-to-disk area ratio, linear cup-to-disk ratio, mean cup depth, maximum cup depth, cup shape measure, height variation contour, mean retinal nerve fiber layer thickness, and cross-sectional area. Conclusion: Our results suggest that panretinal photocoagulation does not cause morphological optic disk changes in patients with diabetic proliferative retinopathy after 1 year of follow-up.


RESUMO Objetivo: Determinar o efeito da panfotocoagulação retiniana nos parâmetros topográficos do disco óptico em pacientes não glaucomatosos com retinopatia diabética proliferativa. Métodos: Este é um estudo observacional pros­pectivo e unicêntrico. Trinta e oito olhos de 26 pacientes dia­béticos foram submetidos à panfotocoagulação retiniana para retinopatia diabética proliferativa. As estereofotografias e os parâmetros do disco óptico foram avaliados usando o retinógrafo Visucam da Zeiss e o oftalmoscópio confocal de varredura a laser (Heidelberg Retinal Tomograph), respectivamente, no início e 12 meses após a conclusão da panfotocoagulação. Resultados: Trinta e oito olhos de 26 pacientes (15 mulheres) com média de idade de 53,7 anos (intervalo de 26-74) foram recrutados. Nenhuma diferença significativa foi encontrada entre a média horizontal e vertical para relação escavação/disco óptico determinadas pelas estereo­fotografias antes e após o tratamento com panfotocoagulação retiniana (p=0,461 e 0,839, respectivamente). Os valores globais dos parâmetros do disco óptico analisados com a tomografia de varredura a laser não mostraram nenhuma mudança significativa entre o início até os 12 meses, incluindo disk area, cup area, rim area, cup volume, rim volume, C/D area ratio, linear C/D ratio, mean cup depth, maximum cup depth, cup shape measure, height variation contour, mean retinal nerve fiber layer thickness e cross-sectional area. Conclusão: Nossos resultados sugerem que a panfotocoagulação retiniana não causa alterações morfológicas no disco óptico em pacientes com retinopatia diabética proliferativa após um ano de seguimento.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Ophthalmoscopy/methods , Optic Disk/pathology , Laser Coagulation/methods , Microscopy, Confocal/methods , Diabetic Retinopathy/surgery , Diabetic Retinopathy/pathology , Optic Disk/diagnostic imaging , Optic Nerve/pathology , Optic Nerve/diagnostic imaging , Reference Values , Prospective Studies , Treatment Outcome , Statistics, Nonparametric , Scanning Laser Polarimetry
5.
Indian J Ophthalmol ; 2018 May; 66(5): 706-708
Article | IMSEAR | ID: sea-196716

ABSTRACT

Spontaneous vitreous hemorrhage is a rare entity, present in 7 out of 100,000 inhabitants. It is associated with different pathologies; however, it is rarely reported to be caused by retinal vessel avulsion syndrome. In the present manuscript, we report a case of avulsion of retinal vessels associated with recurrent vitreous hemorrhage managed, at first, by photocoagulation, but due to the several recurrence of bleeding, the patient went into surgical management.

6.
Arq. bras. oftalmol ; 81(1): 12-17, Jan.-Feb. 2018. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-888175

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Purpose: To compare 0.5 mg and 0.625 mg of bevacizumab for treating aggressive posterior retinopathy of prematurity (AP-ROP). Methods: The medical records of patients with AP-ROP who were administered intravitreal bevacizumab (IVB) as a primary treatment at a university clinic were evaluated retrospectively. Five eyes of three patients (Group 1) who received 0.625 mg/0.025 ml IVB and 10 eyes of another five patients (Group 2) who received 0.5 mg/0.02 ml IVB were evaluated. Laser photocoagulation was used as additional treatment after relapses. Anatomic results and complications were evaluated in both groups. Results: We evaluated 15 eyes of eight patients (four girls and four boys) with a flat demarcation line at posterior zone 2 and plus disease or stage-3 disease in this study. The mean gestational age of the three babies in Group 1 was 26 ± 1 weeks and the mean birth weight was 835.33 ± 48.01 g. The corresponding values were 25.2 ± 1.6 weeks and 724 ± 139.03 g, respectively, for the five babies in Group 2. Retinal vascularization was completed at a mean postmenstrual duration of 53.6 ± 1.5 weeks without additional treatment in the five eyes in Group 1. Laser photocoagulation for relapse was administered to five of the 10 eyes in Group 2. Retinal vascularization was completed at a mean postmenstrual duration of 47.6 ± 1.5 weeks in the remaining five eyes. None of the patients developed complications such as cataract, glaucoma, retinal tear, retinal or vitreous hemorrhage, or retinal detachment. Conclusion: Although lower IVB doses in the treatment of AP-ROP are expected to be safer in terms of local and systemic side effects in premature infants, these patients may require additional treatment with IVB or laser photocoagulation.


