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Objective: To systematically evaluate the impact of acupuncture on exercise-induced fatigue (EIF). Methods: Scopus, Springer Link, Web of Science, PubMed, Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang Academic Journal Full-text Database (Wanfang), Chongqing VIP Database (CQVIP), and China Biology Medicine Disc (CBM) were systematically searched to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) studying acupuncture treatment of EIF from the inception till August 2020. The risk of bias in the included studies was assessed using the Cochrane handbook. RevMan 5.3 was used to conduct statistical analysis on the extracted data. Results: A total of 11 RCTs were included for meta-analysis, involving 531 patients. It was revealed that acupuncture produced more significant effects in alleviating subjective fatigue [standardized mean difference (SMD)=-3.08, 95％ confidence interval (CI) (-4.35, -1.81), P<0.001], increasing the hemoglobin content [weighted mean difference (WMD)=3.89, 95％CI (1.37, 6.42), P=0.003], reducing the lactate dehydrogenase content [WMD=-10.63, 95％CI (-17.67, -3.59), P=0.003], reducing the blood lactic acid content [SMD=-2.65, 95％CI (-4.47, -0.83), P=0.004], and down-regulating the levels of serum creatine kinase [SMD=-0.79, 95％CI (-1.10, -0.48), P<0.001] and blood urea nitrogen [WMD=-1.47, 95％CI (-1.84, -1.11), P<0.001] than the control groups. Conclusion: Based on the existing evidence, acupuncture can be recognized as effective in improving EIF and is worthy of promotion in clinical settings.
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Objective:The clinical features, laboratory indices, and imaging data of patients with Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PJP) were described and analyzed, aiming to provide helpful information for the diagnosis and treatment of PJP. Methods:A retrospective study were conducted with data from 154 PJP patients who visited China-Japan Friendship Hospital from May 2017 to August 2020. Their clinical characteristics, laboratory and imaging data, and clinical outcomes were collected for analysis. The patients were further divided into the death group (51 cases) and the survival group(103 cases). The differences between the groups were compared by using t-test, nonparametric test, and chi-square test. Results:Of the 154 PJP patients, there were 89 males and 65 females, with a mean age of (53.7±14.8) years. Among them, 85.7% (132/154) were on immunosuppressive/glucocorticoids agents within the past month. Besides, 27.9% (43/154) and 33.1% (51/154) had kidney diseases and connective tissue diseases, respectively. The major clinical manifestations in these patients involved fever 82.9% (126/154), cough 59.7% (92/154), and dyspnea 52.6% (81/154). For the laboratory data, the lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) was 561.0 (434.3, 749.0) IU/L and the value increased in 91.3% (95/104) of the patients. The CD4+T-cell lymphocytes in 88.0% (95/108) and 57.4% (62/108) of patients were lower than 400/μl and 200/μl, respectively. Furthermore, (1, 3)-β-D glucan (BG) increased in 74.4% (67/90) of PJP patients (≥100.0 ng/L). For the imaging results, chest computed tomography (CT) showed diffuse ground-glass shadows/grid shadows in 90% (117/130) patients. Compared with the survival group, higher LDH [690.5 (528.8, 932.3) IU/L vs 502.5 (381.8, 657.0) IU/L, Z=-3.375, P=0.001], white blood cell count (WBC) [9.8 (5.8, 12.6) ×10 9/L vs 7.3 (5.0, 10.1) ×10 9/L, Z=-2.392, P=0.017], and age [(69.8±14.5) years vs (50.6±14.0) years, t=-3.756, P=0.001] were found in the death group. Lower lymphocyte ratio [5.3 (3.2, 9.3) % vs 9.6 (5.6, 17.2) %, Z=?3.262, P=0.001] and oxygen partial pressure (PaO 2) levels [(73.2±20.5) mmHg vs (64.8±17.7) mmHg (1 mmHg=0.133 kPa), t=2.345, P=0.021] were also observed in the death group. Furthermore, in the death group, the bacterial and fungal infection rate was higher than the rates in the survival group [55.1% (27/51) vs 21.5% (22/103), χ 2=15.372, P=0.001]. Conclusions:Long-term use of immunosuppressive agents or glucocorticoids predispose to PJP. CD4+T-lymphocytes, LDH, and BG might be used as important auxiliary examinations for PJP patients. Age, LDH, WBC, lymphocyte ratio, PaO 2 and possible combinations with bacterial or fungal infections are more closely related to the prognostic of PJP patients.
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Objective:To explore the factors influencing complete remission in patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), and to explore the effect of the interaction of Karnofsky performance status scale (KPS) scores and the level of lactate dehydrogenases (LDH) on whether patients with DLBCL are completely relieved.Methods:The clinical data of 373 DLBCL patients admitted to Shanxi Province Cancer Hospital from January 2014 to December 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. SPSS 25.0 logistic regression model and Cox proportional risk regression models were used to explore the factors affecting complete remission in patients with DLBCL and to explore whether there was a multiplicative interaction between the factors. For factors with multiplicative interactions, the Matrix package, epiR package, and survival package in R 4.2.0 software were used to analyze whether there was an additive interaction. The relative excess risk of interaction (RERI), attributable proportion due to interaction (AP), and the synergy index (S) were used to evaluate the presence of additive interactions.Results:Elevated β 2 macroglobulin (β 2-MG), KPS scores below 80, and elevated LDH were risk factors for incomplete remission in patients with DLBCL (all P < 0.05). The risk of incomplete remission in patients with elevated β 2-MG, KPS scores below 80 and LDH was 1.971 times ( OR = 1.971, 95% CI 1.161-3.346), 2.056 times ( OR = 2.056, 95% CI 1.057-4.000) and 3.351 times ( OR = 3.351, 95% CI 1.783-6.300) higher than those in patients with normal β 2-MG, KPS scores above 80 and non-elevated LDH, respectively. There was a negative multiplicative interaction between the two risk factors of KPS scores below 80 and elevated LDH ( OR = 0.317, 95% CI 0.126-0.785). The estimated value of RERI, AP and S was -2.07 (95% CI -4.79-0.64),0.50 (95% CI -1.68-0.32),0.50 (95% CI 0.22-1.13), respectively; and there was no additive interaction among them. Conclusions:Elevated β 2-MG, KPS scores below 80, and elevated LDH are risk factors influencing incomplete remission for patients with DLBCL. The combined effect in patients with the combination of elevated LDH and KPS scores below 80 is lower than the single effect of the multiple of the both. There is a negative multiplicative interaction and no additive interaction in DLBCL patients with KPS scores below 80 and elevated LDH level.
