Captura incidental en nasas del pez león Pterois volitans (Scorpaeniformes: Scorpaenidae) en el Caribe colombiano / Incidental catch in traps of the lionfish Pterois volitans (Scorpaeniformes: Scorpaenidae) in the Colombian Caribbean

Resumen Desde el 2011, los pescadores artesanales de Taganga (Caribe colombiano) capturaron al pez león en nasas para el Parque Nacional Natural Tayrona. Este hecho generó la percepción de que el pez león causó la disminución de la pesca. Para determinar los cambios en las especies capturadas y conocer la abundancia del pez león en este arte, se analizó el desembarco histórico en nasas entre 1993 y 2014, así como, el desembarque a tres unidades económicas de pesca entre marzo 2012 y julio 2014. El análisis histórico mostró que la disminución de las especies y los kilogramos desembarcados ocurrió desde el 2000. Un total de 4 913 individuos fueron desembarcados entre marzo 2012 y julio 2014, de los cuales el 85 % fueron especies de interés comercial y el resto fueron utilizadas por los pescadores para su consumo. Los desembarcos entre marzo 2012 y julio 2014 estuvieron condicionados a factores climáticos, donde la co-ocurrencia de Pterois volitans y las principales especies comerciales y de autoconsumo no mostró evidencia de que el pez león afecte sus abundancias. Se confirma así la presencia del pez león como un nuevo integrante en los desembarcos en nasas en la Bahía de Taganga.

Abstract Incidental catch in traps of the lionfish Pterois volitans (Scorpaeniformes: Scorpaenidae) in the Colombian Caribbean. Since 2011, small-scale fishermen from Taganga Bay (Colombian Caribbean) have been catching lionfish in traps in the Tayrona National Natural Park, which had caused them to believe that the lionfish is the cause of the decrease in overall fishing. In order to determine the changes in the species captured and to know the abundance of the lionfish in this fishing method, we analyzed the historical landings in traps between 1993 and 2014, as well as the landing of three fishing units between March 2012 and July 2014. The historical analysis showed that the decline in species and kilograms landed has been occurring since 2000. A total of 4 913 specimens were landed between March 2012 and July 2014, of which 85 % were species of commercial interest, and the rest were used by fishermen for consumption. Landings between 2012 and 2014 were conditioned by climatic conditions, where the co-occurrence between Pterois volitans and the main commercial species and self-consumption did not provide evidence of the lionfish affecting its abundance. This confirms the presence of the lionfish as a new member in the landings in traps the Taganga Bay. Rev. Biol. Trop. 66(3): 1197-1207. Epub 2018 September 01.

Tiburones y rayas capturados por pesquerías artesanales con línea de fondo en el Golfo Dulce, Costa Rica / Sharks and rays caught by artisanal bottom line in Golfo Dulce, Costa Rica

Resumen De mayo 2010 a mayo 2011 se recolectó información referente a 67 faenas pesqueras artesanal con línea de fondo (44.8% observaciones abordo y 55.2% observaciones de descargas en centros de acopio) realizadas en Golfo Dulce, Pacífico Sur de Costa Rica. Durante las 67 faenas de pesca se analizaron en total 609 tiburones pertenecientes a diez especies. De estas, sobresalen S. lewini (más de 51.8% del total de tiburones analizados), M. lunulatus (23.5%), R. longurio, (13.8%) y C. limbatus (8.9%). Otras especies G. cirratum, G. cuvier, N.velox, S. tiburo y H. mexicanus fueron muy esporádicas ya que aportaron cerca del 2.0% del total. La condición de captura, el bajo valor comercial y la disponibilidad de los pescadores, permitió liberar con vida y sin anzuelos un total de 65 tiburones y 111 rayas, de las cuales 75.7% fueron rayas látigo (D. longa), 12.6% rayas gavilana (A. narinari), 5.4% rayas nariz de vaca (R. steindachneri), 5.4% rayas guitarra (R. leucorhynchus), 2.7% rayas de puntos (U. chilenis), 0.9% rayas mariposa (G. marmorata) y 0.9% mobula (Mobula sp.). Los análisis de CPUE en Golfo Dulce revelaron las mayores CPUE de tiburones en julio-agosto, mientras las mayores capturas de rayas se presentaron en enero-febrero.