RESUMO Objetivo: Comparar doses de 0,5 mg e 0,625 mg de bevacizumab no tratamento da retinopatia da prematuridade posterior agressiva (ROP-PA). Métodos: os registros médicos de pacientes com ROP-PA que receberam bevacizumab intravítreo (IVB) como tratamento primário em uma clínica universitária foram avaliados retrospectivamente. Houve 5 olhos de 3 casos (Grupo 1) que receberam 0,625 mg/0,025 ml de IVB e 10 olhos de outros 5 casos (Grupo 2) que receberam 0,5 mg/0,02 ml de IVB. A fotocoagulação com laser foi utilizada como tratamento adicional para casos de recidiva. Os resultados e complicações anatômicas foram avaliados em ambos os grupos. Resultados: Incluímos os 15 olhos de 8 pacientes (4 meninas e 4 meninos) com linha de demarcação plana na zona posterior 2 e doença "plus" (dilatação e tortuosidade vascular) neste estudo. A idade gestacional média dos três bebês no Grupo 1 foi de 26 ± 1 semana e o peso médio ao nascer foi de 835,33 ± 48,01 g, enquanto esses valores foram de 25,2 ± 1,6 semanas e 724 ± 139,03 g, respectivamente, para os cinco bebês do Grupo 2. A vascularização da retina foi completada com uma duração média pós-menstrual de 53,6 ± 1,5 semanas sem tratamento adicional nos cinco olhos no Grupo 1. A fotocoagulação a laser foi administrada devido à recaída em 5 dos 10 olhos do Grupo 2. A vascularização da retina foi completada em média de 47,6 ± 1,5 semanas do período pós-menstrual nos cinco olhos restantes. Nenhum dos casos desenvolveu complicações, como catarata, glaucoma, rasgo da retina, hemorragia retiniana ou vítrea ou descolamento da retina. Conclusão: Embora as doses mais baixas de IVB no tratamento de ROP-PA sejam mais seguras em termos de efeitos colaterais locais e sistêmicos em prematuros, esses pacientes podem precisar de tratamento adicional com IVB ou fotocoagulação a laser.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant, Newborn , Infant , Retinopathy of Prematurity/drug therapy , Angiogenesis Inhibitors/administration & dosage , Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A/antagonists & inhibitors , Bevacizumab/administration & dosage , Reference Values , Retinopathy of Prematurity/surgery , Reproducibility of Results , Retrospective Studies , Gestational Age , Treatment Outcome , Laser Coagulation/methods , Combined Modality Therapy , Statistics, Nonparametric , Intravitreal Injections
7.
Journal of Surgical Academia ; : 4-9, 2016.
Article in English | WPRIM | ID: wpr-629467

ABSTRACT

Diabetic retinopathy is a disease involving microangiopathic changes in response to chronic hyperglycaemia and pan retinal photocoagulation (PRP) is currently the mainstay of treatment for proliferative retinopathy. In the present study, we evaluated the effect of pan retinal photocoagulation (PRP) on retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL) thickness in patients with diabetic retinopathy using optical coherence tomography (OCT). This was a prospective longitudinal study. Patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus with proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) or very severe non- (N)PDR requiring laser treatment were included in the study. PRP was performed by a single trained personnel. Peripapillary RNFL located 3.4 mm around the optic disc was evaluated using time-domain OCT. Examination was performed before treatment, and 2 and 4 months after laser treatment. In total, 39 subjects (39 eyes) were recruited into this study. Twenty-nine patients had PDR and 10 had very severe NPDR. Mean age was 54.97 ± 8.38 years. Male and female genders were almost equally distributed with 18 males and 21 females. Median thickness of average RNFL at baseline was 108.8 um (interquartile range [IQR] 35.3). At two months post-procedure, average RNFL thickness significantly increased to 117.4 (IQR 28.6; P = 0.006). Although, other quadrants revealed a similar trend of increasing thickness at two months but it was not significant. At 4 months post-laser treatment, RNFL thickness in all quadrants reduced to baseline levels with insignificant changes of thickness compared to prior to laser treatment. There was also no significant association between changes in RNFL thickness and HbA1c levels (P = 0.77). In conclusion, PRP causes transient thickening of the RNFL which recovers within 4 months post-laser treatment. At the same time, poor sugar control has no direct influence on the RNFL changes after PRP.


