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1.
Rev. biol. trop ; 67(6)dic. 2019.
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1507585

ABSTRACT

Introduction: Ecology and natural history of neotropical land snails is almost unknown. Objetive: In this paper, I analyse the population dynamics of Tikoconus (Tikoconus) costaricanus Barrientos, an understory endemic euconulid. Methods: I compared T. costaricanus' demography patterns in tropical montane forests in central Costa Rica in three habitats with different restoration techniques: a mature forest, a secondary forest and a Cuppressus lusitanica plantation. I collected data in three month periods during a year. I analysed population size in relation with habitat, sampling date, leaf litter humidity, depth and quantity; and specimen size in relation with habitat and sampling date. I also kept some specimens in terraria and described part of their natural history. Results: The species is more abundant in mature forest (Ø = 0.174 ind/m2). The number of specimens in each habitat was constant throughout the year (Kruskall-Wallis = 2.0118, p = 0.57, NS) and hatching occurs in the middle and last months of the rainy season (Kruskall-Wallis = 17.3061, P = 0.00061, **). Number of specimens is related with leaf litter humidity (Spearman correlation, r = 0.3524, n = 232, P < 0.001, **), quantity (Spearman correlation, r = 0.3922, n = 232, P < 0.001, **) and depth (Spearman correlation, r = 0.2543, n = 232, P < 0.001, **). This relationship is explained by the high and stable humid environment provided by leaf litter. Some specimens migrate from foliage to leaf litter during the drier months. Eggs (Ø = 1mm) are laid on moss or soil and the young spend the first 2 or 3 weeks of their life on moss. Egg masses are small (Ø = 4 eggs), and shells look bubbly. Egg development time (20 days) was longer than in other tropical species. Adult pigmentation appears around two months after hatch. In the only case observed, egg laying began 5 months after hatching and the specimen lived 9 months. Conclusions: Restorations techniques should consider leaf litter features in order to protect endemic neotropical humid dependent diversity.


Introducción: La ecología y la historia natural de los moluscos terrestres neotropicales es casi desconocida. Objetivo: En este artículo analicé la dinámica poblacional de Tikoconus (Tikoconus) costaricanus Barrientos, una especie endémica que habita el sotobosque del centro de Costa Rica. Métodos: Comparé los patrones demográficos de la especie en un bosque tropical montano en tres hábitats con diferentes estrategias de restauración: un bosque maduro, un bosque secundario y una plantación de Cuppressus lucitanica. Recolecté datos en periodos de tres meses durante un año. Analicé el tamaño de la población en relación : hábitat, fecha de muestreo, humedad, profundidad y cantidad de la hojarasca. También analicé el tamaño de los especímenes en relación al hábitat y fecha de muestreo. Mantuve algunos especímenes en terrarios y describí parte de su historia natural. Resultados: La especie fue más abundante en el bosque maduro (Ø = 0.174 ind/m2). La cantidad de especímenes en cada hábitat fue constante a lo largo del año (Kruskall-Wallis= 2.0118, P = 0.57, NS) y la eclosión se presenta en la mitad y últimos meses de la estación lluviosa (Kruskall-Wallis = 17.3061, P = 0.00061, **). La cantidad de especímenes estuvo relacionada con la humedad del ambiente que provee la hojarasca. Durante los meses más secos algunos especímenes migran del follaje a la hojarasca. Los huevos (Ø = 1 mm) son depositados en el musgo y en el suelo y los jóvenes pasan las primeras 2 o 3 semanas de su vida en el musgo. Las masas de huevos son pequeñas (Ø = 4 huevos) y los huevos se ven como construidos de burbujas. El tiempo de desarrollo de los huevos (20 días) fue más prolongado que en otras especies tropicales. La pigmentación del adulto aparece alrededor de dos meses después de la eclosión. En el único caso observado la ovoposición empezó a los 5 meses después de la eclosión y el espécimen vivió hasta los 9 meses. Conclusiones: Las técnicas de restauración deben considerar las características de la hojarasca con el fin de proteger la biodiversidad neotropical endémica dependiente de la humedad del ambiente.

2.
Biosci. j. (Online) ; 29(5-Supplement 1): 1721-1730, nov. 2013. tab, ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-967411

ABSTRACT

Rumina decollata (Linnaeus, 1758) é um molusco terrestre, exótico, com hábito alimentar onívoro, considerado predador de lesmas e caracóis. O conhecimento do ciclo de vida e desenvolvimento são de grande relevância para avaliar mecanismos de controle de espécies introduzidas, tendo este trabalho o objetivo de verificar a influência de substratos e da umidade sobre aspectos da biologia e eclosão de R. decollata. Para cada grupo experimental foram analisados os seguintes parâmetros: desenvolvimento, alimentação, taxa de reprodução, maturidade reprodutiva, número de ovos e a influência da umidade e restrição hídrica sobre a eclosão dos jovens. A maior taxa de reprodução entre adultos ocorreu em terra vegetal e areia e entre jovens em argila e terra vegetal. A taxa de mortalidade para jovens foi alta em areia, pouco significativa em argila e não ocorreu em terra vegetal. O substrato não influenciou nas médias de crescimento, com a maturidade reprodutiva atingida aos 109 dias de vida. Nos substratos de areia e argila umedecidos, a eclosão apresentou-se baixa e em condições de restrição hídrica os ovos não se mantiveram viáveis. O substrato de terra vegetal foi mais favorável à eclosão de jovens e também à conservação dos ovos em estádio estacionário, em condições adversas de restrição hídrica. Neste estudo foi evidenciada a existência de relação entre o substrato e a umidade, e os parâmetros reprodutivos de Rumina decollata.


Rumina decollata (Linnaeus, 1758) is an exotic, land molluscs, with omnivorous feeding habits, considered a predator to slugs and snails. The knowledge of the cycle of life and development are of great relevance to assess the control mechanisms of introduced species, having this paper the goal of verifying the influence of substrata and humidity over the aspects of biology and hatching of R. decollate. For every experimental group the following parameters were observed: development, d=feeding, reproduction rate, reproductive maturity, number of eggs and the influence of humidity and hydric restriction over the hatching of the young ones. The largest reproduction rate among adults took place on humus and sand ground and among the young ones on clay and humus ground. The mortality rate for the young ones was high on sand, of little significance in clay and did not take place on humus ground. The substrate did not influence the average growth, with reproductive maturity being reached at 109 days of life. In the humidified sand and clay ground, the hatching was low in conditions of hydric restriction and the eggs were not kept viable. The humus substrate was more favorable to the hatching of the young ones and also to the keeping of the eggs in stationary stage, in adverse hydric restriction conditions. In this study the relationship between substrate and humidity was demonstrated, and the reproductive parameters of the Rumina decollata.


Subject(s)
Soil Moisture , Mollusca , Reproduction , Helminths
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