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Objective@#To investigate the levels of matrix metalloproteinases-3 (MMP-3), adenosine deaminase (ADA) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in the hydrothorax and ascites, and to approach the diagnostic value of three combined indexes in benign and malignant hydrothorax and ascites.@*Methods@#Case-control study. A total of 278 patients with hydrothorax and ascites were enrolled in this study who were hospitalized in the First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine from August 2018 to July 2019 to detect the levels of MMP-3, ADA and LDH in the hydrothorax and ascites. The benign group (208 patients) and malignant group (70 patients) were compared with MMP-3, ADA, LDH, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, sensitivity and specificity in the hydrothorax and ascites, and the results were compared comprehensively.@*Results@#(1)The MMP-3 level in the benign hydrothorax group was 89.21±61.93 ng/mL, the ADA level was (9.08±8.89) U/L, the LDH level was (143.34±68.63) U/L, and the MMP-3 level in the malignant hydrothorax group was (205.63±98.16) ng/mL, he ADA level was (10.96±5.04) U/L, the LDH level was (243.44±131.20) U/L. The MMP-3 level in the benign ascites group was (84.91±73.48) ng/mL, the ADA level was (3.48±2.80) U/L, the LDH level was (99.48±69.53) U/L, and the MMP-3 level in the malignant ascites group was (174.89±82.48) ng/mL, the ADA level was (6.31±4.42) U/L, the LDH level was (191.86±94.52) U/L. The levels of MMP-3, ADA and LDH in the hydrothorax and ascites of the malignant group were higher than those in the benign group, and the difference was statistically significant (Z1 values were 5.215, 2.549, 3.212, respectively, and Z2 values were 6.188, 4.524, 6.38, respectively, P1 and P2 were <0.05). (2)The area under the curve (AUC) of MMP-3 for diagnosis of hydrothorax, liver cancer ascites and gastric cancer ascites was 0.853, 0.826, and 0.763, respectively. The sensitivity was 76%, 96.9%, and 92.3%, respectively, and the specificity was 80%, 64.5%, 61.6%. The diagnostic efficacy of MMP-3 in lung cancer hydrothorax and liver cancer ascites was higher than ADA (AUC were 0.672, 0.691,respectively) and LDH (AUC were 0.717, 0.804, respectively), and the diagnostic efficacy of gastric cancer ascites was lower than ADA (AUC is 0.808) and LDH (AUC is 0.849), and LDH was the best. (3)The AUC of MMP-3, ADA and LDH combined diagnosis of lung cancer hydrothorax, liver cancer ascites and gastric cancer ascites were 0.861, 0.842, and 0.879, respectively. The sensitivities were 64%, 96.9%, and 84.6%, respectively, and the specificities were 92.9%, 63.8%, and 80.4%, respectively. In the lung cancer hydrothorax, liver cancer ascites and gastric cancer ascites, the combined efficacy of the three combined tests was better than the combined detection of MMP-3 and LDH (AUC were 0.86, 0.839, 0.872, respectively), combined detection of MMP-3 and ADA (AUC were 0.845, 0.831, 0.855, respectively), LDH and ADA combined detection (AUC were 0.713, 0.791, 0.846, respectively).@*Conclusions@#MMP-3 is important for the differential diagnosis of benign and malignant hydrothorax and ascites, and may be one of the important indicators for the differential diagnosis of benign and malignant hydrothorax and ascites. The diagnostic efficacy of MMP-3 combined with ADA and LDH and three combined detection is better than single index, which has certain clinical value for differential diagnosis of benign and malignant hydrothorax and ascites.