Subject(s)
Diabetic Retinopathy
8.
Arq. bras. oftalmol ; 77(6): 397-399, Nov-Dec/2014. graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-735808

ABSTRACT

We describe the case of a 23-month-old female infant with a diagnosis of hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) and hemorrhagic retinopathy. The patient had a past history of abdominal pain, bloody diarrhea, and acute renal failure. On ophthalmologic examination, indirect ophthalmoscopy revealed extensive areas of flame-shaped hemorrhage, cotton wool spots, macular edema and optic nerve head neovascularization in both eyes. Fluorescein angiography showed severe bilateral retinal ischemia and neovascularization leakage in disk. The patient, who had the visual acuity of 20/1000 in the right eye (OD) and 20/540 in the left eye (OS) at the first examination, was treated with panretinal photocoagulation (PRP) and presented at the end of the 6th month of follow-up improvement to 20/540 in OD and 20/270 in OS. There was also a regression of disc neovascularization, hemorrhages and macular edema. Despite intense retinal ischemia, there were no complications related to angiogenesis such as vitreous hemorrhage and/or neovascular glaucoma. We describe, in this report, the association between hemorrhagic retinopathy with features of Purtscher-like disease and HUS.


Descrevemos o caso de um lactente do sexo feminino de 23 meses com diagnóstico de síndrome hemolítico-urêmica (SHU) e retinopatia hemorrágica. A paciente apresentou história clínica prévia de dor abdominal, diarréia sanguinolenta e insuficiência renal aguda. Ao exame oftalmológico, a oftalmoscopia indireta evidenciou, em ambos os olhos, extensas áreas de hemorragia em chama de vela, exsudatos algodonosos, edema macular e neovasos na cabeça do nervo óptico. A angiofluoresceinografia mostrou intensa isquemia retiniana bilateral e vazamento na neovascularização de disco. A paciente, a qual apresentava acuidade visual de 20/1000 no olho direito (OD) e 20/540 no olho esquerdo (OE) no primeiro exame, foi tratada com panfotocoagulação retiniana e apresentou no final do 6º mês de acompanhamento a acuidade visual de 20/540 no OD e 20/270 no OE. Observou-se ainda a regressão dos neovasos, das hemorragias retininanas e do edema. Apesar da intensa isquemia retiniana não houve complicações relacionadas à angiogênese como hemorragia vítrea e/ou glaucoma neovascular. Descreve-se, neste relato, a associação entre retinopatia hemorrágicas com características de Purtscher-like e síndrome hemolítico-urêmica.


Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Infant , Hemolytic-Uremic Syndrome/complications , Retinal Hemorrhage/etiology , Retinal Hemorrhage/pathology , Fluorescein Angiography , Laser Coagulation/methods , Neovascularization, Pathologic/surgery , Retinal Hemorrhage/surgery , Treatment Outcome , Visual Acuity/physiology
9.
Rev. bras. oftalmol ; 73(5): 269-272, Sep-Oct/2014. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-741899

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: Avaliar o efeito preemptivo com nepafenaco 0,1% em pacientes submetidos à fotocoagulação da retina para tratamento da retinopatia diabética proliferativa. Métodos: Trinta pacientes foram submetidos à fotocoagulação com laser de argônio em ambos os olhos. O olho contralateral de cada paciente foi o controle. O nepafenaco e o placebo foram utilizados 30 minutos antes da aplicação do laser. Ambos os olhos foram fotocoagulados no mesmo dia. A intensidade da dor foi avaliada por meio da escala analógica visual e da escala descritiva de dor. Resultados: A análise da interação instilação versus nepafenaco mostrou que os pacientes do grupo placebo apresentaram níveis de dor semelhantes em ambos os olhos, e os do grupo nepafenaco apresentaram redução importante do nível de dor no olho em que foi instilado a suspensão de 0,1% quando comparado ao olho contralateral que recebeu placebo (p=0,023). Conclusão: Este estudo sugere que a suspensão de 0,1% de nepafenaco foi útil na analgesia preemptiva de pacientes submetidos à fotocoagulação de retina quando comparada ao placebo. .


Objective: To evaluate the preemptive effect of nepafenac 0,1% in patients undergoing retinal photocoagulation for the treatment of proliferative diabetic retinopathy Methods: Thirty patients underwent argon laser photocoagulation in both eyes. The contralateral eye of each patient was the control. The nepafenac and placebo were used 30 minutes before the application of the laser. Both eyes were photocoagulated in the same day. Pain intensity was assessed by visual analog scale and descriptive pain scale Results: The analysis of the interaction instillation versus nepafenac showed that patients in the placebo group had similar levels of pain in both eyes, and the nepafenac group had significant reduction in pain in the eye that was instilled suspension of 0,1% when compared to the contralateral eye which received placebo (p = 0.023). Conclusion: This study suggests that a suspension of 0,1% nepafenac helpful for preemptive analgesia in patients undergoing retinal photocoagulation compared to placebo. .