Abstract Since May 2010 until May 2011 biological and fishery information regarding 67 artisanal fishing operations were collected in different areas of Golfo Dulce. A total of 30 (44.8%) onboard operations and 37 (55.2%) landings were observed. During onboard operations, a total of 872 fish were caught: 345 (39.6%) were sharks (Sphyrnidae, Carcharhinidae, Heterodontidae, Ginglymostomatidae and Triakidae), 228 (26.1%) "bait" fish (Aridae), 112 (13.1%) rays (Dasyatidae, Myliobatidae, Rhinobatidae and Mobulidae) and 111 (12.7%) commercial fish (Lutjanidae, Serranidae Sciaenidae). The capture condition (dead or alive), the low commercial value and the availability of fishermen, allowed us to release 65 sharks and 111 rays, all of them were alive and without hooks. Of these 75.7% were stingrays (D. longa), 12.6% eagle ray (A. narinari), 5.4% cownose rays (R. steindachneri), 5.4% guitar fish (R. leucorhynchus), the spoited ray 2.7% (U. chilenis), 0.9% butterfly ray (G. marmorata), and 0.9% mobula (Mobula sp.). The CPUE rate shows that the sharks and rays contributed more than 50% of the total catch of fishing operations. However, the months when the fishermen caught more sharks, the rays were not abundant. July and August were the months with the highest shark CPUE, while January-February were the months with the highest ray catches. Regarding the 37 landings observations, a total of 264 sharks were analyzed, being the scalloped hammerhead shark the most abundant (S. lewini, n=163), with 61.7%, followed by the common soothhound shark (M. lunulatus, n=48) (18.2%), the blacktip shark (C. limbatus, n=27) (10.2%) the pacific sharpnose shark (R. longurio, n=24) (9.1%), whitenose shark (0.4%) (Nasolamia velox, n=1) and the bonnethead shark (0.4%) (Sphyrna tiburo, n=1). The fusion of biological and fishery data from onboard observations and landings made it possible to analyze a total 609 sharks belonging to ten species. Of these, S. lewini represented more than 51.8% of total sharks analyzed; M. lunulatus, 23.5% R. longurio, 13.8% and C. limbatus, 8.9%. Other species G. cirratum, G. cuvier, N. velox, shovel head shark (S. tiburo) and the horn shark H. mexicanus were very sporadic since they contributed only 2.0% of the total. Analyses of length of S. lewini showed that they are mostly juveniles (74.31±17.4cm). Similar situation was found with individuals of R. longurio, M. lunulatus and C. limbatus whose mean total lengths were of 65.22±14.04cm, 94.08±23.64cm 4.44cm respectively 76.65cm. Rev. Biol. Trop. 63 (2): 183-198. Epub 2015 June 01.

Long-term (2002-2011) changes on Cetengraulis edentulus (Clupeiformes: Engraulidae) fisheries in Guanabara Bay, Brazil / Variaciones a gran escala (2002-2011) de las pesquerías de Cetengraulis edentulus (Clupeiformes: Engraulidae) en la bahía de Guanabara, Brasil

C. edentulus accounts for the major fishery resource in Guanabara Bay, but there are only few studies about its captures.This study analyzed the long term changes on C. edentulus catches in Guanabara Bay, focusing especially on temporal variation on capture effort, boat storage temperature, and fish price and size.We assessed the 2002-2011 database of fish landings at the pier of Rubi S.A., with records of year, month, total catch (kg), number of fish per kg, boat storage temperature (oC), and price per kg to boat owner (US$). Those variables differed among years and months (ANOVA; p<0.01) with strong yearXmonth interactions for all, probably related to C. edentulus reproductive and recruitment seasons and environmental conditions of Guanabara Bay. Generalized additive models revealed that high C. edentulus catches were associated with few boat loadings of large-sized fishes, which were conserved in higher boat storage temperatures and attained high market prices. Our long-term study stressed that variations on C. edentulus fishery were related to changes on boat storage temperature, fish size, price paid per kg, and frequency of landings, and that these descriptors are correlated with C. edentulus ecological traits and high phytoplankton availability. Nevertheless, further studies should be performed to address whether less evident factors, such as the fluctuation of concurrent Sardinella brasiliensis stock, would explain the temporal dynamics of C. edentulus stocks in Guanabara Bay.