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Objective@#To investigate the clinical significance of cellular immune function, inflammatory factors and myocardial enzyme detection in evaluation of prognosis of septic shock, so as to provide a reference for clinical diagnosis and treatment of septic shock.@*Methods@#From June 2015 to June 2018, 73 patients with septic shock treated in the First People's Hospital of Yongkang were selected as the research subjects.According to the 28d prognosis after the patients entered the ICU, the patients were divided into the death group and the survival group.Another 67 cases of health examination from June 2015 to June 2018 were selected as control group.The changes of T lymphocyte subsets includingCD3, CD4 and CD8 were measured by BD FACSCanto I I flow cytometry, the content of procalcitonin(PCT) was determined by immunoluminescence assay, the content of C-reactive protein(CRP) was determined by immunoturbidimetry, and the content of creatine kinase MB(CK-MB), cardiac troponin I(cTnI) and lactate dehydrogenase(LDH) was determined by enzymatic kinetics.@*Results@#The APACHE Ⅱ score and MODS score of the survival group and the death group were higher than those of the control group [(2.20±0.61)points and (4.86±1.29)points]. The APACHE Ⅱ score and MODS score of death group [(16.45±4.28)points and (27.63±4.97)points] were higher than those of survival group [(9.84±2.45)points and (19.84±3.28)points](all P<0.05). The CD3+, CD4+ and CD4+/CD8+ in the survival group and the death group were significantly lower than those in the control group[(71.32±6.96)%, (42.63±4.26)%, (1.67±0.31)%](all P<0.05). The contents of PCT and CRP in the survival group and the death group were higher than those in the control group [(0.19±0.03)ng/mL and (2.19±0.76)mg/L], and the contents of PCT [(15.93±3.26)ng/mL] and CRP [(184.32±29.80)mg/L] in the death group were higher than those in the survival group [(6.87±1.94)ng/mL and (69.49±17.42)mg/L] (all P<0.05). The CK-MB content in the survival group and the death group of septic shock was lower than that in the control group [(1.97±0.21)μg/L], and the cTnI and LDH contents were higher than that in the control group [(0.03±0.01)μg/L and (168.93±16.52)U/L], the content of CK-MB [(0.68±0.10)μg/L] in the death group was lower than that in the survival group [(1.27±0.13)μg/L], while the contents of cTnI [(0.39±0.06)μg/L] and LDH [(384.52±39.89)U/L] in the death group were lower than those in the survival group [(0.17±0.04)μg/L and (257.18±25.47)U/L] (P<0.05).@*Conclusion@#The immune function of the patients with septic shock is obviously reduced, there are obvious inflammatory reactions and abnormal myocardial enzymes, and the detection of cellular immune function, inflammatory factors and myocardial enzymes can be used as an effective index to judge the shock of septic shock.
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Objective To investigate the levels of matrix metalloproteinases-3 (MMP-3), adenosine deaminase (ADA) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in the hydrothorax and ascites, and to approach the diagnostic value of three combined indexes in benign and malignant hydrothorax and ascites. Methods Case-control study. A total of 278 patients with hydrothorax and ascites were enrolled in this study who were hospitalized in the First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine from August 2018 to July 2019 to detect the levels of MMP-3, ADA and LDH in the hydrothorax and ascites. The benign group (208 patients) and malignant group (70 patients) were compared with MMP-3, ADA, LDH, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, sensitivity and specificity in the hydrothorax and ascites, and the results were compared comprehensively. Results (1)The MMP-3 level in the benign hydrothorax group was 89.21±61.93 ng/mL, the ADA level was (9.08±8.89) U/L, the LDH level was (143.34± 68.63) U/L, and the MMP-3 level in the malignant hydrothorax group was (205.63 ± 98.16) ng/mL, he ADA level was (10.96±5.04) U/L, the LDH level was (243.44±131.20) U/L. The MMP-3 level in the benign ascites group was (84.91±73.48) ng/mL, the ADA level was (3.48±2.80) U/L, the LDH level was (99.48±69.53) U/L, and the MMP-3 level in the malignant ascites group was (174.89 ± 82.48) ng/mL, the ADA level was (6.31 ± 4.42) U/L, the LDH level was (191.86±94.52) U/L. The levels of MMP-3, ADA and LDH in the hydrothorax and ascites of the malignant group were higher than those in the benign group, and the difference was statistically significant (Z1 values were 5.215, 2.549, 3.212, respectively, and Z2 values were 6.188, 4.524, 6.38, respectively, P1 and P2 were <0.05). (2)The area under the curve (AUC) of MMP-3 for diagnosis of hydrothorax, liver cancer ascites and gastric cancer ascites was 0.853, 0.826, and 0.763, respectively. The sensitivity was 76％, 96.9％, and 92.3％, respectively, and the specificity was 80％, 64.5％, 61.6％. The diagnostic efficacy of MMP-3 in lung cancer hydrothorax and liver cancer ascites was higher than ADA (AUC were 0.672, 0.691, respectively) and LDH (AUC were 0.717, 0.804, respectively), and the diagnostic efficacy of gastric cancer ascites was lower than ADA (AUC is 0.808) and LDH (AUC is 0.849), and LDH was the best. (3)The AUC of MMP-3, ADA and LDH combined diagnosis of lung cancer hydrothorax, liver cancer ascites and gastric cancer ascites were 0.861, 0.842, and 0.879, respectively. The sensitivities were 64％, 96.9％, and 84.6％, respectively, and the specificities were 92.9％, 63.8％, and 80.4％, respectively. In the lung cancer hydrothorax, liver cancer ascites and gastric cancer ascites, the combined efficacy of the three combined tests was better than the combined detection of MMP-3 and LDH (AUC were 0.86, 0.839, 0.872, respectively), combined detection of MMP-3 and ADA (AUC were 0.845, 0.831, 0.855, respectively), LDH and ADA combined detection (AUC were 0.713, 0.791, 0.846, respectively). Conclusions MMP-3 is important for the differential diagnosis of benign and malignant hydrothorax and ascites, and may be one of the important indicators for the differential diagnosis of benign and malignant hydrothorax and ascites. The diagnostic efficacy of MMP-3 combined with ADA and LDH and three combined detection is better than single index, which has certain clinical value for differential diagnosis of benign and malignant hydrothorax and ascites.