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Pain, Postoperative/prevention & control , Phenylacetates/administration & dosage , Pain Measurement/methods , Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/administration & dosage , Laser Coagulation/methods , Diabetic Retinopathy/surgery , Pain/drug therapy , Argon/therapeutic use , Preanesthetic Medication , Instillation, Drug , Random Allocation , Case-Control Studies , Double-Blind Method , Prospective Studies , Surveys and Questionnaires , Vitreoretinopathy, Proliferative/surgery , Benzeneacetamides/administration & dosage , Pain Perception/drug effects , Visual Analog Scale , Analgesia/methods
10.
Chinese Journal of Experimental Ophthalmology ; (12): 298-302, 2014.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-636566

ABSTRACT

Background Our previous study demonstrated that hyperglycemia aggravate the choroidal neovascularization (CNV) by promoting the chemotaxis process of bone marrow-derived cells (BMCs).Bioluminescence imaging (BLI) can dynamically monitor CNV in vivo.However,how diabetes mellitus (DM)participate in CNV is still in research.Objective This study was to dynamically observe the influence of BMCs to CNV under hyperglycaemia by using BLI combined with histopathology.Methods BMCs from luciferase-green fluorescent protein (Fluc-GFP) double transgenic mice were injected to adult wild type C57BL/6J mice (nine mice per group) via caudal vein to create the chimera models with a chimerism degree higher than 85%,and the chimeric mice were randomized into the control group and DM group based on randomized number table.Streptozotocin [60 mg/(kg · d)] was intraperitoneally injected daily for 5 days to establish the DM models in the chimeric mice of the DM group.CNV was induced in the chimeric mice of both control group and DM group with 532 nm laser photocoagulation.BLI signal of BMCsFluc+GFP+ was in vivo examined by IVIS Kinetics system 1,3,5,7,14,21 and 28 days after CNV modeling.At the seventh day after laser,part of mice were sacrificed,and choroidal and retinal sections were prepared for histopathological examination.The length and thickness of CNV were compared between the control group and DM group.The use and care of experimental followed Statement of ARVO.Results The chimerism degree of the chimeric mice was (88.85 ± 2.46) % 28 days after BMCs transplantation,and the blood glucose concentration in the DM group was (17.88±0.86)mmol/L.Histopathological examination revealed that CNV broke through the Bruch membrane toward subretinas.The length of the CNV was (338.67±33.17) μm in the DM group and (180.33±24.68)μm in the control group,showing a significant difference between the two groups (t =8.943,P<0.05).However,no significant difference was seen in the CNV thickness between the two groups (t =1.790,P>0.05).Light signals appeared 1 day and reach strongest 7 days after CNV modeling in both groups.The Light signals were stronger in the DM group than those in the control group on 5,7,14 and 21 days after CNV modeling (t =3.411,5.594,5.067,2.663,all at P<0.05).Conclusions Hyperglycemia can promote more BMCs to participate in the pathogenesis and aggravation of CNV.The behavior of BMCs in CNV can be evaluated using BLI in vivo.

11.
Arq. bras. oftalmol ; 76(1): 18-20, jan.-fev. 2013. graf, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-678155

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To compare pain related to intravitreal injection and panretinal photocoagulation in the management of patients with high-risk proliferative diabetic retinopathy. METHODS: Prospective study including patients with high-risk proliferative diabetic retinopathy and no prior laser treatment randomly assigned to receive panretinal photocoagulation (PRP group) or panretinal photocoagulation plus intravitreal ranibizumab (PRPplus group). In all patients, panretinal photocoagulation was administered in two sessions (weeks 0 and 2), and intravitreal ranibizumab was administered at the end of the first laser session in the PRPplus group. Retreatment was performed at weeks 16 and 32 if active new vessels were detected at fluorescein angiography. Patients in the PRPplus group received intravitreal ranibizumab and patients in the PRP group received 500-µm additional spots per quadrant of active new vessels. After the end of retreatment, a 100-degree Visual Analog Scale was used for pain score estimation. The patient was asked about the intensity of pain during the whole procedure (retinal photocoagulation session or intravitreal ranibizumab injection). Statistics for pain score comparison were performed using a non-parametric test (Wilcoxon rank sums). RESULTS: Seventeen patients from PRPplus and 14 from PRP group were evaluated for pain scores. There were no significant differences between both groups regarding gender, glycosylated hemoglobin and disease duration. Mean intravitreal injection pain (±SEM) was 4.7 ± 2.1 and was significantly lower (p<0.0001) than mean panretinal photocoagulation pain (60.8 ± 7.8). Twelve out of 17 patients from the PRPplus group referred intensity pain score of zero, while the minimal score found in PRP group was found in one patient with 10.5. CONCLUSION: In patients with high-risk proliferative diabetic retinopathy who needed retreatment for persistent new vessels, there was more comfort for the patient when retreatment was performed with an intravitreal injection in comparison with retinal photocoagulation. Further larger studies are necessary to confirm our preliminary findings.


