Tracing probiotic producing bacterial species from gut of buffalo (Bubalus bubalis), South-East-Asia

Abstract Due to extensive application of antibiotics as growth promoters in animal feed, antimicrobial resistance has been increased. To overcome this challenge, rumen microbiologists search for new probiotics to improve the rate of livestock production. The present study was aimed to isolate and evaluate breed-specific lactic acid bacteria (LAB) as potential animal probiotics. The current study was conducted during 10 months from July 2020 to April 2021, in which a total of n=12 strains were isolated from different samples including milk, rumen, and feces of Nilli Ravi Buffaloes. These isolates were evaluated for their antimicrobial potential against common animal pathogens (Bacillus spp., E. coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella spp., Listeria spp.). All the isolates were identified using 16S rRNA gene sequencing and the phylogenetic analyses inferred that these strains showed close relations to the species of various genera; Enterococcus lactis, Pediococcus pentosaceus, Bacillus subtilis Weissella cibaria, Weissella soli, Bacillus tequilensis, Weissella bombi, Bacillus licheniformis, Lactococcus lactis, Bacillus megaterium, Lactobacillus ruminis, and Lactococcus lactis. NMCC-Ru2 has exhibited the enormous potential of antimicrobial activity, 28 mm, for Salmonella typhimurium;23 mm for Listeria monocytogenes 21 mm for E.coil. Highest resistance was seen in NMCC-Ru2 agasint test antbiotic, like 25.5 mm for Tetracycline. Overall results revesl that the probiotic profile of isolates was achieved using standard criteria, particularly with animal probiotic properties

Resumo Devido à extensa aplicação de antibióticos como promotores de crescimento na alimentação animal, a resistência aos antimicrobianos aumentou. Para superar esse desafio, os microbiologistas do rúmen buscam novos probióticos para melhorar a produtividade do gado. O presente estudo teve como objetivo isolar e avaliar bactérias lácticas específicas de raças (BAL) como potenciais probióticos animais. 12 cepas foram isoladas de diferentes amostras, incluindo leite, rúmen e fezes de búfalos Nilli Ravi. Esses isolados foram avaliados quanto ao seu potencial antimicrobiano contra patógenos animais comuns (Bacillus spp., E. coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella spp., Listeria spp.). Todos os isolados foram identificados por meio do sequenciamento do gene 16S rRNA e as análises filogenéticas inferiram que essas cepas apresentaram estreita relação com as espécies de vários gêneros; Enterococcus lactis, Pediococcus pentosaceus, Bacillus subtilis, Weissella cibaria, Weissella soli, Bacillus tequilensis, Weissella bombi, Bacillus licheniformis, Lactococcus lactis, Bacillus megaterium, Lactobacillus ruminis e Lactococcus lactis. O perfil probiótico dos isolados foi obtido usando critérios padrão, particularmente com propriedades probióticas animais.

Tracing probiotic producing bacterial species from gut of buffalo (Bubalus bubalis), South-East-Asia / Rastreando espécies bacterianas produtoras de probióticos de intestino de búfalo (Bubalus bubalis), sudeste da Ásia

Due to extensive application of antibiotics as growth promoters in animal feed, antimicrobial resistance has been increased. To overcome this challenge, rumen microbiologists search for new probiotics to improve the rate of livestock production. The present study was aimed to isolate and evaluate breed-specific lactic acid bacteria (LAB) as potential animal probiotics. The current study was conducted during 10 months from July 2020 to April 2021, in which a total of n=12 strains were isolated from different samples including milk, rumen, and feces of Nilli Ravi Buffaloes. These isolates were evaluated for their antimicrobial potential against common animal pathogens (Bacillus spp., E. coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella spp., Listeria spp.). All the isolates were identified using 16S rRNA gene sequencing and the phylogenetic analyses inferred that these strains showed close relations to the species of various genera; Enterococcus lactis, Pediococcus pentosaceus, Bacillus subtilis Weissella cibaria, Weissella soli, Bacillus tequilensis, Weissella bombi, Bacillus licheniformis, Lactococcus lactis, Bacillus megaterium, Lactobacillus ruminis, and Lactococcus lactis. NMCC-Ru2 has exhibited the enormous potential of antimicrobial activity, 28 mm, for Salmonella typhimurium;23 mm for Listeria monocytogenes 21 mm for E.coil. Highest resistance was seen in NMCC-Ru2 agasint test antbiotic, like 25.5 mm for Tetracycline. Overall results revesl that the probiotic profile of isolates was achieved using standard criteria, particularly with animal probiotic properties