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Objective To investigate the clinical significance of cellular immune function, inflammatory factors and myocardial enzyme detection in evaluation of prognosis of septic shock,so as to provide a reference for clinical diagnosis and treatment of septic shock.Methods From June 2015 to June 2018,73 patients with septic shock treated in the First People＇s Hospital of Yongkang were selected as the research subjects.According to the 28d prognosis after the patients entered the ICU,the patients were divided into the death group and the survival group. Another 67 cases of health examination from June 2015 to June 2018 were selected as control group.The changes of T lymphocyte subsets includingCD3,CD4 and CD8 were measured by BD FACSCanto I I flow cytometry,the content of procalcitonin(PCT) was determined by immunoluminescence assay,the content of C -reactive protein(CRP) was determined by immunoturbidimetry,and the content of creatine kinase MB(CK-MB),cardiac troponin I(cTnI) and lactate dehydrogenase(LDH) was determined by enzymatic kinetics. Results The APACHE Ⅱ score and MODS score of the survival group and the death group were higher than those of the control group [(2.20 ± 0.61)points and (4.86 ± 1. 29 ) points]. The APACHE Ⅱ score and MODS score of death group [(16. 45 ± 4. 28) points and (27.63 ± 4.97)points] were higher than those of survival group [(9.84 ± 2.45)points and (19.84 ± 3.28)points] (all P＜0.05).The CD+3 ,CD+4 and CD+4 /CD+8 in the survival group and the death group were significantly lower than those in the control group[(71.32 ± 6.96)%,(42.63 ± 4.26)%,(1.67 ± 0.31)%] ( all P＜0.05).The contents of PCT and CRP in the survival group and the death group were higher than those in the control group [(0.19 ± 0.03) ng/mL and (2.19 ± 0.76)mg/L],and the contents of PCT [(15.93 ± 3.26) ng/mL] and CRP [(184.32 ± 29.80)mg/L] in the death group were higher than those in the survival group [(6.87 ± 1.94)ng/mL and (69.49 ± 17.42)mg/L] (all P＜0.05).The CK-MB content in the survival group and the death group of septic shock was lower than that in the control group [(1.97 ± 0.21)μg/L],and the cTnI and LDH contents were higher than that in the control group [(0.03 ± 0.01)μg/L and (168.93 ± 16.52) U/L],the content of CK-MB [(0.68 ± 0.10)μg/L] in the death group was lower than that in the survival group [(1.27 ± 0.13)μg/L],while the contents of cTnI [(0.39 ± 0.06)μg/L] and LDH [(384.52 ± 39.89)U/L] in the death group were lower than those in the survival group [(0.17 ± 0.04) μg/L and (257.18 ± 25.47) U/L] ( P ＜0.05). Conclusion The immune function of the patients with septic shock is obviously reduced,there are obvious inflammatory reactions and abnormal myocardial enzymes, and the detection of cellular immune function, inflammatory factors and myocardial enzymes can be used as an effective index to judge the shock of septic shock.
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Objective To investigate the diagnostic value of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) isoenzymes in children with refractory mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (RMPP). Methods One hundred and forty-seven children with mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (MPP) in Children′s Medical Center, Dongfeng Hospital Affiliated to Hubei University of Medicine from July 2016 to July 2018 were selected. Among them, RMPP was in 54 cases (RMPP group), and non-RMPP was in 93 cases (non-RMPP group). The white blood cell count (WBC), C- reactive protein (CRP), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and creatine kinase (CK) were detected; meanwhile, the serum levels of total LDH and LDH isoenzymes (LDH1, LDH2, LDH3, LDH4 and LDH5) were measured by radioimmunoassay. Results The ESR, AST, ALT, LDH1, LDH2, LDH4, LDH5 and total LDH in RMPP group were significantly higher than those in non-RMPP group:(23.15 ± 3.62) mm/h vs. (19.45 ± 3.04) mm/h, (37.20 ± 6.82) U/L vs. (31.49 ± 4.70) U/L, (35.48 ± 5.72) U/L vs. (27.31 ± 7.22) U/L, (89.77 ± 5.26) U/L vs. (85.01 ± 7.65) U/L, (154.60 ± 22.30) U/L vs. (133.17 ± 32.82) U/L, (61.51 ± 10.09) U/L vs. (47.74 ± 11.22) U/L, (78.99 ± 12.86) U/L vs. (64.98 ± 7.14) U/L and (511.49 ± 38.90) U/L vs. (450.19 ± 47.63) U/L, and there were statistical differences (P＜0.05); there were no statistical differences in WBC, CRP, CK and LDH3 between 2 groups (P＞0.05). Logistic regression analysis result showed that the ESR, AST, ALT, LDH1, LDH4 and LDH5 were the risk factors of RMPP ( OR=0.618, 0.735, 0.785, 0.769, 0.866, 0.880; 95% CI 0.430 to 0.888, 0.596 to 0.906, 0.665 to 0.926, 0.646 to 0.917, 0.781 to 0.961, 0.803 to 0.965; P<0.01). Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis result showed that the area under curve (AUC) of RMPP predicted by LDH5 was the largest (0.857), and then by LDH4 (0.819). The critical values were 70.74 and 53.14 U/L respectively; the AUC of RMPP predicted by LDH4 combined with LDH5 was 0.914, and the critical values was 130.10 U/L, with a sensitivity of 83.3% and a specificity of 92.5% , 95% CI 0.856 to 0.954. Conclusions Serum levels of LDH4 and LDH5 are significantly increased in children with RMPP. LDH4 combine with LDH5 detection might be useful in predicting the occurrence of RMPP.
