Two water environment adaptation models enhance motor behavior and improve the success of the lactate minimum test in swimming rats

Abstract AIMS This study was designed to investigate the effects of 14 water environment adaptation days on motor behavior and physiological condition of swimming rats. METHODS Sixty male Wistar rats were divided into four groups-baseline (Bl) and control (Co) groups-which did not perform the water environment adaptation; and sub (SubAnT) and (SupraAnT) anaerobic threshold groups, which performed 14 water environment adaptation days with sub or supra anaerobic threshold progressive loads (from the tenth day), respectively. The climbing-swimming prevalence (i.e. motor behavior) was analyzed during the water environment adaptation days. Lactate minimum test (LMT) parameters and muscular/hepatic glycogen content in addition to serum creatine kinase were also measured. RESULTS Animals from SubAnT and SupraAnT groups presented a lower climbing-swimming pattern throughout the extent of the experiment (p=0.000), especially after the 5th session. These results were achieved without an improvement in the LMT results or glycogen/creatine kinase. In addition, improvements of 26.6% and 25% for the LMT success rate (i.e. LMT reliability) were obtained only for SubAnT and SupraAnT animals. CONCLUSION Overall, we demonstrated that a water environment adaptation period is necessary for lowering the climbing-swimming pattern without physiological improvement.(AU)

Comparação entre ergômetros específico e convencionais na determinação da capacidade aeróbia de mesatenistas / Comparison between specific and conventional ergometers in the aerobic capacity determination in table tennis players

O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar a necessidade de utilizar protocolo específico para avaliar a capacidade aeróbia de mesatenistas, comparando os testes aplicados em ergômetro específico com ergômetros convencionais. Para isso, nove mesatenistas foram os participantes do estudo (18,22 ± 2,33 anos; altura de 1,76 ± 0,09m; massa corporal de 67,36 ± 10,03kg; gordura corporal de 14,74 ± 6,69 por cento; e índice de massa corporal (IMC) de 21,69 ± 2,71kg/m²). Foram aplicados os testes de lactato mínimo, realizados no ergômetro de braço (LACmin braço) e no cicloergômetro (LACmin ciclo) (ergômetros convencionais) e o teste de limiar anaeróbio em procedimento específico para o tênis de mesa (LAn espec) utilizando um lançador de bolas mecânico como ergômetro. Como procedimentos estatísticos foram utilizados o teste de análise de variância (ANOVA) one way e o teste de correlação produto-momento, com nível de significância de 5 por cento. O LAn espec (48,11 ± 6,82 bolas.min-1) não foi significativamente correlacionado com a intensidade de LACmin braço (91,94 ± 11,51W) (r = 0,18; p = 0,72); e apresentou correlação negativa com a intensidade de LACmin ciclo (157,97 ± 12,51W) (r = - 0,80; p = 0,02). Desse modo, os resultados encontrados no estudo levam a concluir que existe necessidade do uso de protocolo específico para mensurar a capacidade aeróbia no tênis de mesa.

The aim of this study was to verify the necessity to use a specific protocol for evaluating the aerobic capacity in table tennis players, comparing the tests applied in conventional ergometers with test applied in specific ergometer. Nine table tennis players were participants in the study (18.22 ± 2.33 years; 1.76 ± 0.09 m of height; 67.36 ± 10.03 Kg of body mass; 14.74 ± 6.69 percent of fat mass and 21.69 ± 2.71 Kg/m² of body mass index). The participants performed lactate minimum tests in the arm ergometer and cycle ergometer; in addition to incremental test in specific ergometer for determination of the anaerobic threshold (AnTspec) through visual inspection. Statistical procedures used Analysis of Variance test (one-way ANOVA) and the Pearson correlation test, with level of significance of 5 percent. There was not significant correlation between the AnTspec (48.11 ± 6.82 shots.min-1) and the lactate minimum intensity obtained in arm ergometry (91.94 ± 11.51 W) (r=0.18; p=0.72). The lactate minimum intensity in cycle ergometer (157.97 ± 12.51 W) presented significant correlation with the AnTspec (r=-0.80; p=0.02), but a negative correlation was verified. Therefore, a specific protocol is needed for measuring the aerobic capacity in table tennis.