Devido à extensa aplicação de antibióticos como promotores de crescimento na alimentação animal, a resistência aos antimicrobianos aumentou. Para superar esse desafio, os microbiologistas do rúmen buscam novos probióticos para melhorar a produtividade do gado. O presente estudo teve como objetivo isolar e avaliar bactérias lácticas específicas de raças (BAL) como potenciais probióticos animais. 12 cepas foram isoladas de diferentes amostras, incluindo leite, rúmen e fezes de búfalos Nilli Ravi. Esses isolados foram avaliados quanto ao seu potencial antimicrobiano contra patógenos animais comuns (Bacillus spp., E. coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella spp., Listeria spp.). Todos os isolados foram identificados por meio do sequenciamento do gene 16S rRNA e as análises filogenéticas inferiram que essas cepas apresentaram estreita relação com as espécies de vários gêneros; Enterococcus lactis, Pediococcus pentosaceus, Bacillus subtilis, Weissella cibaria, Weissella soli, Bacillus tequilensis, Weissella bombi, Bacillus licheniformis, Lactococcus lactis, Bacillus megaterium, Lactobacillus ruminis e Lactococcus lactis. O perfil probiótico dos isolados foi obtido usando critérios padrão, particularmente com propriedades probióticas animais.

A goat eye, wet lab model for training in Descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty

Here we describe a new, non-human, ex-vivo model (goat eye model) for training surgeons in DMEK surgeons. In a wet lab setting, goat eyes were used to obtain a pseudo-DMEK graft of 8 mm from the goat lens capsule that was injected into another goat eye with the same maneuvers described for human DMEK. The DMEK pseudo-graft can be easily prepared, stained, loaded, injected, and unfolded into the goat eye model reproducing the similar maneuvers used for DMEK in a human eye, except for the descemetorhexis, which cannot be performed. The pseudo-DMEK graft behaves similar to human DMEK graft and useful for surgeons to experience and understand steps of DMEK early in learning curve. The concept of a non-human ex-vivo eye model is simple and reproducible and obviates the need for human tissue and the issues of poor visibility in stored corneal tissue.

Optimization of Growth Parameters for Enhancing the Production of Biosurfactants from Pediococcus pentosaceus S-2

Numerous Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) have been found to be capable of synthesizing surface-active compounds i.e biosurfactants. These are amphiphilic compounds produced by microorganisms on their cell surface or secreted extracellularly that have a tendency to reduce surface and interfacial tension. In the present study, different process parameters including nitrogen and carbon source, pH, temperature, aeration and agitation were optimized to maximize the production of biosurfactants from Pediococcus pentosaceus S-2. Xylose (1.5%) and yeast extract (1.5%) act as better carbon and nitrogen sources respectively for the production of biosurfactants. Maximum biosurfactant yield was observed at pH 6, a temperature of 35o C, an agitation rate of 200 rpm and with inoculum size of 3%. The high yield of biosurfactants produced from Pediococcus pentosaceus S-2 by utilizing media supplemented with whey under optimized conditions.

Descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty (DMEK) aquarium: Diving in to learn DMEK surgical concepts

A novel simulation model (without using human corneas) has been described for understanding the surgical concepts and developing tactile reflexes of Descemet membrane (DM) endothelium scroll manipulation and orientation in the anterior chamber, which are necessary for performing Descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty (DMEK). Termed the “DMEK aquarium,” this model helps facilitate the understanding of different maneuvers of the DM graft needed inside the fluid-filled anterior chamber, like unrolling or unfolding, flipping or inversion, and checking orientation and centration in the host cornea. A stepwise plan for surgeons starting to learn DMEK utilizing various available resources is also suggested.