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Objective To evaluate the protective effect of WSY6 (a caffeic acid derivative) on hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced oxidative stress injury in melanocytes,and to explore its potential molecular mechanism.Methods In vitro cultured human primary melanocytes were divided into 5 groups:control group receiving no treatment,H2O2 group treated with 1 mmol/L H2O2,6.25,12.5,25 μmol/L WSY6 groups pretreated with 6.25,12.5,25 μmol/L WSY6 respectively followed by 1-hour treatment with 1 mmol/L H2O2.After 24-hour treatment,MTS assay was performed to determine the survival rate of melanocytes,and the lactate dehydrogenase (LDH)kit was used to detect the LDH leakage level.Some melanocytes were divided into 2 groups:inhibitor group pretreated with the p38 inhibitor for 1 hour followed by 1-hour treatment with 1 mmol/L H2O2,and H2O2 group treated with 1 mmol/L H2O2 for 1 hour.After 24-hour treatment,the LDH kit was used to detect the LDH leakage level.Some other melanocytes were pretreated with 25 μmol/L WSY6 for 1,2,4 hours separately,followed by 1-hour treatment with H2O2.Then,flow cytometry was conducted to detect the level of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS).Some melanocytes were treated with 6.25,12.5,25 μmol/L WSY6 separately for 1 hour,followed by 1-hour treatment with H2O2.Then,Western bolt analysis was performed to determine the protein expression of cytochrome c (cyto-c),caspase-3,caspase-9,phosphorylated (p)-p38 MAPK,p-ERK and p-JNK.Results Compared with the control group,the H2O2 group showed significantly decreased survival rate of melanocytes (29.22％ ± 1.31％,P ＜ 0.05),but significantly increased intracellular LDH leakage level (47.19％ ± 4.85％,P ＜ 0.05),elevated intracellular ROS level (18.37 ± 1.59,P ＜ 0.05),and increased expression of caspase-3 and caspase-9.Compared with the H2O2 group,the 6.25,12.5,25 μmol/L WSY6 groups showed significantly increased cell survival rate (52.48％ ± 1.17％,60.21％ ± 0.25％,78.32％ ± 1.73％,P ＜ 0.05),but significantly decreased LDH leakage level (21.99％ ± 0.22％,15.38％ ± 0.45％,13.18％ ± 0.38％,P ＜ 0.05),and the intracellular ROS level was significantly decreased in the 25 μmol/L WSY6 group after 1,2,4 hours of treatment (7.59 ± 1.00,6.22 ± 0.52,5.1 ± 0.48,P ＜ 0.05).The LDH leakage level in melanocytes was significantly lower in the p38 inhibitor group than in the H2O2 group (P ＜ 0.05).Western blot analysis revealed that after the pretreatment with 6.25,12.5,25 μmol/L WSY6 separately,the WSY6 groups all showed obviously decreased expression of caspase-3,caspase-9 and p-p38 compared with the H2O2 group.However,there was no obvious difference in the expression of p-ERK and p-JNK between the WSY6 groups and the H2O2 group.Besides,the WSY6 groups showed decreased expression of p-p53 (a downstream product of p38 MAPK),which decreased along with the increase in the concentration of WSY6.Conclusion WSY6 shows a markedly protective effect on H2O2-induced oxidative stress injury in melanocytes,likely through the p38 MAPK pathway.
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The growth of tumour cells is closely related to cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs)present within their microenvironment. CAFs, the most abundant cells in tumour stroma, secretegrowth factors that play pivotal roles in tumour cell proliferation, metabolism, angiogenesis andmetastasis. Tumour cells adapt to rapid environmental changes from normoxia to hypoxia throughmetabolic interplay with CAFs. In this mini review, we discuss the role of lactate dehydrogenases(LDHs) and monocarboxylate transporters (MCTs) on the metabolic interplay between tumourcells and CAFs under hypoxia compared to normoxia. The LDHs catalyse the interchange oflactate and pyruvate, whereas MCTs facilitate the influx and efflux of monocarboxylates, especiallylactate and pyruvate. To sum up, tumour cells switch their metabolic state between glycolysis andoxidative phosphorylation through metabolic interplay with CAFs, which exhibit the Warburgeffect under hypoxia and reverse Warburg effect under normoxia.
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Objective To observe the relationship between the dynamic changes of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and the clinical efficacy of lymphoma. Methods The retrospective study was performed on 51 lymphoma patients with EBV-positive in Anhui Provincial Cancer Hospital from September 2015 to August 2017. The treatment effect of lymphoma was evaluated by the changes of EBV DNA, lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) and lymph nodes. Results Among the 51 lymphoma patients, EBV DNA elevated in 18 patients when the LDH was elevated, 23 cases presented with EBV DNA decrease and the LDH also decreased. EBV DNA decreased in 2 patients when the LDH was elevated. Eight patients were elevated when LDH was reduced. The quantification of EBV DNA and LDH had high consistency (κ = 0.609, P= 0.000). Among the 51 lymphoma patients, 20 patients with elevated EBV DNA were elevated with lymph nodeen largement, the lymph nodes in 22 cases with EBV DNA decrease were also decreased. EBV DNA decreased in 3 patients when the lymph nodes were enlarged. Six patients were elevated when lymph nodes were reduced. The quantification of EBV and lymph nodes had high consistency (κ = 0.648, P= 0.000). Patients with elevated EBV DNA during the course of treatment showed an increase in the mean value of LDH, and the patients with reduced EBV DNA during treatment also had lower average LDH. LDH levels were positively correlated with EBV DNA in patients with EBV-positive lymphoma (r= 0.627, P= 0.000). Conclusion Dynamic detection of EBV DNA and LDH can be used as the evaluation index of therapeutic effect and follow-up in patients with EBV-positive lymphoma.