OBJETIVO: Comparar a dor relacionada à injeção intravítrea e panfotocoagulação no tratamento de pacientes com retinopatia diabética proliferativa de alto risco. MÉTODOS: Estudo prospectivo incluindo pacientes com retinopatia diabética proliferativa de alto risco e nenhum tratamento a laser prévio aleatoriamente designados para receber panfotocoagulação retiniana (grupo PRP) ou panfotocoagulação e ranibizumabe intravítreo (grupo PRPplus). Em todos os pacientes, a panfotocoagulação foi administrada em duas sessões (semanas 0 e 2), e ranibizumabe intravítreo foi administrado no final da primeira sessão de laser no grupo PRPplus. Retratamento foi realizado nas semanas 16 e 32 se neovasos ativos fossem detectados na angiofluoresceinografia, utilizando ranibizumabe intravítreo no grupo PRPplus e laser adicional grupo PRP. Após o fim do retratamento, uma Escala Analógica Visual de 100-unidades foi utilizada para a estimativa da pontuação da dor. O paciente foi questionado sobre a intensidade da dor durante todo o procedimento (sessão de fotocoagulação de retina ou injeção intravítrea de ranibizumabe). A comparação dos índices de dor foi realizada utilizando um teste não-paramétrico (Wilcoxon rank sums). RESULTADOS: Dezessete pacientes do grupo PRPplus e 14 do grupo PRP foram avaliados para os índices de dor. Não houve diferenças significativas entre os dois grupos quanto ao sexo, hemoglobina glicosilada e duração da doença. A média de dor da injeção intravítrea (±SEM) foi 4,7 ± 2,1, significativamente menor (p<0,0001) do que a dor média da panfotocoagulação (60,8 ± 7,8). Doze dos 17 pacientes do grupo PRPplus referiram pontuação de intensidade da dor zero, enquanto que o índice mínimo no grupo PRP foi encontrado em um paciente com 10,5. CONCLUSÃO: Em pacientes com retinopatia diabética proliferativa de alto risco que necessitaram de retratamento por neovasos persistentes, houve mais conforto para o paciente quando o retratamento foi realizado com uma injeção intravítrea em comparação com fotocoagulação da retina. Estudos posteriores são necessários para confirmar nossos achados preliminares.


Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/administration & dosage , Diabetic Retinopathy/therapy , Eye Pain/etiology , Intravitreal Injections/adverse effects , Laser Coagulation/adverse effects , Combined Modality Therapy , Fluorescein Angiography , Pain Measurement , Prospective Studies , Retreatment
12.
Arch. méd. Camaguey ; 16(2): 212-220, mar.-abr. 2012.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-628128

ABSTRACT

El edema macular constituye la causa más común de disminución de la agudeza visual central en pacientes con retinopatía diabética; su origen es multifactorial. El grado de pérdida visual central depende de la exudación retiniana y de la duración de la enfermedad.Objetivo: reflejar los cambios en la microperimetría después del uso de la inyección de triamcinolona acetónido en un paciente con retinopatía diabética no proliferativa moderada y edema macular clínicamente significativo.Caso clínico: se presentó el caso de un paciente con edema macular clínicamente significativo asociada a retinopatía diabética no proliferativa moderada, fue evaluado mediante examen de mejor agudeza visual corregida, biomiscroscopia del segmento anterior y posterior, tonometría, oftalmoscopia indirecta y microperimetria, se utilizó el protocolo automático para la mácula de 12 grados, 45 puntos maculares. El examen fundoscópicos y la biomiscroscopia del segmento posterior mostró, hemorragias redondeadas intrarretinianas en cuatro cuadrantes, arrosariamiento venoso en un cuadrante, anomalías microvasculares intrarretinianas en dos cuadrantes, vasos gruesos y tortuosos, macula con exudados duros en polo posterior y micro aneurismas fuera de la zona avascular foveal, formando circinadas, y microhemorragias dispersas.Conclusiones: fue tratado con fotocoagulación macular focal y con inyección de intravítrea de triamcinolona acetónido, se logró la mejoría de la agudeza visual y mejoraron los parámetros en la microperimetría en un período de un mes