Tratamento percutâneo de origem anômala de coronária direita com trajeto maligno em paciente com morte súbita abortada / Percutaneous treatment of anomalous origin of the right coronary artery with malignant course in a patient with aborted sudden death

Anomalias coronarianas são menos frequentes em relação às doenças coronarianas adquiridas, como a aterosclerose, e têm sido implicadas como causa de eventos cardiovasculares. Este relato de caso descreve um achado incidental por angiografia de coronária direita anômala com origem no seio coronariano esquerdo e trajeto intra-arterial, após episódio de morte súbita abortada. A análise do Heart Team indicou como melhor tratamento a abordagem percutânea com implante de stent farmacológico em origem de coronária direita, procedimento este que foi realizado com sucesso. Este relato de caso e estudos recentes têm demonstrado que o tratamento percutâneo de anomalias coronarianas é uma opção segura para pacientes selecionados, levando em consideração quadro clínico, estudo anatômico e capacitação da equipe de hemodinâmica

Coronary anomalies are less frequent than acquired coronary diseases, such as atherosclerosis, and have been implicated as a cause of cardiovascular events. This case report describes an incidental finding on angiography of an anomalous right coronary artery with origin in the left coronary sinus and an intra-arterial course, after an episode of aborted sudden death. The Heart Team analysis indicated a percutaneous approach with drug-eluting stent implantation at the origin of the right coronary artery as the best treatment, and the procedure was successfully performed. This case report and recent studies have demonstrated percutaneous treatment of coronary anomalies is a safe option for selected patients, considering clinical presentation, anatomy study, and training of the cath lab team

Advances in three-dimensional tumor models for colorectal cancer / 中华肿瘤杂志

Conventional tumor culture models include two-dimensional tumor cell cultures and xenograft models. The former has disadvantages including lack of tumor heterogeneity and poor clinical relevance, while the latter are limited by the slow growth, low engraftment successful rate, and high cost. In recent years, in vitro three-dimensional (3D) tumor models have emerged as the tool to better recapitulate the spatial structure and the in vivo environment of tumors. In addition, they preserve the pathological and genetic features of tumor cells and reflect the complex intracellular and extracellular interactions of tumors, which have become a powerful tool for investigating the tumor mechanism, drug screening, and personalized cancer treatment. 3D tumor model technologies such as spheroids, organoids, and microfluidic devices are maturing. Application of new technologies such as co-culture, 3D bioprinting, and air-liquid interface has further improved the clinical relevance of the models. Some models recapitulate the tumor microenvironment, and some can even reconstitute endogenous immune components and microvasculature. In recent years, some scholars have combined xenograft models with organoid technology to develop matched in vivo/in vitro model biobanks, giving full play to the advantages of the two technologies, and providing an ideal research platform for individualized precision therapy for specific molecular targets in certain subtypes of tumors. So far, the above technologies have been widely applied in the field of colorectal cancer research. Our research team is currently studying upon the application of patient-derived tumor cell-like clusters, a self-assembly 3D tumor model, in guiding the selection of postoperative chemotherapy regimens for colorectal cancer. A high modeling success rate and satisfactory results in the drug screening experiments have been achieved. There is no doubt that with the advancement of related technologies, 3D tumor models will play an increasingly important role in the research and clinical practice of colorectal cancer.

Experience and thinking of principal investigator system management in laboratories of medical schools / 中华医学科研管理杂志

Objective:Principal Investigator (PI) system is the most common model of scientific research organization and management in colleges and universities. PI is the head of the laboratory or the leader of the research team who has the authority to manage the supporting team, funds, and space (laboratory). We aim to explore the advantages and problems of the PI system implementation and deeply understand how to effectively and scientifically manage the project management, personnel coordination, and fund use of the entire team to promote the scientific research output of the PI platform of medical schools in China.Methods:By concluding and analyzing the management experience and main bottlenecks of PI laboratories at home and abroad, and summarizing our center's experience in assisting the management of PI laboratories in life sciences, we explored a new model of PI system development suitable for China.Results:Under PI system, the person in charge systematically learns to operate his or her laboratory scientifically. Perfection and improvement of the methodologies of team formation, laboratory public affairs management, and laboratory fund management can effectively avoid existing problems and follow the intrinsic laws of scientific research development and truth-seeking, promote the development in discipline development, interdisciplinary cooperation, personnel training, and study style construction.Conclusions:As the leader and manager of the scientific research team, PI is critical to the development of scientific research in universities in China. The incubation of a new scientific management model for the PI team is conducive to promoting the scientific and technological innovation of the PI team and the long-term development of scientific research institutions.