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Objective To explore the clinical significance of serum myocardial enzyme detection in infants with rotavirus (RV) enteritis.Methods One hundred and two infants with enteritis were selected as study objects .52 cases diagnosed as RV enteritis were selected as observation group ,while the other 50 cases with negative RV were selected as control groups .The fasting serum myocardial enzyme levels of the two groups were detected .Results The serum myocardial enzyme levels including AST ,ALT,LDH,CK,CK-MB,α-HBD in the observation group were (46.54 ±3.27)U/L,(28.32 ±12.90)U/L,(395.61 ±38.75)U/L,(148.43 ±18.22)U/L,(62.98 ±4.17)U/L, (271.28 ±22.64) U/L,respectively,which were significantly higher than those in the control group [(34.02 ± 8.93)U/L,(22.27 ±11.42) U/L,(295.84 ±56.36) U/L,(119.74 ±20.06) U/L,(42.85 ±9.73) U/L, (235.30 ±19.18) U/L] (t =26.765,24.572,38.337,31.329,25.453,56.832,all P <0.05).Conclusion Infants with RV enteritis are more likely to have myocardial injury than simple RV negative enteritis ,it is important to monitor ECG and serum myocardial enzyme levels ,which can help to diagnose and improve prognosis .
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Objective: To evaluate the application value of fluorine-18-fludeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) PET/CT maximal standard uptake (SUVmax) in the diagnosis of lymphoma. Methods: A total of 103 patients with lymphoma which confirmed by pathological diagnosis in Gansu Provincial Hospital from January 2011 to December 2016 were collected. All patients underwent a whole body simultaneous18F-FDG PET/CT and had complete clinical data. The possible relationships of SUVmax with the different pathological subtypes, clinical stages and risk grades of lymphoma were analyzed. The correlations of SUVmax value with Ki-67 index, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) were analyzed. Results: There was no significant difference in SUVmax between Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) and non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) (P > 0.05). The SUVmax in patients with strongly invasive diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), T-lymphoblastic lymphoma (T-LBL), anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL) and natural killer (NK)/T cell lymphoma was higher than that in patients with relatively weakly invasive mantle cell lymphoma (MCL), peripheral T-cell lymphoma (PTCL), small lymphocytic lymphoma (SLL), follicular lymphoma (FL) (grade 1-2) and marginal zone lymphoma (MZL) (P 0.05). The SUVmax had no significant difference between stage -Ⅱ and III- in the patients with lymphoma (P > 0.05). The SUVmax in the patients with high-risk NHL was higher than that in the patients with intermediate- and low-risk NHL (both P 0.05). Conclusion:18F-FDG PET/CT SUVmax can be used as a reference indicator for evaluating the invasive degree of lymphoma, predicting Ki-67 index, and judging the risk classification of NHL.
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Objective To investigate the expression and clinical significance of lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA) in breast cancer.Methods Tissue samples of 76 breast cancers and corresponding paired adjacent normal tissues were collected and made into tissue micrcarrays (TMAs).Immunohistochemistry (IHC) analysis was performed to detect the expression of LDHA and further analyzed the correlation of LDHA expression and clinicopathological variables and prognosis of breast cancers.Results LDHA was frequently upregulated in breast cancer tissues compared to the normal breast tissues (P ＜ 0.05).High LDHA expression was associated with distant metastasis (P ＜ 0.05) and worse patient prognosis (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions LDHA is closely related to the occurrence and clinical progress of breast cancers.LDHA might be a potential novel molecular marker for diagnosis,prognosis and therapy in breast cancers.
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Objective@#To investigate the expression and clinicopathological significance of hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha (HIF-1α), glucose transporter 1(GLUT-1) and lactate dehydrogenase(LDH)-5 in colorectal cancer.@*Methods@#The expression levels of HIF-1α, GLUT-1 and LDH-5 were detected by immunohistochemical staining in 142 specimens of human carcinoma in comparison with adjacent normal tissues.@*Results@#The expression levels of HIF-1α(78.2%, 111/142), GLUT-1(75.4%, 107/142) and LDH-5(68.3%, 97/142) were higher in tumor tissues than in adjacent normal tissues(14.8%, 21/142; 11.3%, 16/142; 7.0%, 10/142; P<0.01 for all three proteins), and such over-expression was significantly associated with lymphovascular invasion, tumor grade and pathological stages(all P<0.01). Additional studies showed that HIF-1α, GLUT-1 and LDH-5 were positively associated with each other(r<0.3, P<0.05 for all three proteins).@*Conclusion@#The data suggest that HIF-1α, GLUT-1 and LDH-5 expression may serve as prognostic indicators for colorectal cancer patients.