Cetengraulis edentulus se distribuye por todo el Atlántico Sur y es la especie más explotada comercialmente en la bahía de Guanabara, Brasil. Entre 2002-2011 se analizaron los desembarques pesqueros de la empresa Rubi S.A., las capturas totales (kg), número de peces por kg, temperatura de almacenamiento en la embarcación (°C) y el precio pagado por kg de C. edentulus al propietario de la embarcación (US$). Todas las variables difirieron entre años y meses (ANOVA, p<0.01), con interacciones años × meses significativas para todas, probablemente a causa de los períodos reproductivo y de reclutamiento de C. edentulus y a las condiciones ambientales de la bahía. Modelos aditivos generalizados indicaron que capturas más elevadas de C. edentulus estuvieron asociadas con un menor número de desembarques, pero de peces más grandes, los cuales fueron conservados a temperaturas más elevadas y obtuvieron precios más altos de mercado. Aunque los cambios en los descriptores estén relacionados con los atributos ecológicos de C. edentulus y la productividad del fitoplancton, se necesitan más estudios para investigar si otros factores, tales como la fluctuación de los stocks de Sardinella brasiliensis, pueden afectar la dinámica temporal de los stocks de C. edentulus en la bahía.

A time series analysis of Prochilodus nigricans landings caught by small-scale fisheries in the lower stretch of the Amazon River / Uma análise em séries temporais das capturas de Prochilodus nigricans pela frota artesanal no trecho inferior do Rio Amazonas

We developed a time series analysis using data on curimatã (Prochilodus nigricans), which landed in Santarém, a small city located on the right banks of the Amazon River. A 10-year record of monthly average catches per day of P. nigricans was analyzed using forecasting procedures in the open-source software GRETL 1.7.8. We established two models from the identifications made with the correlograms of hyperparametrization and seasonal differences. The autoregressive terms of the model reach three years, indicating that individuals of the species are being caught around the age of three. This may indicate that the curimatãs in the landings at Santarém from 1992 to 2002 were more than two years old, potentially a sign of a lack of fishing pressure on the lower age groups.

Foi desenvolvida uma análise em séries temporais usando-se dados de desembarque de curimatã, Prochilodus nigricans, em Santarém-PA, uma pequena cidade na margem direita do Rio Amazonas. Uma série histórica de dez anos de capturas diárias foi convertida em médias mensais e analisadas usando-se o software livre GRETL 1.7.8. Definiram-se dois modelos a partir da análise dos correlalogramas de hiperparametrização e das diferenças sazonais. Os termos autorregressivos alcançaram três anos, possivelmente indicando que os curimatãs desembarcados em Santarém, entre 1992 e 2002, tinham, em sua maioria, dois anos ou mais, um sinal de ausência de pressão de pesca sobre grupos mais jovens.

Relación entre las capturas de Megapitaria squalida (Bivalvia: Veneridae) y la temperatura superficial del mar en la Bahía de la Paz, Baja California Sur, México

Megapitaria squalida (Bivalvia: Veneridae) fishery landings and temperature relationship in Bahía de la Paz, México. The clam Megapitaria squalida is a fishing resource with increasing importance in Northwestern Mexico. Nevertheless, this fishery has shown important variations that could be related to environmental factors. To assess this, monthly landings of M. squalida were analyzed during 2002-2005 for Bahía de La Paz, B.C.S., and were related with monthly time series of sea surface temperature, derived from MODIS-Aqua Sensor. The results showed a positive and significant relationship between sea surface temperature and clam landings. The likely impact of anomalous conditions of sea temperature on this resource is discussed. Rev. Biol. Trop. 59 (1): 151-157. Epub 2011 March 01.