Evaluation of some effective potentialities of newly formulated rice fermented food using Elephantopus scaber L. rhizome as herbal starter

Traditionally, fermented food and beverages are prepared by adding a mixture of plant residues as a starter or source of microbes. Most of the conventional fermented foods use a local starter which contains a mixture of herbs or old ferment or otherwise cereal dust-coated tablet. In this study, we have made an attempt to prepare a rice-based fermented food with the herbal starter (0.5% w/w) of Elephantopus scaber L. rhizome, and also examined its microbial and nutrient profiles. The food product is fortified with organic acid and titratable acidity of 0.58% and also contained an excellent source of microbes (LAB and Bifidobacterium sp.). The fermented food contains significant amount of fat, protein, minerals, vitamins, oligosaccharide, unsaturated fatty acids (?3, ?6, ?7 and ?9) and a pool of free amino acids. The presence of phytochemical contents in the fermented rice was also exhibited significant effects against commercially available free radicals (DPPH, ABTS, FRAP and OH-radicals). Thus, food-grade microbes containing newly formulated fermented food would provide essential macro-and micro-nutrients to the individuals and convey the sustainability of good health. Therefore, the mentioned plant part would be used as an effective starter for aiding rice-based food products.

Impact of clinical and various lab parameters on final outcome of acute confusional state patients of different etiologies at tertiary care center

Background: Acute confusional state or delirium is a clinical syndrome characterized by disturbed consciousness, cognitive function, or perception. The delirium usually develops over a short period of time (usually hours to days) and it has a tendency to fluctuate during the course of the day. Materials and methods: This study was undertaken on the patients presenting with acute confusional state to the emergency wing of Acharya Shri Chander College of Medical Sciences and Hospital, Jammu to find out the Outcome, Hospital Stay and Prognosticate of different causes of ACS. Patients of acute confusion state that were admitted in the emergency wing of Postgraduate Department of Medicine Acharya Shri Chander College of medical sciences and hospital were enrolled prospectively in the study. Sixty patients of acute confusional state from November 2015 to October 2016 were enrolled who were selected from various patients admitted in ASCOMS. Results: Most patients were in the age group of 61-70 years i.e. 6th decade. Mean age of males was 63.78 (range, 35 to 92) years and of females was 65.85 (range, 26 to 95) years. Median age of males was 64 years and of females 68 years. Sex wise, patients were equally distributed with 32 (53.33%) males and 28 (46.67%) females with male to female ratio of 1.14:1 Out of 60 patients there were 10 deaths, the mortality being 16.67%, 39 (65%) had good recovery and 11 (16.67%) patients had partial recovery. Overall mortality was 16.67%. The mortality depends on age, etiology of acute confusional state, initial GCS and some lab Parameters (TLC, PH, SO2). Conclusion: The increased hospital stay and the prolonged acute confusional state in patients discharged alive were increased age, etiology of ACS, abnormal CT head, decreased PO2 and SO2, focal neurological deficit.

Minimizing scattered radiation dose in cardiac catheterization laboratory during interventional procedures using lead free drape – MILD study

Objective: RADPAD is a lead-free sterile drape that reduces scattered radiation during fluoroscopic procedures. We aimed to study the effect of using RADPAD on primary operator (PO) and secondary operator (SO) during coronary angiography (CAG) as well as percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Methods: 137 patients undergoing elective CAG and PCIwere randomized in a 1:1 pattern with or without the RADPAD. The ratio of PO received dose in mrem to total Air Kerma (AK) in mGy, Dose Area Product (DAP) in mGycm2 and Cine Adjusted Screening Time (CAST) in minute, at the end of the procedure with or without RADPAD were measured and designated as dose relative to AK, DAP and CAST. The exposure ratios were compared for both cohorts. Results: There was no significant difference in CAST, DAP and AK between the two patient cohorts. PO radiation dose relative to CAST was 0.15 ± 0.18 mrem/min for RADPAD cohort and 0.43 ± 0.31 mrem/min for No RADPAD cohort (p < 0.00001). PO dose relative to DAP was 0.00042 ± 0.00049 mrem/mGycm2 for RADPAD cohort and 0.0011 ± 0.0013 mrem/mGycm2 for No RADPAD cohort (p ¼ 0.000014). PO dose relative to AK was 0.0030 ± 0.0037 mrem/mGy for RADPAD cohort and 0.0071 ± 0.0049 mrem/mGy for No RADPAD cohort (p < 0.00001). All PO doses relative to CAST, DAP and AK were significantly reduced in the RADPAD cohort compared to the No RADPAD cohort. Similar findings were observed for the SO also. Conclusion: RADPAD significantly reduces radiation exposure to both PO and SO during CAG and PCI. © 2022 Published by Elsevier, a division of RELX India, Pvt. Ltd on behalf of Cardiological Society of India