Macular edema is the most common cause of decreasing central visual acuity in patients with diabetic retinopathy; its origin is multifactorial. Central visual loss depends on retinal exudation and duration of the disease. Objective: to reflect changes in the microperimetry after the use of triamcinolone acetonide injection in a patient with moderate non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy and macular edema clinically significant. Clinical case: a patient with macular edema clinically significant associated with moderate non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy was evaluated through visual acuity test with best correction, biomiscroscopy of the anterior and posterior segment, indirect ophthalmoscopy, tonometry, microperimetry, automatic protocol to the macula of 12 degrees, 45 macular points was used. Eyeground examination and biomiscroscopy of the posterior segment showed intraretinal rounded bleeding in four quadrants, beaded venae in a quadrant, intraretinal microvascular abnormalities in two quadrants, thick and tortuous vessels, macula with hard exudate in posterior pole and microaneurysms outside of the foveolar avascular zone, in circinate forms, and scattered microhemorrhagia. Conclusions: the patient was treated with focal macular photocoagulation and intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide injection; visual acuity improved so as the parameters in microperimetry over a period of a month


Subject(s)
Humans , Middle Aged , Female , Vitreous Body , Macular Edema/drug therapy , Light Coagulation , Diabetic Retinopathy/complications , Triamcinolone Acetonide/therapeutic use , Visual Acuity , Visual Fields
13.
Arq. bras. oftalmol ; 74(5): 368-370, set.-out. 2011. ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-608412

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To report a 16-year long-term follow-up of a patient with acute multifocal hemorrhagic retinal vasculitis (Blumenkranz syndrome). A 21-year old male was seen in 1994 with acute multifocal hemorrhagic retinal vasculitis (Blumenkranz syndrome), first in the left eye, and later in the right eye. He was treated with retinal photocoagulation in areas of retinal ischemia and oral steroids, followed by sequential annual fundus examination and photography for 16 years. Vision improved to 20/25 in both eyes after retinal ischemic areas photocoagulation and oral steroids, and his vision has been maintained for 16 years. Photocoagulation of retinal ischemia and oral steroids are effective for the treatment of acute multifocal hemorrhagic retinal vasculitis (Blumenkranz syndrome).


Relato de caso com acompanhamento por 16 anos de um paciente com a vasculite hemorrágica multifocal aguda (síndrome de Blumenkranz). Um paciente de 21 anos de idade foi diagnosticado em 1994 com a vasculite hemorrágica multifocal aguda (síndrome de Blumenkranz), primeiro no olho esquerdo e depois no olho direito. Foi tratado com fotocoagulação retiniana nas áreas retinianas isquêmicas e corticosteroide oral e seguido por exames complementares da retina por 16 anos. A visão melhorou para 20/25 em ambos os olhos após a fotocoagulação retiniana nas áreas isquêmicas da retina e corticosteroide oral permanecendo assim até o momento por 16 anos. A fotocoagulação retiniana nas áreas isquêmicas e o uso de corticosteróide oral são tratamentos efetivos para a vasculite hemorrágica multifocal aguda (síndrome de Blumenkranz).


Subject(s)
Adult , Humans , Male , Young Adult , Retinal Hemorrhage/diagnosis , Retinal Vasculitis/diagnosis , Acute Disease , Acyclovir/therapeutic use , Fluorescein Angiography , Follow-Up Studies , Light Coagulation/methods , Prednisone/therapeutic use , Retinal Hemorrhage/therapy , Retinal Vasculitis/therapy , Syndrome , Steroids/therapeutic use
14.
Arq. bras. oftalmol ; 72(4): 433-438, July-Aug. 2009. ilus, graf, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-528005

