ABSTRACT
No presente artigo são problematizadas as táticas adotadas pelo movimento sindical brasileiro nos períodos recentes, em particular entre os anos de 2003-2015/2016 durante os governos petistas, para enfrentar os conflitos oriundos da relação entre capital e trabalho. A partir da pesquisa realizada, é possível afirmar que as perspectivas de negociação e de conciliação de interesses, de classes assimiladas pelas organizações representativas dos trabalhadores em face do capital, acabaram por criar as condições necessárias para levar a cabo a contrarreforma trabalhista recentemente aprovada, cujo conteúdo materializa a pauta da burguesia nacional para enfrentar a queda das taxas de lucro no contexto de crise estrutural do capitalismo. A reconstrução dos processos sociais que culminaram na referida contrarreforma é essencial para que os trabalhadores possam avaliar o impacto negativo daquelas táticas sobre o acervo de direitos conquistados historicamente e elaborar respostas que efetivamente contribuam para a emancipação social.
This article analyzes the tactics adopted by the Brazilian trade union movement in recent times, particularly between 2003 and 2015/2016, during the PT (Worker's Party) governments, in order to deal with conflicts arising from the relationship between capital and labor. Based on the research, it is possible to affirm that the prospects for negotiation and conciliation of the interests of classes assimilated by workers' representative organizations in the face of capital, created the necessary conditions to carry out the recently approved labor counter-reforms, whose content materializes the agenda of the national bourgeoisie to face the fall of the rates of profit in the context of the structural crisis of capitalism. The reconstruction of the social processes which culminated in this counter- reform is essential for workers to be able to assess the negative impact of those tactics on the collection of historically conquered rights, and elaborate answers that effectively contribute toward social emancipation.
Subject(s)
Work/trends , Labor Unions , Public Policy/historyABSTRACT
On July 3, 1928, the Wonsan Labor Union established the Wonsan Laborers' Hospital in Seoku-dong, Wonsan for the purpose of reducing medical consultation fees for its members. The union's efforts to improve the welfare of its members include the establishment of an educational institute, a consumers union, a barbershop, and a relief department. The Laborers' Hospital, which began with ten wards, was led by a team of two doctors, one midwife, two pharmacists, and four nurses. The two doctors were Cheol-sun Cha and Jeong-kwon Lee, and the midwife/nurse was Sun-jeong Kim. Union members received a 40% discount on medicine, and this was utilized by a daily average of 60 to 70 workers, or 21,000 workers annually. The Laborers' Hospital was clearly distinct from medical facilities founded as charity institutions in that funds were raised by the recipients themselves, and that the recipients formed a community based on their common status as laborers. However, the Wonsan Laborers' Hospital was shut down in roughly April 1929 due to the breaking of the general strike, and the heightened suppression of union activities prevented any additional opening of laborers' hospitals until Korea's liberation from Japan. Nevertheless, the history of the Wonsan Laborers' Hospital represents a key development in Korea's health coverage. It is not adequate to declare, as was the case in past research, Korea's health coverage to be simply an imitation of the Western system and lacking its own history. Despite some differences in scale and operation, the development of health coverage in the Korean peninsula is in line with the history of health coverage development in the West. The Wonsan Laborers' Hospital, founded and operated by the laborers themselves, thus holds great significance in the history of Korea's health coverage, The findings of this study are expected to stimulate new and more diverse discussions on the history of health coverage in Korea.
Subject(s)
Humans , Asian People , Charities , Fees and Charges , Financial Management , Japan , Korea , Labor Unions , Midwifery , Occupations , Pharmacists , Strikes, EmployeeABSTRACT
El constructo contemporáneo de calidad de vida implica la valoración de los recursos materiales y subjetivos con los que cuentan los individuos; valorar el bienestar o la satisfacción de los ciudadanos es una prioridad nacional e internacional, y principalmente se vuelve importante para analizar a poblaciones con funciones importantes dentro de la sociedad. En el presente estudio se evaluó la calidad de vida en una población de 473 profesores en formación de la zona conurbada de Monterrey. Se utilizó una prueba con cuatro escalas que integran los componentes objetivos y subjetivos de calidad de vida, que fue ajustada y evaluada por Arita (2005, 2006) y Tánori (2011). La población de estudio es muy importante porque históricamente han tenido estabilidad laboral mediante el apoyo de una comunidad magisterial sindicalizada. Se encontró que hay diferencias en cuanto a si los profesores en formación tienen un familiar que ejerce la profesión de docencia, y otras variables relevantes fueron el número de miembros de la familia y la cantidad de enseres domésticos con los que cuentan. Particularmente, el componente subjetivo es el que mejor explica la calidad de vida de los profesores. Se concluye que, debido a las políticas reformistas en educación, para futuros estudios sería importante comparar la percepción de los profesores antes y después de dicha reforma.