Probiotic Potentials of Lactic Acid Bacteria Isolated from Fermented Foods

This study investigated the probiotic potentials of seven lactic acid bacteria (LAB) strains at different temperatures, pH, and bile salt concentrations. Their antimicrobial activity and antibiotic susceptibility were also determined. There were significant (P˂0.05) differences in the LAB growth at 45-650C with viable counts ranging from 4.28-8.34 Log10 Cfu/ml after 48 h. The LAB strains showed significant (P˂0.05) increase at pH 2, 2.5 and 3 after 3 and 6 h. L. parabuchneri LMG was viable at 45 and 65oC with 99.30 and 65.00% survival respectively. The LAB showed high resistance to 0.3% bile salt at 97.90%. L. plantarum CIP was viable with 95.40% survival at pH 3.0 after 3 h. All the LAB strains were susceptible to cefuroxime (20 µg/ml) and erythromycin (10 µg/ml) at 13.00-45.00 mm zone of inhibition (ZOI). They had strong antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 9027 and Listeria monocytogenes ATCC 15313. Leuconostoc mesenteroides LM and L. brevis ATCC inhibited the five tested food borne pathogens with ZOI varying from 8.00-26.00 mm. The results from this study showed that the LAB strains isolated from fermented foods had probiotic potential and can be used for research and commercial purposes.

Redrawing vitreoretinal surgical training program in the COVID-19 era: Experiences of a tertiary care institute in North India

Purpose: The COVID?19 pandemic has brought medical and surgical training to a standstill across the medical sub?specialties. Closure of outpatient services and postponement of elective surgical procedures have dried up opportunities for training vitreoretinal trainees across the country. This “loss” has adversely impacted trainees’ morale and mental health, leading to feelings of uncertainty and anxiety. Therefore, there is an urgent need to redraw the surgical training program. We aimed to describe a systematic stepwise approach to vitreoretinal surgical training. Methods: We introduced a three?pronged approach to vitreoretinal surgical training comprising learn from home, wet lab and simulator training, and hands?on transfer of surgical skills in the operating room in our institute. Results: Encouraging results were obtained as evaluated by feedback from the trainees about the usefulness of this three?pronged approach in developing surgical skills and building their confidence. Conclusion: The disruption caused by the COVID?19 global pandemic should be used as an opportunity to evolve and reformulate surgical training programs to produce competent vitreoretinal surgeons of the future.

To Study the Clinical Efficacy and Safety of Remdesivir in Hospitalized Adult Patients with Moderate-to-Severe COVID-19 Disease in ICU of a Tertiary Center in Bihar

Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has adversely affected the human health and wealth across the globe and is still posing a serious challenge to us. In the armamentarium of various drugs approved for COVID-19, remdesivir proved to be a major breakthrough in the treatment of moderate-to-severe cases. Our study is regarding its clinical efficacy and safety in hospitalized reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) confirmed adult patients with moderate-to-severe COVID-19 disease. Material and methods: A total of 100 patients with moderate-to-severe COVID-19 (RT-PCR positive) admitted in the intensive care unit (ICU) of Sri Krishna Medical College and Hospital (SKMCH), Muzaffarpur, Bihar, were enrolled in the study from 12th August to 11th November, 2020. All patients were given injection remdesivir as 200 mg IV loading dose on Day 1, followed by 100 mg IV daily for next 4 days along with other standard treatment. Results: Out of total 100 patients, 88 patients recovered and were discharged, while 12 patients died. Mean age of patients was 54 ± 16 years with male preponderance (4:1). Mean duration of hospital stay was 10.6 ± 5.4 days. C-reactive protein, D-dimer, ferritin and interleukin-6 decreased significantly after treatment with remdesivir, with p value <0.01, as compared to values at the time of admission, without any significant side effects. Conclusion: Early administration of remdesivir helps contribute to better clinical outcome in moderate-to-severe COVID-19 disease, without any significant side effects.