La almeja chocolate Megapitaria squalida es un recurso pesquero con creciente importancia en el noroeste de México al registrarse un incremento en los volúmenes de captura. Sin embargo, esta pesquería ha observado variaciones importantes en las capturas que podrían estar relacionadas con factores ambientales. Se obtuvieron datos mensuales de producción de M. squalida durante 2002- 2005 y se estimaron series de tiempo de temperatura superficial del mar en la Bahía de La Paz B.C.S. a partir de imágenes mensuales derivadas del sensor MODIS-Aqua. Los resultados indican una relación positiva significativa entre la temperatura superficial del mar y los volúmenes de captura, razón por la cual nuestro trabajo tiene como objetivo estudiar las relaciones entre capturas de Megapitaria squalida (Bivalvia: Veneridae) y la temperatura superficial del mar en La Bahía de la Paz, Baja California Sur, México.

Avaliação do desembarque pesqueiro efetuado em Manacapuru, Amazonas, Brasil / Evaluation of the Manacapuru fishing landings, Amazonas State, Brazil

A atividade comercial pesqueira na Amazônia Central é predominantemente direcionada para Manaus, porém o perfil das atividades pesqueiras efetuadas nos demais centros também é fundamental para o planejamento do setor. Neste contexto, o presente trabalho visa caracterizar o perfil da produção pesqueira que abastece a cidade de Manacapuru, um dos principais centros urbanos da Amazônia Central. Os desembarques ocorreram a partir de canoas a remo, canoas motorizadas, barcos de pesca e recreios. A média mensal de pescado desembarcado foi de 175,36 ± 39,50 t em 2001 e de 172,13 ± 18,88 t em 2002, não apresentando diferença significativa entre anos (P>0,05). Dos 35 nomes específicos comuns registrados, observa-se que curimatã (Prochilodus nigricans), jaraquis (Semaprochilodus spp.), cubiu (Anodus spp.), mapará (Hypophthalmus spp.), e tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum) foram os itens mais importantes nos dois anos, e piramutaba (Brachyplatystoma vaillantii) em 2002. Sete sub-regiões foram visitadas pela frota pesqueira, destacando-se Baixo-Solimões e o rio Purus.

The fishing commercial activity in Central Amazonia is mainly addressed for Manaus, even so the characteristics of the fishing activities directed to other important urban centers in the region are also fundamental for the planning of the sector. In this context, the present work seeks to characterize the profile of the fishing production that lands in the city of Manacapuru, one of the main urban centers of Central Amazon. Fish landings were done from non-motorized canoes, motorized canoes, fishing ships and pleasure boats. The monthly average of landed fish was of 175,36 ± 39,50 ton in 2001 and of 172,13 ± 18,88 ton in 2002, not presenting significant difference among years (P>0,05). Of the 35 registered common species names, it is observed that curimatã (Prochilodus nigricans), jaraquis (Semaprochilodus spp.), cubiu (Anodus spp.), mapará (Hypophthalmus spp.), and tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum) were the most important fish landed in 2001 and 2002, and piramutaba (Brachyplatystoma vaillantii) specifically in 2002. out of the seven sub-areas visited by the fishing fleet, Lower Solimões and Purus river stand out.

Managing In-flight Medical Emergency

In-flight medical emergencies are likely to increase as air travel continues to grow and as more elderly passengers with preexisting diseases fly long distances. Unscheduled landing for a medical reason is a serious situation for commercial air carriers. The common causes of unscheduled landings are cardiac and neurological problems. Physician passengers might be called upon to help ill or injured passengers at any time. Physicians play an important role in in-flight medical emergencies. Most airlines have installed the emergency medical kits and automated external defibrillator (AED), ambu bag, intubation set, etc. The management of in-flight medical emergences requires the assistance from welltrained crew, adequate medical equipments and medications, availability of physician passengers, and ground medical communications. This article summarizes the in-flight resources available for physician passengers when called upon for medical emergencies while on board.