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Objective To evaluate the value of 18 F-FDG PET/CT imaging in predicting the progno-sis of newly diagnosed SCLC with normal serum LDH ( SCLC-nsLDH) . Methods A total of 68 SCLC pa-tients (59 males, 9 females, median age:58.5 years) proved by pathology between June 2005 and Decem-ber 2016 were retrospectively analyzed. All patients underwent 18 F-FDG PET/CT. The general information of patients, including LDH, NSE, OS, PFS and SUVmax , were recorded. SUVmax differences were analyzed with Mann-Whitney u test. Life-table method and Kaplan-Meier analysis were used to estimate the survival rate and median survival time. The survival function curve was drawn. Log-rank test was used to analyze whether there existed statistical differences in survival period among different groups. Cox regression analysis was used for screening the influencing factors of prognosis. Results ( 1) In 68 SCLC patients, there were 38 cases with limited disease ( LD) and 30 cases with extensive disease ( ED) . There were 3 cases in stageⅠ, 7 cases in stage Ⅱ, 29 cases in stage Ⅲ, 29 cases in stage Ⅳ. The median SUVmax of the primary tumor was 11.35 (9.90, 13.90). There was no significant difference between the median SUVmax of LD group and that of ED group:11.05(9.72, 13.60) vs 12.25(10. 05, 14.12)months;z=-0.797, P=0.426. The median serum LDH was 195.15(171.00, 220.80) U/L. (2) The median follow-up time was 18(range:2-101) months. The disease developed in 46 patients and 35 patients died. The median OS was 23 (95%CI:13.3-32.7) months and median PFS was 17 (95% CI: 11.4-22.6) months. (3) ROC curve showed the optimal SUVmax cutoff value was 10.85. The OS of patients with SUVmax≤10.85 ( n=25) and with SUVmax>10.85 (n=43) were 40.0(95% CI:2.5-77.5) months and 18.0(95% CI:13.3-22.7) months(χ2=8.956, P=0.003), respectively. (4)Weight loss, VALG stage and primary tumor SUVmax were independent prog-nostic factors for OS (all P<0.05). Only VALG stage was an independent prognostic factor for PFS (P<0. 001) . Conclusion 18 F-FDG PET/CT can help to differentiate the different prognosis of SCLC-nsLDH patients, and provide more evidence for the choice of individual treatment strategy.
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Objective To evaluate the value of 18 F-FDG PET/CT imaging in predicting the progno-sis of newly diagnosed SCLC with normal serum LDH ( SCLC-nsLDH) . Methods A total of 68 SCLC pa-tients (59 males, 9 females, median age:58.5 years) proved by pathology between June 2005 and Decem-ber 2016 were retrospectively analyzed. All patients underwent 18 F-FDG PET/CT. The general information of patients, including LDH, NSE, OS, PFS and SUVmax , were recorded. SUVmax differences were analyzed with Mann-Whitney u test. Life-table method and Kaplan-Meier analysis were used to estimate the survival rate and median survival time. The survival function curve was drawn. Log-rank test was used to analyze whether there existed statistical differences in survival period among different groups. Cox regression analysis was used for screening the influencing factors of prognosis. Results ( 1) In 68 SCLC patients, there were 38 cases with limited disease ( LD) and 30 cases with extensive disease ( ED) . There were 3 cases in stageⅠ, 7 cases in stage Ⅱ, 29 cases in stage Ⅲ, 29 cases in stage Ⅳ. The median SUVmax of the primary tumor was 11.35 (9.90, 13.90). There was no significant difference between the median SUVmax of LD group and that of ED group:11.05(9.72, 13.60) vs 12.25(10. 05, 14.12)months;z=-0.797, P=0.426. The median serum LDH was 195.15(171.00, 220.80) U/L. (2) The median follow-up time was 18(range:2-101) months. The disease developed in 46 patients and 35 patients died. The median OS was 23 (95%CI:13.3-32.7) months and median PFS was 17 (95% CI: 11.4-22.6) months. (3) ROC curve showed the optimal SUVmax cutoff value was 10.85. The OS of patients with SUVmax≤10.85 ( n=25) and with SUVmax>10.85 (n=43) were 40.0(95% CI:2.5-77.5) months and 18.0(95% CI:13.3-22.7) months(χ2=8.956, P=0.003), respectively. (4)Weight loss, VALG stage and primary tumor SUVmax were independent prog-nostic factors for OS (all P<0.05). Only VALG stage was an independent prognostic factor for PFS (P<0. 001) . Conclusion 18 F-FDG PET/CT can help to differentiate the different prognosis of SCLC-nsLDH patients, and provide more evidence for the choice of individual treatment strategy.