The presence of anemia in patients with leg ulcer: laboratory test / La presencia de anemia en pacientes con úlcera de la pierna: prueba de laboratorio / Presença de anemia em pacientes com úlcera da perna: testes laboratoriais

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the presence of anemia in patients with chronic lower limb ulcers based on profile and hematometric indices. Method: This is a cross-sectional study carried out in a university hospital in Rio de Janeiro. The sample was composed of 64 participants with lower limb ulcers and evolution time greater than 12 weeks. Data was collected between May/2016 and December/2017 from hematological analyses, records from medical records, and wound assessment form. Results: 36 (56.2%) were male; 38 (59.4%) between 60 and 80 years old; 56 (87.5%) with chronic diseases and 52 (81.2%) with venous ulcers. 6 years mean of active ulceration. Anemia was detected in 36 (56.2%), 27 (75%) of which were normochromic and normocytic; 14 (38.8%) had deficiency anemia recorded in their medical chart. Conclusion: The low hemoglobin concentration is recurrent among the participants characterizing an anemia condition, whose profile reveals congruence to the anemia of chronic disease.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Evaluar la presencia de anemia en pacientes con úlceras crónicas de miembros inferiores desde el perfil e índices hematimétricos Método: Este estudio seccional transcurrió en un hospital universitario de Río de Janeiro, con una muestra de 64 participantes con úlceras en los miembros inferiores y tiempo de evolución superior a 12 semanas. Los datos se recopilaron entre mayo/2016 y diciembre/2017 investigando los análisis hematológicos, registros en las historias clínicas y formularios de evaluación de la herida. Resultados: 36 (56,2%) eran hombres; 38 (59,4%) tenían entre 60 y 80 años; 56 (87,5%) padecían de enfermedades crónicas y 52 (81,2%), de úlceras venosas. El promedio era de 6 años de úlcera activa. Se detectó anemia en 36 (56,2%), siendo que en 27 (75%) era normocrómica/normocítica; 14 (38,8%) presentaban anemia carencial registrada en la historia clínica. Conclusión: La baja concentración de hemoglobina es recurrente entre los participantes caracterizando un cuadro de anemia que coincide con el de anemia de enfermedad crónica.

RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar a presença de anemia em pacientes com úlceras crônicas de membros inferiores a partir do perfil e dos índices hematimétricos. Método: Estudo seccional realizado em um hospital universitário do Rio de Janeiro. Amostra composta por 64 participantes com úlceras de membros inferiores e tempo de evolução maior que 12 semanas. Dados coletados entre maio/2016 e dezembro/2017, a partir de análises hematológicas, registros nos prontuários e em formulário de avaliação da ferida. Resultados: 36 (56,2%) eram do sexo masculino; 38 (59,4%) entre 60 e 80 anos; 56 (87,5%) com doenças crônicas e 52 (81,2%) com úlceras venosas. Média de 6 anos de úlcera ativa. Detectou-se anemia em 36 (56,2%), sendo 27 (75%) normocrômica e normocítica; 14 (38,8%) apresentavam anemia carencial registrada em prontuário. Conclusão: A baixa concentração de hemoglobina é recorrente entre os participantes, caracterizando um quadro de anemia cujo perfil revela congruência ao da anemia da doença crônica.

Validación de Experimentos Cognitivos con PEBL y Wundts Lab / Validation of Cognitive Experiments with PEBL and WundtS Lab

Resumen Actualmente las herramientas tecnológicas están reemplazando los métodos tradicionales en diversos campos de la psicología, un fenómeno de alto impacto; por esta razón se realizó un análisis de las características de validez y confiabilidad de pruebas expérimentales computarizadas empleando un estudio psicométrico instrumental que contó con 267 participantes que realizaron 589 aplicaciones pareadas de pruebas, en tanto que la mayoría llevó a cabo más de dos tareas cognitivas. Mediante un análisis discriminante, se identificaron cuatro pruebas computarizadas PEBL y tres pruebas computarzadas Wundt's Lab, consistentes con medidas cognitivas validadas, a diferencia de tres pruebas PEBL y cuatro pruebas Wundt's Lab, que no mostraron tal evidencia. Adicionalmente, se encontraron convergencias entre los desempenos de pruebas Mental Rotation de PEBL y Wundt's Lab, así como asociaciones pareadas entre desempenos de pruebas de memoria operativa verbal y visoespacial, de atención y de percepción del movimiento. Finalmente, se evidenciaron asociaciones relevantes entre los resultados de los participantes en las pruebas y la variable "sexo". Los resultados apoyan la existencia de características psicométricas en siete pruebas computarizadas, haciendo relevante su uso en diversos campos de la evaluación cognitiva.