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: 1) Diagnose, through optical coherence tomography (OCT) exam, the occurrence of diabetic macular edema in patients with diabetic retinopathy and visual acuity of 20/40 or better, by measuring the foveal center point thickness, during one year. 2) Evaluate the edema natural history, during this period, associating the center point thickness with hemoglobin A1c and changes in visual acuity. 3) Correlate the obtained results with the control group. METHODS: A prospective study was done, of a sample of 30 patients with diabetic macular edema and visual acuity of 20/40 or better. Measurements of the best corrected visual acuity, hemoglobin A1c level, biomicroscopy with 78-diopter lens, fluorescein angiogram and optical coherence tomography were made. The retinal thickness was selected as the main variable. Besides descriptive statistics, additional tests were applied to analyze the results and determine the correlation between these variables, such as t-Student, Chi-Square, Tukey and ANOVA. The relation of optical coherence tomography with visual acuity and hemoglobin A1c was studied through linear regression. RESULTS: It was found that there is no significant difference between patients and normal individuals, for the variables age and gender. The values of center point thickness found for men were greater than those for women, showing the influence of gender on that thickness. As many as 83.33 percent of the diabetic patients with clinically significant macular edema presented moderate non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR), 10 percent presented mild NPDR and 6.66 percent severe non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy. Patients under combined treatment of insulin and oral hypoglycemiant presented influence on the results of center point thickness (through OCT) and visual acuity. The mean duration of diabetes was 9.63 years. Values of center point thickness were always found greater for patients than those for normal eyes. ...


OBJETIVOS: 1) Diagnosticar a presença de edema macular diabético em pacientes com retinopatia diabética e acuidade visual igual ou melhor que 20/40, pela realização do exame de tomografia de coerência óptica, medindo a espessura foveal central, ao longo de um ano. 2) Avaliar a história natural do edema, ao longo de um ano, associando a espessura foveal central com a hemoglobina glicosilada (HbA1c) e alterações na acuidade visual. 3) Correlacionar os resultados obtidos com o grupo controle. MÉTODOS: Estudo prospectivo de uma amostra de 30 pacientes, com edema macular diabético e acuidade visual melhor ou igual a 20/40. O estudo contou com 30 olhos como grupo controle. Foram feitas medidas da melhor acuidade visual corrigida, dosagem de hemoglobina glicosilada, biomicroscopia com lente de 78 dioptrias, angiofluoresceinografia e tomografia de coerência óptica. Determinou-se, pelo propósito do estudo, a espessura foveal central como principal variável. Além da estatística descritiva, utilizaram-se testes para análise dos resultados: foi testada a homogeneidade de cada variável pelos testes t-Student, Qui-Quadrado e teste de Tukey; para correlacionar variáveis utilizou-se a análise de variância (ANOVA). A relação entre a espessura foveal central no tomografia de coerência óptica com a acuidade visual e a hemoglobina glicosilada foi estudada através de regressão linear. RESULTADOS: Registrou-se não haver diferença significativa entre casos e controles nas variáveis idade (p=0,343) e sexo (p=0,793). Os valores da espessura foveal central para o sexo masculino foram maiores que no sexo feminino (p<0,05) mostrando que a variável sexo interfere nos valores da espessura foveal central. Dos pacientes diabéticos com edema macular clinicamente significativo, 83,33 por cento apresentavam retinopatia diabética não-proliferativa moderada, 10 por cento retinopatia diabética não-proliferativa leve e 6,66 por cento retinopatia diabética não-proliferativa ...


Subject(s)
Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Diabetic Retinopathy/diagnosis , Macular Edema/diagnosis , Retina/pathology , Case-Control Studies , Diabetic Retinopathy/pathology , Glycated Hemoglobin/analysis , Macular Edema/pathology , Prospective Studies , Tomography, Optical Coherence , Visual Acuity
15.
Rev. bras. oftalmol ; 66(6): 403-405, nov.-dez. 2007. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-482117

ABSTRACT

O objetivo deste trabalho é relatar e discutir os aspectos de um caso clínico em que foi observada a formação de neovascularização no túnel do anel intra-estromal corneano. Trata-se de paciente com ectasia corneana 4 anos após LASIK, comprovada pela paquimetria e topografia, e submetido ao implante de anel intra-estromal corneano. No terceiro ano de acompanhamento após implante do anel intraestromal, com o paciente em uso de lente de contato gelatinosa, verificou-se extrusão de um segmento e neovascularização no túnel. Removeu-se o segmento afetado, realizou-se fotocoagulação vascular, observando-se regressão completa do quadro neovascular.


The purpose of this paper is to describe the clinical aspects of one case with deep corneal vascularization after corneal ring implantation to treat corneal ectasia due to LASIK 4 years before. The corneal ectasia diagnostic was performed by corneal pachimetry and topography. Intrastromal corneal ring segment was implanted. On the third year of follow-up, extrusion of one segment was noted and deep corneal neovascularization was found. The segment was removed, laser photocoagulation was applied and complete vascular regression was observed.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Corneal Neovascularization , Cornea/pathology , Light Coagulation , Polymethyl Methacrylate , Prostheses and Implants , Corneal Stroma/physiopathology , Contact Lenses, Hydrophilic , Dilatation, Pathologic
16.
Rev. bras. oftalmol ; 66(5): 341-344, set.-out. 2007. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-481154