The contemporary construct of "quality of life" involves the analysis of material resources and subjective well being. Assessing the welfare or satisfaction of citizens is a national and international priority and it is mainly important on populations with valuable functions in society. In this study, quality of life was assessed in a population of 473 students that were being trained to teach in the metropolitan area of Monterrey. A test with four scales that integrates objective and subjective components of quality of life was used, This test was adjusted by Arita (2005, 2006) and Tanori (2011). This population is very important because historically it have had a job stability with support of union membership. We found that there are differences as to whether student teachers have a family that exercises the profession of teaching; other relevant variables were the number of family members and the amount of household goods. Particularly the subjective component is the best to explain the quality of life of teachers. We concluded that reformist policies on education may change teachers' perception before and after the reform.
ABSTRACT
O presente artigo teórico propõe-se a debater sobre o processo de organização sociopolítica dos psicólogos na Bahia, trazendo como objetivo uma reflexão sobre o papel das entidades representativas da classe nesse processo. Com esse fim, foi realizada uma revisão de literatura que tratou da conjuntura histórica da regulamentação e do desenvolvimento da Psicologia no Brasil, assim como sobre a sua organização sociopolítica. Além disso, devido à escassez de estudos que abordam esse tema, foram incluídos depoimentos coletados durante a realização deste artigo, e, para isso, foram feitas entrevistas semiestruturadas com alguns membros envolvidos com as entidades representativas dos psicólogos no Estado da Bahia. Este estudo buscou discutir, principalmente, a atuação e a função do Conselho Regional de Psicologia - Região 03 e do Sindicato dos(as) Psicólogos(as) no Estado da Bahia - SINPSI-BA. Ao final, são levantadas algumas reflexões sobre a atuação e o engajamento das (os) psicólogas (os) bem como a análise do papel desse profissional na sociedade baiana.
The present theoretical article proposes to discuss about Bahia's psychologists socio-political organization process, having as objective the reflection about the class representative entities role in this process. With this aim a literature review about the historic conjuncture on psychology regulation and development in Brazil has been done, as well as on its socio-political organization. Furthermore, due to the scarcity of works about this issue, interviews done while during the execution of this article were included. With this target, semi-structured interviews with some members involved in the psychologists representative entities in Bahia state have been made. This study aimed at discussing primarily Psychology Regional Council - Third Region and Bahia State Psychology Labor Union - SINPSI BA performance and function. In the end, some thoughts about psychologist's action and engagement are listed, as well as an analysis of this professional's role in Bahia's society.
El presente artículo teórico se propone debatir sobre el proceso de organización sociopolítica de los psicólogos en Bahía, trayendo como objetivo una reflexión sobre el papel de las entidades representativas de la clase en ese proceso. Con ese fin, fue realizada una revisión de la literatura que trató la coyuntura histórica de la reglamentación y del desarrollo de la Psicología en Brasil, así como sobre su organización sociopolítica. Además, debido a la escasez de estudios que abordan ese tema, fueron incluidas declaraciones recolectadas durante la realización de este artículo, y, para eso, se realizaron entrevistas semiestructuradas con algunos miembros involucrados con las entidades representativas de los psicólogos en el Estado de Bahía. Este estudio buscó discutir, principalmente, la actuación y la función del Consejo Regional de Psicología - Región 03 y del Sindicato de los (las) Psicólogos (las) en el Estado de Bahía - SINPSI-BA. Al final, son realizadas algunas reflexiones sobre la actuación y el compromiso de los psicólogos así como el análisis del papel de ese profesional en la sociedad bahiana.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Civil Rights , Professional Review Organizations , Psychology , Health Policy , Social Class , Social Control, FormalABSTRACT
PURPOSE: This study was done to investigate the effects of university hospital nurses' organizational conflict between organizational commitment and labor union commitment, so as to provide data on prevention of conflict with the hospital and to improve work achievement with commitment of two different groups: hospital and labor union commitment. METHODS: Data collection was conducted from May 15 to 31, 2011 for nurses registered in the labor union of a university hospital. The collected data were analyzed using t-test, ANOVA, Scheffe test and multiple regression. RESULTS: Organizational commitment of the nurses showed significant differences according to age, position and work experience, and degree of labor union commitment according to academic achievement. The factors affecting labor union commitment were organizational conflict and recognition of need for labor union, which accounted for 19% of the variance. Factors affecting organizational commitment were organizational conflict, recognition of need for labor union, participation in organizational events, and renewal of membership in the union, which accounted for 33% of the variance. CONCLUSION: The results of this study indicate that there is a need to improve work achievement by minimizing conflict and preventing labor disputes for better organizational commitment and labor union commitment of nurses.