Abstract Currently, technological tools are replacing traditional methods in many fields of psychology, a phenomenon of high impact. For this reason, validity and reliability characteristics analysis of computerized experimental tests were carried out, using an instrumental psychometric study, which had 267 participants taking part in 589 paired applications of tests. Through a discriminant analysis, four computerized PEBL tests and three computerized Wundt's Lab tests were identified, consistent with validated cognitive measures, as opposed to three PEBL tests and four Wundt's Lab tests, which did not show such evidence. Additionally, convergences were found between PEBL and Wundt's Lab's Mental Rotation test performances, as well as paired associations between verbal and visuospatial working memory, and attention and movement perception test performances. Finally, relevant associations were shown between the results of the participants in the tests and the sex variable. Results support the existence of psychometric characteristics in seven computerized tests, making their use relevant in various fields of cognitive evaluation.

A Simple and Low-Cost, but Naturalistic Method for Introducing Students to Action Potentials

Abstract Current trends in science education recommend the complementary use of virtual and hands-on methods of teaching. In neurobiology, for instance, there is a plethora of virtual laboratories and simulators that can be readily combined with traditional physical labs. Unfortunately, physical laboratories are almost unaffordable for many institutions due to the high cost of equipment. In this paper, we present a simple and low-cost in vivo method for demonstrating some of the basic biophysical properties of neural action potentials. The method involves the following steps: a) dissection of the ventral nerve cord of earthworm; b) electrical stimulation; c) amplification and visualization of the medial and lateral giant fibers' action potentials; and d) recording. The system showed stability, expected amplification, high signal-to-noise ratio, and an estimated total cost of US$ 5.662. We provide guidelines for assembling the system and discus its utility as a teaching alternative for low budget institutions.

Governança participativa e a expansão do conceito de saúde na experiência do community lab na itália / Participatory governance and the expansion of the health concept in the community lab experience in italy / Gobernanza participativa y la expansión del concepto de salud en la experiencia del community lab en italia

Este artigo estuda a metodologia do Community Lab (CL), um projeto de welfare participativo desenvolvido na região da Emilia Romana na Itália, que envolve movimentos sociais e comunitários e atores governamentais. Investigaremos duas experiências desse projeto, analisando os efeitos do processo participativo para os atores e para as políticas de saúde. A pesquisa qualitativa, de cunho etnográfico, combinou técnicas como diário de campo e entrevistas, com oficinas de escrita estruturadas em uma pesquisa-ação que envolveu participantes do CL. Destaca-se a flexibilidade metodológica, que responde mais às dinâmicas sócio-culturais e organizacionais dos territórios, do que às normativas institucionais, conciliando os efeitos na gestão, a democratização do processo decisório e a implementação das políticas públicas. O CL amplia as categorias de atores envolvidos e, com isso, as noções de saúde, fomentando a intersetorialidade e transformação dos aparatos estatais..

This article studies the methodology of the Community Lab (CL), a participatory welfare project developed in the Emilia Romana region in Italy, which involves social and community movements and government actors. We will investigate two experiences of this project, analyzing the effects of the participatory process for the actors and for health policies. The qualitative research, of an ethnographic nature, combined techniques such as field diaries and interviews, with writing workshops structured in an action research that involved CL participants. The methodological flexibility stands out, which responds more to the socio-cultural and organizational dynamics of the territories, than to the institutional regulations, reconciling the effects on management, the democratization of the decision-making process and the implementation of public policies. The CL expands the categories of actors involved and, with this, the notions of health, fostering the intersectoriality and transformation of state apparatus.

Este manuscrito apunta a La posibilidad de que una discusión debate integra lãs nociones de juventud, territorio y seguridad. Piensar que esas nociones y entrelazamientos se vuelven relevantes como medio de análisis y justificacion esperpassan y mantener El control como formas de juventuden Brasil. Los analizadores de três investigaciones, como los que atravesan este tema son usados: El primero discute un problema de seguridad em escuelas públicas del Estado; un segundo sobre adolescentes insertados sistema de justicia juvenil, pero también el estado de Río; y una final, com el análisis sobre la política de drogas en Brasil. Afirmando que La diversidad y multiplicidad de formas son jóvenes líneas, se trazan líneas de segregación que delimitan a algunas juventudes como más peligrosas, que se convierten em um mayor objetivo de control social. Así, La seguridad y El territorio se sostienen como líneas transversales a las temáticas de cada investigación y se delinean como racionalidades que concurren em la construcción de las políticas públicas para cierta juventud en Brasil.