ABSTRACT

Telangiectasia retiniana é um termo inicialmente proposto por Reese, em 1956. Caracteriza-se por uma anormalidade vascular retiniana, com dilatação irregular e incompetência dos vasos. E.L.S., 44 anos, sexo masculino, branco, do Rio de Janeiro, com queixa de perda progressiva da visão em olho esquerdo (OE). Ao exame observamos acuidade visual (AV) corrigida de 20/20 em olho direito (OD) e 20/100 em OE. À fundoscopia, OD normal e OE apresentando dilatação capilar e exsudatos duros com aspecto circinado na região macular. Angiografia fluoresceínica e, após o resultado, injeção intravítrea de triancinolona em OE (4mg/0,1ml). Após um mês da injeção de triancinolona a AV em OE passou a 20/40, os exsudatos duros tornaram-se mais visíveis e a angiografia mostrou diminuição do vazamento do corante. Foi possível a realização de fotocoagulação com laser. A AV final corrigida foi de 20/20 em ambos os olhos. O tratamento com laser está amplamente difundido na literatura, porém optamos inicialmente pela injeção intravítrea de triancinolona. Pode-se considerar a injeção intravítrea de triancinolona em casos de telangiectasia retiniana parafoveal com redução importante da visão e alterações muito próximas à região avascular foveal. Entretanto, os resultados em longo prazo não são conhecidos e precisam ser confrontados com as outras opções de tratamento.


Retinal telangiectasis was first described by Reese, in 1956. It is an abnormality of the retinal vessels, with irregular dilation and vessel failure. ELS, 44 years old, male, white, from Rio de Janeiro. His complaining was progressive visual loss in the left eye (OS). Corrected visual acuity (VA) was 20/20 in the right eye (OD) and 20/100 in OS. Fundoscopy in OD was normal, and in OS showed capillaries dilation and hard exsudates (circinate) in macular area. After fluorescein angiogram, we performed intravitreal injection of triamcinolone acetonide (4mg/0.1ml) in OS. One month after injection, VA in OS was 20/40, hard exsudates became more visible and angiogram showed a reduction in dye leakage. Due to better visibility, we were able to perform laser photocoagulation on the affected area. Final best corrected VA was 20/20 in both eyes. Although laser treatment is widely recommended, we chose intravitreal triamcinolone injection initially due to the fact that damaged capillaries were too close to foveal avascular zone. Intravitreal triamcinolone injection can be considered in cases of parafoveal retinal telangiectasis with significant decreased vision and changes near foveal avascular zone. However, long term results are not known yet and need to be confronted with other available treatments.

17.
Arq. bras. oftalmol ; 70(5): 871-874, set.-out. 2007. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-470110

ABSTRACT

Telangiectasias retinianas são anormalidades vasculares primárias e idiopáticas caracterizadas por dilatações irregulares e incompetência dos vasos retinianos com variados graus de exsudação intra e sub-retiniana. O objetivo desse relato é documentar uma rara associação entre aneurisma miliar de Leber e síndrome de tração vítreomacular bem caracterizada à angiofluoresceinografia e tomografia de coerência óptica. O tratamento realizado foi fotocoagulação com laser de argônio nos aneurismas perimaculares e cirurgia de vitrectomia posterior via pars plana, o que resultou em melhora consistente da acuidade visual. O caso relatado confirma a importância da tomografia de coerência óptica em estudar a interface vítreorretiniana e suas alterações, o que permitiu abordagem completa da doença em questão.


Retinal telangiectasias are idiopatic vascular abnormalities of the retina characterizad by irregular dilatation of the retinal vessels, intraretinal and subretinal exsudation. The aim of this article is to describe the uncommon association of Leber's miliary aneurysms and vitreomacular traction syndrome in a female patient. The diagnosis was established with angiofluoresceinography and optic coherence tomography. The patient was treated with focal photocoagulation with argon green laser directed to the perimacular aneurysms and pars plana posterior vitrectomy. The visual acuity showed great improvement after a four-month follow-up. The present report supports the importance of optic coherence tomography in cases where the vitreoretinal interface must be evaluated, including vascular pathologies, which allowed us to offer a better treatment to this patient.


Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Middle Aged , Aneurysm/complications , Retinal Vessels , Retinal Diseases/complications , Vitreous Detachment/complications , Aneurysm/therapy , Fluorescein Angiography , Laser Coagulation , Syndrome , Tomography, Optical Coherence , Vitrectomy , Visual Acuity/physiology , Vitreous Detachment/therapy
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