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A eletroestimulação-neuromuscular (EENM) é a ação de estímulos elétricos terapêuticos sobre o tecido muscular, visando a contração muscular e consequentemente a melhora dos status muscular. Objetivo: Avaliar a lesão muscular decorrente da contração muscular isométrica induzida por meio da EENM de baixa frequência (30 Hz) e de alta frequência (100 Hz). Métodos: Estudo experimental tipo Cross-over, randomizado e não cego. Participaram do estudo 10 universitários voluntários, gênero masculino, idade de 24,4 ± 6,0 anos, peso de 77,1 ± 11,8 kg, altura de 176,1 ± 5,6 cm e IMC de 24,8 ± 3,4 kg/m2. Dois protocolos (A) e (B) com intervalo de 7 dias entre eles. (A) - 20 minutos de EENM no quadríceps com frequência de 30 Hz. (B) - 20 minutos de EENM com frequência de 100 Hz. Analisado lactato, creatinafosfoquinase e desidrogenase láctica antes, imediatamente após, 6h e 48h após os protocolos. Resultados: Comparando 30 Hz vs. 100 Hz observou-se: lactato (23,7 ± 6,7 vs. 13,4 ± 3,0 mg/dL, p = 0,001); CPK (195,4 ± 116,1 vs. 262,9 ± 153,6 UI, p = 0,022); DHL (374,3 ± 64 vs. 366,6 ± 84,1 UI, ns). A percepção de eficiência contrátil diminuiu significativamente (p = 0,016) no protocolo com 100 Hz. Conclusão: Tanto a EENM de baixa frequência (30 Hz) quanto de alta frequência (100 Hz) elevam os marcadores sanguíneos de lesão muscular, sendo esta elevação, ainda mais acentuada na alta frequência. Entretanto os valores alcançados refletem uma resposta normal para um exercício de moderada intensidade
Neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) is the action of therapeutic electrical stimulation on muscle tissue in order to contract the muscle and consequently improve the muscle status. Objective: To evaluate the muscle damage stemming from isometric muscle contraction induced by NMES of low frequency (30 Hz) and high frequency (100 Hz). Methods: Experimental crossover study, randomized, unblinded. The study included 10 male college students, age 24.4 ± 6.0 years, weight 77.1 ± 11.8 kg, height 176.1 ± 5.6 cm, and BMI of 24.8 ± 3 4 kg/m2. Two protocols (A) and (B) with an interval of 7 days between them. (A) - 20 minutes of NMES in the quadriceps at a frequency of 30 Hz (B) - 20 minutes of NMES at a frequency of 100 Hz. Measured lactate, creatine phosphokinase and lactate dehydrogenase before, immediately after, and 6 and 48 hours after the protocols. Results: Comparing 30 Hz vs. 100 Hz the following were observed: lactate (23.7 ± 6.7 vs. 13.4 ± 3.0 mg/dl, p = 0.001); CPK (195.4 ± 116.1 vs. 262.9 ± 153.6 IU, p = 0.022); LDH (374.3 ± 64 vs. 366.6 ± 84.1 IU, ns). The perception of contractile efficiency decreased significantly (p = 0.016) in the 100 Hz Protocol. Conclusion: Both the low-frequency NMES (30 Hz) and the high-frequency (100 Hz) elevate blood markers of muscle damage, most strikingly at the higher frequency. However, the achieved values reflect a normal response to a moderate-intensity exercise
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Humans , Muscle, Skeletal/injuries , Electric Stimulation/instrumentation , Muscle Contraction , Creatine Kinase , Lactate DehydrogenasesABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the changes and clinical significance of serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH),creatine kinase (CK),glutamate pyruvate transaminase (AST),and cerebrospinal fluid lactate dehydrogenase (CSF LDH) in adult patients with acute central nervous system infection.Methods The levels of myocardial enzymes (AST,LDH,and CK) in serum of 96 adult patients with acute intracranial infection in 7days and 39 healthy people were measured by Beckman automatic biochemical analyzer and enzyme rate assay,and CSF LDH level in 96 patients were measured simultaneously.Results (1) The serum myocardial enzymes (LDH,CK,and AST) of intracranial infection group (47 cases with viral encephalitis,30 cases with tuberculous meningitis,and 19 cases with purulent encephalitis) were significantly higher than those of normal control group (P ＜0.01).(2)The myocardial enzymes (LDH,and AST ) of patients with cerebral functional disorder were significantly higher than those of patients with normal cerebral function (P ＜0.05).(3)The levels of serum AST,LDH,and CK in the virus encephalitis group,serum AST and LDH in the purulent encephalitis group,and serum LDH in the tuberculous meningitis group were significantly higher than those in the control group (P ＜ 0.01).The CSF LDH level in the viral meningitis group was prominently lower than that in the tuberculous encephalitis group and purulent encephalitis group,respectively (P ＜0.01).(4) No correlations were found between CSF LDH and serum myocardial enzymes (P ＞0.05).Conclusions (1)There is significant change in the levels of serum LDH,CK,AST,and CSF LDH of adult patients with acute intracranial infection,especially in infected patients with cerebral functional disorder,and the change of LDH is the most obvious.(2)The levels of serum myocardial enzymes and CSF LDH are helpful to the differential diagnosis of intracranial infection in early stage,and judging the severity of the illness.
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BACKGROUND: There are currently many cryopreservation methods for the aminotic membrane, which have varying effects on the ultrastructure and biological activity of amniotic membrane, but on no one is effective. OBJECTIVE: To compare the effects of different cryopreservation methods on the ultrastructure and viability of aminotic membrane and to seek the ideal cryopreservation method. METHODS: Aminotic membrane separated from the fresh placenta was preserved respectively with deep-frozen cryopreservation and vitrification, and everyway was run for 3 and 6 months. Fresh aminotic membrane was used as control. The ultrastructure of aminotic membrane was observed by transmission electron microscopy, and the viability of aminotic membrane was assessed by microcomputer analysis system for biological oxygen consumption, and immunohistochemical staining combined with image analysis system was used for lactate dehydrogenase activity. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:After 3 and 6 months of crypreservation, the damage to the ultrastructure of aminotic membrane by vitreous cryopreservation was slighter than that of amniotic membrane cryopreserved at-80℃. Compared with the fresh aminotic membrane, the gray value of lactate dehydrogenase and partial pressure of oxygen were significantly decreased in the cryopreserved aminotic membrane by deep-frozen cryopreservation at 3 and 6 months (P < 0.05) and by vitreous cryopreservation at 6 months (P < 0.05), but there was no statisticaly significant difference in the change rate of oxygen partial pressure and the gray value of lactate dehydrogenase between the fresh aminotic membrane and the cryopreserved aminotic membrane by vitreous cryopreservation at 3 months. The present study led to the conclusion that vitreous cryopreservation protocol alows to not only maintain the integrity of AM, but also to preserve the viability of the cels. So the vitreous cryopreservation is superior to the deep-frozen cryopreservation for cryopreservation of aminotic membrane.