Efecto de Lactobacillus casei microencapsulado sobre la salud intestinal y parámetros bioquímicos y productivos en pollo de engorde / Effect of microencapsulated Lactobacillus casei on intestinal health and on biochemical and productive parameters in broiler

RESUMEN El sector avícola ha disminuido los antibióticos por problemas de resistencia, lo que ha generado interés investigativo en alternativas para el manejo sanitario. Por ello, se evaluó el efecto del suministro de Lactobacillus casei microencapsulado en los parámetros productivos y salud intestinal del pollo de engorde. La investigación incluyó 240 pollos, en 4 tratamientos: alimento sin antibióticos ni anticoccidiales (T0), alimento con probiótico comercial (T1) y T2 y T3 con inclusión de L. casei microencapsulado y sin microencapsular, respectivamente. Se evaluó la eficiencia y la viabilidad de la conservación de la bacteria por parte del microencapsulado, además de sus características físicas. Se valoró in vivo el suministro de la bacteria láctica, mediante los parámetros productivos, bioquímicos en sangre, la morfología intestinal y la respuesta inmunológica. Se observó viabilidad y eficiencia de 75,9 y 89,4%, para el microencapsulado. El grupo de tratamiento con probiótico microencapsulado tuvo incremento significativo en la ganancia de peso y de consumo de alimento (p<0,05). En la bioquímica sanguínea solo se encontró un incremento del colesterol con el microencapsulado (p<0,05). Se mejoró la respuesta inmunológica con el suministro de L. casei microencapsulado (p<0,05). Se concluye que el uso de L. casei microencapsulado puede mejorar los parámetros productivos e inmunológicos del pollo de engorde.

ABSTRACT The poultry production has reduced antibiotics due to resistance problems, which has generated research interest in alternatives for sanitary management. Therefore, the effect of supplying microencapsulated Lactobacillus casei on the production parameters and intestinal health of broilers was evaluated. The research included 240 chickens in 4 treatments: food without antibiotics or anticoccidials (T0), food with commercial probiotic (T1), and T2 and T3 with inclusion of microencapsulated and non-microencapsulated L. casei, respectively. The efficiency and viability of the conservation of the bacterium by the microencapsulate was evaluated, in addition to its physical characteristics. The supply of lactic acid bacteria was evaluated in vivo by means of the productive, biochemical parameters in blood, intestinal morphology and the immune response. Viability and efficiency of 75.9 and 89.4% were observed for the microencapsulation. The microencapsulated probiotic treatment group had a significant increase in weight gain and food consumption (p<0.05). In blood biochemistry, an increase in cholesterol was only found with microencapsulation (p<0.05). The immune response was improved with the supply of microencapsulated L. casei (p<0.05). It is concluded that the use of microencapsulated L. casei can improve the productive and immunological parameters of broilers.

Systemic thrombolysis with tenecteplase in stent thrombosis patients as a life saving measure in odd situations: an observational study from tertiary care hospital

Background: Coronary artery stent thrombosis specifically acute stent thrombosis is always a nightmare for interventionist. Stent thrombosis is one of a severe and catastrophic complication of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Repeat PCI is commonly considered the preferred strategy to manage patients with stent thrombosis. Thrombolytic therapy is considered only partially effective.Methods: This was a single centre largest ever observational study on this topic comprising of total 110 patients with history of previous stent implantation and now presented with an acute ST segment elevation myocardial infarction due to a probable stent thrombosis successfully treated with systemic thrombolysis with tenecteplase were studied over the period of 2 years (April 2017 to March 2019).Results: On analyzing data clinical success was reported in 92 (83.6%) patients, electrocardiographic success is seen in 102 (92.7%) patients while angiographic success was reported in 80(72.7%) patients. Cerebrovascular accident were reported in 2 (1.8%) patients which died later on.Conclusions: This study which is the first ever largest observational study on this topic demonstrates that, in patients with probable stent thrombosis and a short time to reperfusion in some specific extraordinary situations where timely percutaneous coronary intervention is not possible, systemic thrombolysis by fibrin specific Tenecteplase can be done as a life saving procedure which is associated with good immediate results.